[jquery] JSONP call showing "Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected token : "

You're trying to access a JSON, not JSONP.

Notice the difference between your source:

https://api.flightstats.com/flex/schedules/rest/v1/json/flight/AA/100/departing/2013/10/4?appId=19d57e69&appKey=e0ea60854c1205af43fd7b1203005d59&callback=?

And actual JSONP (a wrapping function):

http://api.flickr.com/services/feeds/photos_public.gne?jsoncallback=processJSON&tags=monkey&tagmode=any&format=json

Search for JSON + CORS/Cross-domain policy and you will find hundreds of SO threads on this very topic.