How to detect incoming calls in an Android device

Question

I m trying to make an app like  when a call comes to the phone I want to detect the number  Below is what I tried  but it s not detecting incoming calls    I want to run my MainActivity in background  how can I do that   I had given the permission in manifest file    lt uses-permission android name  android permission READ PHONE STATE   gt    Is there anything else should I provide in the manifest   public class MainActivity extends Activity        Override     protected void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState            super onCreate savedInstanceState           setContentView R layout test layout            public class myPhoneStateChangeListener extends PhoneStateListener           Override        public void onCallStateChanged int state  String incomingNumber               super onCallStateChanged state  incomingNumber              if  state    TelephonyManager CALL STATE RINGING                   String phoneNumber     incomingNumber

User · Answer

Just to update Gabe Sechan s answer  If your manifest asks for permissions to READ CALL LOG and READ PHONE STATE  onReceive will called TWICE  One of which has EXTRA INCOMING NUMBER in it and the other doesn t  You have to test which has it and it can occur in any order   https   developer android com reference android telephony TelephonyManager html ACTION PHONE STATE CHANGED

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Please use the below code  It will help you to get the incoming number with other call details   activity main xml   lt RelativeLayout xmlns android  http   schemas android com apk res android  xmlns tools  http   schemas android com tools  android layout width  match parent  android layout height  match parent  tools context   MainActivity   gt    lt TextView     android id    id call      android layout width  wrap content      android layout height  wrap content      android layout centerHorizontal  true      android layout centerVertical  true      android text   string hello world    gt    lt  RelativeLayout gt    MainActivity java  public class MainActivity extends Activity    private static final int MISSED CALL TYPE   0  private TextView txtcall    Override     protected void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState        super onCreate savedInstanceState       setContentView R layout activity main        txtcall    TextView  findViewById R id call        StringBuffer sb   new StringBuffer        Cursor managedCursor   managedQuery CallLog Calls CONTENT URI  null              null  null  null       int number   managedCursor getColumnIndex CallLog Calls NUMBER       int type   managedCursor getColumnIndex CallLog Calls TYPE       int date   managedCursor getColumnIndex CallLog Calls DATE       int duration   managedCursor getColumnIndex CallLog Calls DURATION       sb append  Call Details          while  managedCursor moveToNext              String phNumber   managedCursor getString number           String callType   managedCursor getString type           String callDate   managedCursor getString date           Date callDayTime   new Date Long valueOf callDate            String callDuration   managedCursor getString duration           String dir   null          int dircode   Integer parseInt callType           switch  dircode             case CallLog Calls OUTGOING TYPE              dir    OUTGOING               break           case CallLog Calls INCOMING TYPE              dir    INCOMING               break           case CallLog Calls MISSED TYPE              dir    MISSED               break                    sb append   nPhone Number ---     phNumber      nCall Type ---                     dir      nCall Date ---     callDayTime                      nCall duration in sec  ---     callDuration           sb append   n----------------------------------              managedCursor close        txtcall setText sb       Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu Menu menu           Inflate the menu  this adds items to the action bar if it is present      getMenuInflater   inflate R menu activity main  menu       return true          and in your manifest request for following permissions    lt uses-permission android name  android permission READ CONTACTS   gt   lt uses-permission android name  android permission READ LOGS   gt

User · Answer

private MyPhoneStateListener phoneStateListener   new MyPhoneStateListener      to register  TelephonyManager telephonyManager    TelephonyManager  getSystemService TELEPHONY SERVICE   telephonyManager listen phoneStateListener  PhoneStateListener LISTEN CALL STATE     and to unregister  TelephonyManager telephonyManager    TelephonyManager  getSystemService TELEPHONY SERVICE   telephonyManager listen phoneStateListener  PhoneStateListener LISTEN NONE

