[java] Java balanced expressions check {[()]}

I am trying to create a program that takes a string as an argument into its constructor. I need a method that checks whether the string is a balanced parenthesized expression. It needs to handle ( { [ ] } ) each open needs to balance with its corresponding closing bracket. For example a user could input [({})] which would be balanced and }{ would be unbalanced. This doesn't need to handle letters or numbers. I need to use a stack to do this.

I was given this pseudocode but can not figure how to implement it in java. Any advice would be awesome. pseudocode

Update- sorry forgot to post what i had so far. Its all messed up because at first i was trying to use char and then i tried an array.. im not exactly sure where to go.

import java.util.*;

public class Expression
{
  Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
  Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<Integer>();



  public boolean check()
  {
    System.out.println("Please enter your expression.");
    String newExp = in.next();
    String[] exp = new String[newExp];
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
    { 


      char ch = exp.charAt(i);
      if (ch == '(' || ch == '[' || ch == '{')
        stack.push(i);
      else if (ch == ')'|| ch == ']' || ch == '}')
      {
        //nothing to match with
        if(stack.isEmpty())
        {  
          return false;
        }
        else if(stack.pop() != ch)
        { 
          return false;
        } 

      }            
    }
    if (stack.isEmpty())
    {
      return true;
    }
    else
    {
      return false;
    }
  }


}

This question is related to java stack pseudocode

The answer is


**// balanced parentheses problem (By fabboys)**
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>

using namespace std;

class Stack{

char *arr;
int size;
int top;

public:

Stack(int s)
{
  size = s;
  arr = new char[size];
  top = -1;
}

bool isEmpty()
{
  if(top == -1)
    return true;
 else
    return false;
 }

 bool isFull()
 {
  if(top == size-1)
    return true;
 else
    return false;
 }


 void push(char n)
 {
 if(isFull() == false)
 {
     top++;
     arr[top] = n;
 }
}

char pop()
{
 if(isEmpty() == false)
 {
     char x = arr[top];
     top--;
     return x;
 }
 else
    return -1;
}

char Top()
{
 if(isEmpty() == false)
 {
    return arr[top];
 }
 else
    return -1;
}
Stack{
 delete []arr;
 }

};

int main()
{
int size=0;


string LineCode;
cout<<"Enter a String : ";
  cin >> LineCode;



    size = LineCode.length();

    Stack s1(size);


    char compare;

    for(int i=0;i<=size;i++)
    {

 if(LineCode[i]=='(' || LineCode[i] == '{' || LineCode[i] =='[')

 s1.push(LineCode[i]);

 else if(LineCode[i]==']')
 {
     if(s1.isEmpty()==false){
                    compare =  s1.pop();
                if(compare == 91){}
                    else
                        {
                        cout<<" Error Founded";
                            return 0;}
        }
            else
            {
               cout<<" Error Founded";
               return 0;
            }

 } else if(LineCode[i] == ')')
 {
     if(s1.isEmpty() == false)
     {
         compare = s1.pop();
         if(compare == 40){}
         else{
            cout<<" Error Founded";
                            return 0;
         }
     }else
     {
        cout<<"Error Founded";
               return 0;
     }
 }else if(LineCode[i] == '}')
 {
       if(s1.isEmpty() == false)
     {
         compare = s1.pop();
         if(compare == 123){}
         else{
            cout<<" Error Founded";
                            return 0;
         }
     }else
     {
        cout<<" Error Founded";
               return 0;
     }


 }
}

if(s1.isEmpty()==true)
{
    cout<<"No Error in Program:\n";
}
else
{
     cout<<" Error Founded";
}

 return 0;
}

    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Scanner;
    import java.util.Stack;
    public class BalancedParenthesisWithStack {

    /*This is purely Java Stack based solutions without using additonal 
      data structure like array/Map */

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        /*Take list of String inputs (parenthesis expressions both valid and 
         invalid from console*/

        List<String> inputs=new ArrayList<>();
        while (sc.hasNext()) {

            String input=sc.next();
            inputs.add(input);

        }

        //For every input in above list display whether it is valid or 
         //invalid parenthesis expression

        for(String input:inputs){



        System.out.println("\nisBalancedParenthesis:"+isBalancedParenthesis
        (input));
        }
    }

    //This method identifies whether expression is valid parenthesis or not

    public static boolean isBalancedParenthesis(String expression){

        //sequence of opening parenthesis according to its precedence
         //i.e. '[' has higher precedence than '{' or '('
        String openingParenthesis="[{(";

