Assuming, that you have root access on the box you can do:
sudo -u postgres psql
If that fails with a database "postgres" does not exists this block.
sudo -u postgres psql template1
Then sudo nano /etc/postgresql/11/main/pg_hba.conf file
local all postgres ident
For newer versions of PostgreSQL ident actually might be peer.
Inside the psql shell you can give the DB user postgres a password:
ALTER USER postgres PASSWORD 'newPassword';