User · Answer

Here is a simple method which can avoid the use of PhonestateListener and other complications  So here we are receiving the 3 events from android such as RINGING OFFHOOK and IDLE  And in order to get the all possible state of call we need to define our own states like RINGING  OFFHOOK  IDLE  FIRST CALL RINGING  SECOND CALL RINGING  It can handle every states in a phone call  Please think in a way that we are receiving events from android and we will define our on call states  See the code   public class CallListening  extends BroadcastReceiver       private static final String TAG   broadcast intent       public static String incoming number      private String current state previus state event      public static Boolean dialog  false      private Context context      private SharedPreferences sp sp1      private SharedPreferences Editor spEditor spEditor1      public void onReceive Context context  Intent intent              Log d  intent log    Intent    intent           dialog true          this context   context          event   intent getStringExtra TelephonyManager EXTRA STATE           incoming number   intent getStringExtra TelephonyManager EXTRA INCOMING NUMBER           Log d TAG   The received event     event    incoming number       incoming number           previus state   getCallState context           current state    IDLE           if incoming number  null               updateIncomingNumber incoming number context            else               incoming number getIncomingNumber context                     switch  event                case  RINGING                   Log d TAG   State   Ringing  incoming number       incoming number               if  previus state equals  IDLE        previus state equals  FIRST CALL RINGING                          current state   FIRST CALL RINGING                                     if  previus state equals  OFFHOOK      previus state equals  SECOND CALL RINGING                          current state    SECOND CALL RINGING                                      break              case  OFFHOOK                   Log d TAG   State   offhook  incoming number       incoming number                   if  previus state equals  IDLE       previus state equals  FIRST CALL RINGING       previus state equals  OFFHOOK                         current state    OFFHOOK                                     if previus state equals  SECOND CALL RINGING                         current state   OFFHOOK                       startDialog context                                     break              case  IDLE                   Log d TAG   State   idle and  incoming number       incoming number                   if  previus state equals  OFFHOOK        previus state equals  SECOND CALL RINGING        previus state equals  IDLE                          current state  IDLE                                     if previus state equals  FIRST CALL RINGING                         current state    IDLE                       startDialog context                                     updateIncomingNumber  no number  context                   Log d TAG  stored incoming number flushed                    break                    if  current state equals previus state                Log d TAG   Updating  state from   previus state    to   current state               updateCallState current state context                        public void startDialog Context context            Log d TAG  Starting Dialog box            Intent intent1   new Intent context  NotifyHangup class           intent1 addFlags Intent FLAG ACTIVITY NEW TASK           context startActivity intent1              public void updateCallState String state Context context           sp   PreferenceManager getDefaultSharedPreferences context           spEditor   sp edit            spEditor putString  call state   state           spEditor commit            Log d TAG   state updated               public void updateIncomingNumber String inc num Context context           sp   PreferenceManager getDefaultSharedPreferences context           spEditor   sp edit            spEditor putString  inc num   inc num           spEditor commit            Log d TAG   incoming number updated              public String getCallState Context context           sp1   PreferenceManager getDefaultSharedPreferences context           String st  sp1 getString  call state    IDLE            Log d TAG  get previous state as    st           return st            public String getIncomingNumber Context context           sp1   PreferenceManager getDefaultSharedPreferences context           String st  sp1 getString  inc num    no num            Log d TAG  get incoming number as    st           return st

User · Answer

You need a BroadcastReceiver for ACTION PHONE STATE CHANGED This will call your received whenever the phone-state changes from idle  ringing  offhook so from the previous value and the new value you can detect if this is an incoming outgoing call  Required permission would be   lt uses-permission android name  quot android permission READ PHONE STATE quot   gt   But if you also want to receive the EXTRA INCOMING NUMBER in that broadcast  you ll need another permission   quot android permission READ CALL LOG quot  And the code something like this  val receiver  BroadcastReceiver   object   BroadcastReceiver         override fun onReceive context  Context  intent  Intent            Log d TAG   quot onReceive quot            override fun onResume         val filter   IntentFilter       filter addAction  quot android intent action PHONE STATE quot       registerReceiver receiver  filter      super onResume      override fun onPause         unregisterReceiver receiver      super onPause      and in receiver class  we can get current state by reading intent like this  intent extras  quot state quot    the result of extras could be   RINGING - gt  If your phone is ringing OFFHOOK - gt  If you are talking with someone  Incoming or Outcoming call  IDLE - gt  if call ended  Incoming or Outcoming call   With PHONE STATE broadcast we don t need to use PROCESS OUTGOING CALLS permission or deprecated NEW OUTGOING CALL action