        //sequence of closing parenthesis according to its precedence
        String closingParenthesis=")}]";

        //Stack will be pushed on opening parenthesis and popped on closing.
        Stack<Character> parenthesisStack=new Stack<>();


          /*For expression to be valid :
          CHECK :
          1. it must start with opening parenthesis [()...
          2. precedence of parenthesis  should be proper (eg. "{[" invalid  
                                                              "[{(" valid  ) 


          3. matching pair if(  '(' => ')')  i.e. [{()}(())] ->valid [{)]not 
          */
         if(closingParenthesis.contains
         (((Character)expression.charAt(0)).toString())){
            return false;
        }else{
        for(int i=0;i<expression.length();i++){

        char ch= (Character)expression.charAt(i);

        //if parenthesis is opening(ie any of '[','{','(') push on stack
        if(openingParenthesis.contains(ch.toString())){
                parenthesisStack.push(ch);
            }else if(closingParenthesis.contains(ch.toString())){
        //if parenthesis is closing (ie any of ']','}',')') pop stack
        //depending upon check-3 
                if(parenthesisStack.peek()=='(' && (ch==')') || 
                    parenthesisStack.peek()=='{' && (ch=='}') ||    
                    parenthesisStack.peek()=='[' && (ch==']')
                        ){
                parenthesisStack.pop();
                }
            }
        }

        return (parenthesisStack.isEmpty())? true : false;
        }
    }

Late Post.

package com.prac.stack;

public class BalanceBrackets {

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String str = "{()}[]";
    char a[] = str.toCharArray();
    System.out.println(check(a));
}

static boolean check(char[] t) {
    Stackk st = new Stackk();
    for (int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
        if (t[i] == '{' || t[i] == '(' || t[i] == '[') {
            st.push(t[i]);
        }
        if (t[i] == '}' || t[i] == ')' || t[i] == ']') {
            if (st.isEmpty()) {
                return false;
            } else if (!isMatching(st.pop(), t[i])) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    if (st.isEmpty()) {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

static boolean isMatching(char a, char b) {
    if (a == '(' && b == ')') {
        return true;
    } else if (a == '{' && b == '}') {
        return true;
    } else if (a == '[' && b == ']') {
        return true;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}

}

Here is the Code. I have tested all the possible test case on Hacker Rank.

static String isBalanced(String input) {

    Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<Character>();
    for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
        Character ch = input.charAt(i);
        if (input.charAt(i) == '{' || input.charAt(i) == '['
                || input.charAt(i) == '(') {
            stack.push(input.charAt(i));
        } else {
            if (stack.isEmpty() 
                    || (stack.peek() == '[' && ch != ']')
                    || (stack.peek() == '{' && ch != '}')
                    || (stack.peek() == '(' && ch != ')')) {
                return "NO";
            } else {
                stack.pop();
            }
        }
    }
    if (stack.empty())
        return "YES";
    return "NO";

}

You are pushing i - the index - on the stack, and comparing against ch. You should push and pop ch.


An alternative to Hashmap and an efficient way would be to use a Deque:

public boolean isValid(String s) 
{
    if(s == null || s.length() == 0)
        return true;

     Deque<Character> stack = new ArrayDeque<Character>();
     for(char c : s.toCharArray()) 
     {
         if(c == '{')
            stack.addFirst('}');

          else if(c == '(')
            stack.addFirst(')');

           else if(c == '[')
              stack .addFirst(']');

            else if(stack.isEmpty() || c != stack.removeFirst())
               return false;
     }
             return stack.isEmpty();
}

import java.util.Stack;

        public class StackParenthesisImplementation {
            public static void main(String[] args) {
                String Parenthesis = "[({})]";
                char[] charParenthesis  = Parenthesis.toCharArray();
                boolean evalParanthesisValue = evalParanthesis(charParenthesis);
                if(evalParanthesisValue == true)
                    System.out.println("Brackets are good");
                else
                    System.out.println("Brackets are not good");
            }
            static boolean evalParanthesis(char[] brackets)
            {       
                boolean IsBracesOk = false;
                boolean PairCount = false;
                Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<Character>();
                for(char brace : brackets)
                {                       
                    if(brace == '(' || brace == '{' || brace == '['){
                        stack.push(brace);  
                        PairCount = false;
                    }
                    else if(!stack.isEmpty())
                    {
                        if(brace == ')' || brace == '}' || brace == ']')
                        {
                            char CharPop = stack.pop();
                            if((brace == ')' && CharPop == '('))
                            {
                                IsBracesOk = true; PairCount = true;
                            }
                            else if((brace == '}') && (CharPop == '{'))
                            {
                                IsBracesOk = true; PairCount = true;
                            }
                            else if((brace == ']') && (CharPop == '['))
                            {
                                IsBracesOk = true; PairCount = true;
                            }
                            else 
                            {
                                IsBracesOk = false;
                                PairCount = false;
                                break;
                            }
                        }   
                    }
                }   
                if(PairCount == false)
                return IsBracesOk = false;
                else
                    return IsBracesOk = true;
            }
        }

