There are some really good suggestions on here.
Referring to the last screenshot that Mina provided, after initially archiving my app, the provisioning profile mentioned during uploading contained a wildcard (XC.*). This is wrong.
It took some considerable effort in order to resolve this. I had to perform a combination of the suggestions that Simon Woodside & Mina Fawzy provided.
If you have any existing certificates and provisioning profiles related to your project, now would be a good time to remove them all locally, and revoke them all remotely. Give yourself a fresh start.
Mina Fawzy's detailed suggestion is excellent. Performing Mina's suggestion, if performed correctly, should take care of you online.
Enter Simon's suggestion. Two things I needed to check inside my project. Using XCode, go here:
PROJECT -> BUILD SETTINGS -> CODE SIGNING
Review the Code Signing Identity and Provisioning Profile properties. Make sure you set those two properties to that of your project name. Don't allow XCode to automatically select for you, and don't use some generic code signing identity (e.g. Iphone Developer).
Make sure you can actually install the app onto your devices before deciding to archive.