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Here s what I use to do this   Manifest    lt uses-permission android name  android permission READ PHONE STATE    gt   lt uses-permission android name  android permission PROCESS OUTGOING CALLS   gt    lt  --This part is inside the application-- gt       lt receiver android name   CallReceiver   gt           lt intent-filter gt               lt action android name  android intent action PHONE STATE    gt           lt  intent-filter gt           lt intent-filter gt               lt action android name  android intent action NEW OUTGOING CALL    gt           lt  intent-filter gt       lt  receiver gt    My base reusable call detector  package com gabesechan android reusable receivers   import java util Date   import android content BroadcastReceiver  import android content Context  import android content Intent  import android telephony TelephonyManager   public abstract class PhonecallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver          The receiver will be recreated whenever android feels like it   We need a static variable to remember data between instantiations      private static int lastState   TelephonyManager CALL STATE IDLE      private static Date callStartTime      private static boolean isIncoming      private static String savedNumber     because the passed incoming is only valid in ringing        Override     public void onReceive Context context  Intent intent               We listen to two intents   The new outgoing call only tells us of an outgoing call   We use it to get the number          if  intent getAction   equals  android intent action NEW OUTGOING CALL                  savedNumber   intent getExtras   getString  android intent extra PHONE NUMBER                      else              String stateStr   intent getExtras   getString TelephonyManager EXTRA STATE               String number   intent getExtras   getString TelephonyManager EXTRA INCOMING NUMBER               int state   0              if stateStr equals TelephonyManager EXTRA STATE IDLE                    state   TelephonyManager CALL STATE IDLE                            else if stateStr equals TelephonyManager EXTRA STATE OFFHOOK                    state   TelephonyManager CALL STATE OFFHOOK                            else if stateStr equals TelephonyManager EXTRA STATE RINGING                    state   TelephonyManager CALL STATE RINGING                              onCallStateChanged context  state  number                          Derived classes should override these to respond to specific events of interest     protected abstract void onIncomingCallReceived Context ctx  String number  Date start       protected abstract void onIncomingCallAnswered Context ctx  String number  Date start       protected abstract void onIncomingCallEnded Context ctx  String number  Date start  Date end        protected abstract void onOutgoingCallStarted Context ctx  String number  Date start             protected abstract void onOutgoingCallEnded Context ctx  String number  Date start  Date end        protected abstract void onMissedCall Context ctx  String number  Date start          Deals with actual events        Incoming call-  goes from IDLE to RINGING when it rings  to OFFHOOK when it s answered  to IDLE when its hung up       Outgoing call-  goes from IDLE to OFFHOOK when it dials out  to IDLE when hung up     public void onCallStateChanged Context context  int state  String number            if lastState    state                 No change  debounce extras             return                    switch  state                case TelephonyManager CALL STATE RINGING                  isIncoming   true                  callStartTime   new Date                    savedNumber   number                  onIncomingCallReceived context  number  callStartTime                   break              case TelephonyManager CALL STATE OFFHOOK                    Transition of ringing- gt offhook are pickups of incoming calls   Nothing done on them                 if lastState    TelephonyManager CALL STATE RINGING                       isIncoming   false                      callStartTime   new Date                        onOutgoingCallStarted context  savedNumber  callStartTime                                                          else                                       isIncoming   true                      callStartTime   new Date                        onIncomingCallAnswered context  savedNumber  callStartTime                                       break              case TelephonyManager CALL STATE IDLE                    Went to idle-  this is the end of a call   What type depends on previous state s                  if lastState    TelephonyManager CALL STATE RINGING                         Ring but no pickup-  a miss                     onMissedCall context  savedNumber  callStartTime                                     else if isIncoming                       onIncomingCallEnded context  savedNumber  callStartTime  new Date                                                              else                      onOutgoingCallEnded context  savedNumber  callStartTime  new Date                                                                                      break                    lastState   state            Then to use it  simply derive a class from it and implement a few easy functions  whichever call types you care about   public class CallReceiver extends PhonecallReceiver         Override     protected void onIncomingCallReceived Context ctx  String number  Date start                               Override     protected void onIncomingCallAnswered Context ctx  String number  Date start                               Override     protected void onIncomingCallEnded Context ctx  String number  Date start  Date end                               Override     protected void onOutgoingCallStarted Context ctx  String number  Date start                                Override      protected void onOutgoingCallEnded Context ctx  String number  Date start  Date end                               Override     protected void onMissedCall Context ctx  String number  Date start                              In addition you can see a writeup I did on why the code is like it is on my blog  Gist link  https   gist github com ftvs e61ccb039f511eb288ee  EDIT   Updated to simpler code  as I ve reworked the class for my own use