This code works for all cases include other chars not only parentheses ex:
Please enter input

{ibrahim[k]}
true

()[]{}[][]
true saddsd] false

public class Solution {

    private static Map<Character, Character> parenthesesMapLeft = new HashMap<>();
    private static Map<Character, Character> parenthesesMapRight = new HashMap<>();

    static {
        parenthesesMapLeft.put('(', '(');
        parenthesesMapRight.put(')', '(');
        parenthesesMapLeft.put('[', '[');
        parenthesesMapRight.put(']', '[');
        parenthesesMapLeft.put('{', '{');
        parenthesesMapRight.put('}', '{');
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Please enter input");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        String str = scanner.nextLine();

        System.out.println(isBalanced(str));
    }

    public static boolean isBalanced(String str) {

        boolean result = false;
        if (str.length() < 2)
            return false;
        Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {

            char ch = str.charAt(i);
            if (!parenthesesMapRight.containsKey(ch) && !parenthesesMapLeft.containsKey(ch)) {
                continue;
            }
            if (parenthesesMapLeft.containsKey(ch)) {
                stack.push(ch);
            } else {
                if (!stack.isEmpty() && stack.pop() == parenthesesMapRight.get(ch).charValue()) {
                    result = true;
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }

        }
        if (!stack.isEmpty())
            return result = false;
        return result;
    }
}

This can be used. Passes all the tests.

static String isBalanced(String s) {

    if(null == s){
        return "";
    }

    Stack<Character> bracketStack = new Stack<>();


    int length = s.length();

    if(length < 2 || length > 1000){
        return "NO";
    }


    for(int i = 0; i < length; i++){
        Character c= s.charAt(i);
        if(c == '(' || c == '{' || c == '[' ){
            bracketStack.push(c);
        } else {
            if(!bracketStack.isEmpty()){
               char cPop = bracketStack.pop();

               if(c == ']' && cPop!= '['){
                  return "NO";
               }

               if(c == ')' && cPop!= '('){
                  return "NO";
               }

               if(c == '}' && cPop!= '{'){
                  return "NO";
               }
            } else{
                return "NO";
            }

        }
    }

    if(bracketStack.isEmpty()){
        return "YES";
    } else {
        return "NO";
    }

}

It's important to use a stack to push opening symbols onto it, then when you come across a closing brace you pop the element off the top of the stack and then you check it to see if it matches the type of closing brace. Here is a java implementation.

import java.util.Stack;

public class Balanced {
    public static void main (String [] args)
    {
        String test_good = "()(){}{}{()}";
        String test_bad = "((({}{}))()";

        System.out.println(checkBalanced(test_good));
        System.out.println(checkBalanced(test_bad));
    }

    public static boolean checkBalanced(String check)
    {
        Stack<Character> S = new Stack<Character>();
        for(int a = 0; a < check.length(); a++)
        {
            char let = check.charAt(a);
            if(let == '[' || let == '{' || let == '(')
                S.push(let);
            else if(let == ']' || let == '}' || let == ')')
            {
                if(S.empty())
                    return false;
                switch(let)
                {
                    // Opening square brace
                    case ']':
                        if (S.pop() != '[')
                            return false;
                        break;
                    // Opening curly brace
                    case '}':
                        if (S.pop() != '{')
                            return false;
                        break;
                    // Opening paren brace
                    case ')':
                        if (S.pop() != '(')
                            return false;
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
        if(S.empty())
            return true;
        return false;
    }
}

