You can set the variable 'fileencodings' in your .vimrc.
This is a list of character encodings considered when starting to edit an existing file. When a file is read, Vim tries to use the first mentioned character encoding. If an error is detected, the next one in the list is tried. When an encoding is found that works, 'fileencoding' is set to it. If all fail, 'fileencoding' is set to an empty string, which means the value of 'encoding' is used.
See :help filencodings
If you often work with e.g. cp1252, you can add it there:
set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp1252,default,latin9