User · Answer

With Android P - Api Level 28  You need to get READ CALL LOG permission  Restricted access to call logs  Android P moves the CALL LOG  READ CALL LOG  WRITE CALL LOG  and PROCESS OUTGOING CALLS permissions from the PHONE permission group to the new CALL LOG permission group  This group gives users better control and visibility to apps that need access to sensitive information about phone calls  such as reading phone call records and identifying phone numbers   To read numbers from the PHONE STATE intent action  you need both the READ CALL LOG permission and the READ PHONE STATE permission  To read numbers from onCallStateChanged    you now need the READ CALL LOG permission only  You no longer need the READ PHONE STATE permission

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UPDATE  The really awesome code posted by Gabe Sechan no longer works unless you explicitly request the user to grant the necessary permissions  Here is some code that you can place in your main activity to request these permissions       if  getApplicationContext   checkSelfPermission Manifest permission READ PHONE STATE                 PackageManager PERMISSION GRANTED               Permission has not been granted  therefore prompt the user to grant permission         ActivityCompat requestPermissions this                  new String   Manifest permission READ PHONE STATE                   MY PERMISSIONS REQUEST READ PHONE STATE              if  getApplicationContext   checkSelfPermission Manifest permission PROCESS OUTGOING CALLS                 PackageManager PERMISSION GRANTED               Permission has not been granted  therefore prompt the user to grant permission         ActivityCompat requestPermissions this                  new String   Manifest permission PROCESS OUTGOING CALLS                   MY PERMISSIONS REQUEST PROCESS OUTGOING CALLS           ALSO  As someone mentioned in a comment below Gabe s post  you have to add a little snippet of code  android enabled  true  to the receiver in order to detect incoming calls when the app is not currently running in the foreground        lt  --This part is inside the application-- gt       lt receiver android name   CallReceiver  android enabled  true  gt           lt intent-filter gt               lt action android name  android intent action PHONE STATE    gt           lt  intent-filter gt           lt intent-filter gt               lt action android name  android intent action NEW OUTGOING CALL    gt           lt  intent-filter gt       lt  receiver gt

User · Answer

this may helps you and also add require permision  public class PhoneListener extends PhoneStateListener       private Context context      public static String getincomno       public PhoneListener Context c            Log i  CallRecorder    PhoneListener constructor            context   c             public void onCallStateChanged  int state  String incomingNumber                 if  TextUtils isEmpty incomingNumber               here for Outgoing number make null to get incoming number         CallBroadcastReceiver numberToCall   null          getincomno   incomingNumber                     switch  state            case TelephonyManager CALL STATE IDLE               break          case TelephonyManager CALL STATE RINGING              Log d  CallRecorder    CALL STATE RINGING                break          case TelephonyManager CALL STATE OFFHOOK               break

User · Answer

Gabe Sechan  thanks for your code  It works fine except the onOutgoingCallEnded    It is never executed  Testing phones are Samsung S5  amp  Trendy  There are 2 bugs I think    1  a pair of brackets is missing    case TelephonyManager CALL STATE IDLE          Went to idle-  this is the end of a call   What type depends on previous state s      if  lastState    TelephonyManager CALL STATE RINGING               Ring but no pickup-  a miss         onMissedCall context  savedNumber  callStartTime         else              this one is missing         if isIncoming               onIncomingCallEnded context  savedNumber  callStartTime  new Date                                      else               onOutgoingCallEnded context  savedNumber  callStartTime  new Date                                                                           this one is missing     break    2  lastState is not updated by the state if it is at the end of the function  It should be replaced to the first line of this function by  public void onCallStateChanged Context context  int state  String number        int lastStateTemp   lastState      lastState   state         todo replace all the  lastState  by lastStateTemp from here      if  lastStateTemp     state              No change  debounce extras         return                       Additional I ve put lastState and savedNumber into shared preference as you suggested     Just tested it with above changes  Bug fixed at least on my phones

[android] How to detect incoming calls, in an Android device?

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