How about this one, it uses both concept of stack plus counter checks:

import java.util.*;
class Solution{

public static void main(String []argh)
{
   Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
   while (sc.hasNext()) {
      String input=sc.next();
      Stack<Character> stk = new Stack<Character>();
      char[] chr = input.toCharArray();
      int ctrl = 0, ctrr = 0;
      if(input.length()==0){
          System.out.println("true");
      }
      for(int i=0; i<input.length(); i++){
          if(chr[i]=='{'||chr[i]=='('||chr[i]=='['){
              ctrl++;
              stk.push(chr[i]);
              //System.out.println(stk);
          }
      }
      for(int i=0; i<input.length(); i++){
          if(chr[i]=='}'||chr[i]==')'||chr[i]==']'){
              ctrr++;
              if(!stk.isEmpty())
                  stk.pop();
              //System.out.println(stk);
          }
      }
      //System.out.println(stk);
      if(stk.isEmpty()&&ctrl==ctrr)
        System.out.println("true");
      else
        System.out.println("false");
      }
   }
}

Using switch-case for better readability and handling of other scenarios:

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Stack;

public class JavaStack
{
    private static final Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (sc.hasNext()) {
            String input = sc.next();
            System.out.println(isStringBalanced(input));
        }
        scanner.close();

    }

    private static boolean isStringBalanced(String testString)
    {
        Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<Character>();
        for (char c : testString.toCharArray()) {
            switch (c) {
                case '[':
                case '(':
                case '{':
                    stack.push(c);
                    break;
                case ']':
                    if (stack.isEmpty() || stack.pop() != '[') {
                        return false;
                    }
                    break;
                case ')':
                    if (stack.isEmpty() || stack.pop() != '(') {
                        return false;
                    }
                    break;
                case '}':
                    if (stack.isEmpty() || stack.pop() != '{') {
                        return false;
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
        // stack has to be empty, if not, the balance was wrong
        return stack.empty();
    }
}

Considering string consists only of '(' ')' '{' '}' '[' ']'. Here is a code method that returns true or false based on whether equation is balanced or not.

private static boolean checkEquation(String input) {

    List<Character> charList = new ArrayList<Character>();

    for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {

        if (input.charAt(i) == '(' || input.charAt(i) == '{' || input.charAt(i) == '[') {
            charList.add(input.charAt(i));
        } else if ((input.charAt(i) == ')' && charList.get(charList.size() - 1) == '(')
                || (input.charAt(i) == '}' && charList.get(charList.size() - 1) == '{')
                || (input.charAt(i) == ']' && charList.get(charList.size() - 1) == '[')) {
            charList.remove(charList.size() - 1);
        } else
            return false;

    }

    if(charList.isEmpty())
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}

public void validateExpression(){

    if(!str.isEmpty() && str != null){
        if( !str.trim().equals("(") && !str.trim().equals(")")){

            char[] chars = str.toCharArray();

            for(char c: chars){
                if(!Character.isLetterOrDigit(c) && c == '('  || c == ')') {
                    charList.add(c);
                }
            }

            for(Character ele: charList){                   
                if(operatorMap.get(ele) != null && operatorMap.get(ele) != 0){                      
                    operatorMap.put(ele,operatorMap.get(ele)+1);
                }else{
                    operatorMap.put(ele,1);
                }
            }

            for(Map.Entry<Character, Integer> ele: operatorMap.entrySet()){
                System.out.println(String.format("Brace Type \"%s\" and count is \"%d\" ", ele.getKey(),ele.getValue()));                   
            }

            if(operatorMap.get('(') == operatorMap.get(')')){
                System.out.println("**** Valid Expression ****");
            }else{
                System.out.println("**** Invalid Expression ****");
            }

        }else{
            System.out.println("**** Incomplete expression to validate ****");
        }

    }else{
        System.out.println("**** Expression is  empty or null ****");
    }       
}

Please try this I checked it. It works correctly

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Stack;
public class CloseBrackets {
    private static Map<Character, Character> leftChar = new HashMap<>();
    private static Map<Character, Character> rightChar = new HashMap<>();

    static {
        leftChar.put('(', '(');
        rightChar.put(')', '(');
        leftChar.put('[', '[');
        rightChar.put(']', '[');
        leftChar.put('{', '{');
        rightChar.put('}', '{');
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader bf = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        String st = bf.readLine();
        System.out.println(isBalanced(st));
    }

    public static boolean isBalanced(String str) {

        boolean result = false;
        if (str.length() < 2)
            return false;
        Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<>();
        /* For Example I gave input 
         * str = "{()[]}" 
         */

        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {

            char ch = str.charAt(i);
            if (!rightChar.containsKey(ch) && !leftChar.containsKey(ch)) {
                continue;
            }
            // Left bracket only add to stack. Other wise it will goes to else case 
            // For both above input how value added in stack 
            // "{(" after close bracket go to else case
            if (leftChar.containsKey(ch)) {
                stack.push(ch);
            } else {
                if (!stack.isEmpty()) {
                    // For both input how it performs
                    // 3rd character is close bracket so it will pop . pop value is "(" and map value for ")" key will "(" . So both are same . 
                    // it will return true. 
                    // now stack will contain only "{" , and travers to next up to end.
                    if (stack.pop() == rightChar.get(ch).charValue() || stack.isEmpty()) {
                        result = true;
                    } else {
                        return false;
                    }
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }

        }
        if (!stack.isEmpty())
            return result = false;
        return result;
    }
}

Do you mind, if I will add my freaky-style solution based on JavaScript?

