If you run the Get-Item or Get-ChildItem commands these will output System.IO.FileInfo and System.IO.DirectoryInfo objects that contain this information e.g.:
Get-Item c:\folder | Format-List
Or you can access the property directly like so:
Get-Item c:\folder | Foreach {$_.LastWriteTime}
To start to filter folders & files based on last write time you can do this:
Get-ChildItem c:\folder | Where{$_.LastWriteTime -gt (Get-Date).AddDays(-7)}