It looks like you can use msdb.dbo.sysjobactivity
, checking for a record with a non-null start_execution_date and a null stop_execution_date, meaning the job was started, but has not yet completed.
This would give you currently running jobs:
SELECT sj.name
, sja.*
FROM msdb.dbo.sysjobactivity AS sja
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.sysjobs AS sj ON sja.job_id = sj.job_id
WHERE sja.start_execution_date IS NOT NULL
AND sja.stop_execution_date IS NULL