It's an ad-hoc stuff, not for production, but for the interviews or something like that. Or just for fun.

The code:

function reduceStr (str) {
  const newStr = str.replace('()', '').replace('{}', '').replace('[]', '')
  if (newStr !== str) return reduceStr(newStr)
  return newStr
}

function verifyNesting (str) {
  return reduceStr(str).length === 0
}

Checks:

console.log(verifyNesting('[{{[(){}]}}[]{}{{(())}}]')) //correct
console.log(verifyNesting('[{{[(){}]}}[]{}{({())}}]')) //incorrect

Explanation:

It will recursively remove closes pairs "()", "[]" and "{}":

'[{{[(){}]}}[]{}{{(())}}]'
'[{{}}[]{}{{(())}}]'
'[{}{}{{()}}]'
'[{}{{}}]'
'[{{}}]'
'[{}]'
'' 

If at the end string's length will be empty - it's true, if not - it's false.

P.S. Few answers

  • Why not for production?

Because it's slow, and don't care about the possibility of some other characters between pairs.

  • Why JS? We love Java

Because I'm a frontend developer but met the same task, so perhaps it can be useful for somebody. And JS is also JVM lang =)

  • But why...

Because all JS developers are crazy, that's why.


This is my implementation for this question. This program allows numbers, alphabets and special characters with input string but simply ignore them while processing the string.

CODE:

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Stack;

public class StringCheck {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        boolean flag =false;
        Stack<Character> input = new Stack<Character>();
        System.out.println("Enter your String to check:");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        String sinput = scanner.nextLine();
        char[] c = new char[15];
        c = sinput.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < c.length; i++) {
            if (c[i] == '{' || c[i] == '(' || c[i] == '[')
                input.push(c[i]);
            else if (c[i] == ']') {
                if (input.pop() == '[') {
                    flag = true;
                    continue;
                } else {
                    flag = false;
                    break;
                }
            } else if (c[i] == ')') {
                if (input.pop() == '(') {
                    flag = true;
                    continue;
                } else {
                    flag = false;
                    break;
                }
            } else if (c[i] == '}') {
                if (input.pop() == '{') {
                    flag = true;
                    continue;
                } else {
                    flag = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (flag == true)
            System.out.println("Valid String");
        else
            System.out.println("Invalid String");
        scanner.close();

    }

}

package Stack;

import java.util.Stack;

public class BalancingParenthesis {

 boolean isBalanced(String s) {

    Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<Character>();

    for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {

        if (s.charAt(i) == '(' || s.charAt(i) == '{' || s.charAt(i) == '[') {

            stack.push(s.charAt(i)); // push to the stack

        }

        if (s.charAt(i) == ')' || s.charAt(i) == '}' || s.charAt(i) == ']') {

            if (stack.isEmpty()) {
                return false; // return false as there is nothing to match
            }

            Character top = stack.pop(); // to get the top element in the stack

            if (top == '(' && s.charAt(i) != ')' || top == '{' && s.charAt(i) != '}'
                    || top == '[' && s.charAt(i) != ']') {

                return false;
            }

        }

    }

    if (stack.isEmpty()) {
        return true; // check if every symbol is matched
    }

    return false; // if some symbols were unmatched
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

    BalancingParenthesis obj = new BalancingParenthesis();

    System.out.println(obj.isBalanced("()[]{}[][]"));

}

}

// Time Complexity : O(n)

Please try this.

