Here's a solution:
dates <- c("14.01.2013", "26.03.2014")
# Date format:
dates2 <- strptime(dates, format = "%d.%m.%Y")
dif <- diff(as.numeric(dates2)) # difference in seconds
dif/(60 * 60 * 24 * 7) # weeks
[1] 62.28571
dif/(60 * 60 * 24 * 30) # months
[1] 14.53333
dif/(60 * 60 * 24 * 30 * 3) # quartes
[1] 4.844444
dif/(60 * 60 * 24 * 365) # years
[1] 1.194521