    import java.util.Stack;

    public class PatternMatcher {
        static String[] patterns = { "{([])}", "{}[]()", "(}{}]]", "{()", "{}" };
        static String openItems = "{([";

        boolean isOpen(String sy) {
            return openItems.contains(sy);
        }

        String getOpenSymbol(String byCloseSymbol) {
            switch (byCloseSymbol) {
            case "}":
                return "{";
            case "]":
                return "[";
            case ")":
                return "(";

            default:
                return null;
            }
        }

        boolean isValid(String pattern) {

            if(pattern == null) {
                return false;
            }

            Stack<String> stack = new Stack<String>();
            char[] symbols = pattern.toCharArray();

            if (symbols.length == 0 || symbols.length % 2 != 0) {
                return false;
            }

            for (char c : symbols) {
                String symbol = Character.toString(c);
                if (isOpen(symbol)) {
                    stack.push(symbol);
                } else {
                    String openSymbol = getOpenSymbol(symbol);
                    if (stack.isEmpty() 
                            || openSymbol == null 
                            || !openSymbol.equals(stack.pop())) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            return stack.isEmpty();
        }

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            PatternMatcher patternMatcher = new PatternMatcher();

            for (String pattern : patterns) {
                boolean valid = patternMatcher.isValid(pattern);
                System.out.println(pattern + "\t" + valid);
            }
        }

    }

I hope this code can help:

import java.util.Stack;

public class BalancedParenthensies {

    public static void main(String args[]) {

        System.out.println(balancedParenthensies("{(a,b)}"));
        System.out.println(balancedParenthensies("{(a},b)"));
        System.out.println(balancedParenthensies("{)(a,b}"));
    }

    public static boolean balancedParenthensies(String s) {
        Stack<Character> stack  = new Stack<Character>();
        for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            char c = s.charAt(i);
            if(c == '[' || c == '(' || c == '{' ) {     
                stack.push(c);
            } else if(c == ']') {
                if(stack.isEmpty() || stack.pop() != '[') {
                    return false;
                }
            } else if(c == ')') {
                if(stack.isEmpty() || stack.pop() != '(') {
                    return false;
                }           
            } else if(c == '}') {
                if(stack.isEmpty() || stack.pop() != '{') {
                    return false;
                }
            }

        }
        return stack.isEmpty();
    }
}

public class StackProb {

public static void main(String[] args) {

    Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
    List<Boolean> list = new ArrayList<>();

    while (sc.hasNextLine()) {
        String s=sc.nextLine();
        if(!s.isEmpty()) {
            list.add(isBalanced(s));
            //System.out.println(isBalanced(s));
        }else {
            sc.close();
            break;
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
        System.out.println(list.get(i) + " ");
    }

}

private static boolean isBalanced(String s) {
    boolean res = false;
    Stack<Character> stack = new Stack();
    int countA = 0;
    int countB = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {

        if(s.charAt(i)=='{' || s.charAt(i)=='(' || s.charAt(i)=='[') {

            stack.push(s.charAt(i));
            countA++;
        }


        if(s.charAt(i)=='}' || s.charAt(i)==')' || s.charAt(i)==']') {

            stack.push(s.charAt(i));
            countB++;
        }

        if(stack.firstElement()=='}' || stack.firstElement()==')' || stack.firstElement()==']') {
            countB++;
        }


    }
    if(countA==countB) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;

}

}


The improved method, from @Smartoop.

public boolean balancedParenthensies(String str) {
    List<Character> leftKeys = Arrays.asList('{', '(', '<', '[');
    List<Character> rightKeys = Arrays.asList('}', ')', '>', ']');

    Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
        char c = str.charAt(i);
        if (leftKeys.contains(c)) {
            stack.push(c);
        } else if (rightKeys.contains(c)) {
            int index = rightKeys.indexOf(c);
            if (stack.isEmpty() || stack.pop() != leftKeys.get(index)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    return stack.isEmpty();
}

Code snippet for implementing matching parenthesis using java.util.Stack data structure -

    //map for storing matching parenthesis pairs
    private static final Map<Character, Character> matchingParenMap = new HashMap<>();

    //set for storing opening parenthesis
    private static final Set<Character> openingParenSet = new HashSet<>();

    static {
         matchingParenMap.put(')','(');
         matchingParenMap.put(']','['); 
         matchingParenMap.put('}','{'); 
         openingParenSet.addAll(matchingParenMap.values());  
    }

    //check if parenthesis match
    public static boolean hasMatchingParen(String input) {
      try {
         //stack to store opening parenthesis
         Stack<Character> parenStack = new Stack<>();

         for(int i=0; i< input.length(); i++) {
            char ch = input.charAt(i);

            //if an opening parenthesis then push to the stack
            if(openingParenSet.contains(ch)) {
                 parenStack.push(ch);
            } 

            //for closing parenthesis
            if(matchingParenMap.containsKey(ch)) {
                 Character lastParen = parenStack.pop();
                 if(lastParen != matchingParenMap.get(ch)) {
                    return false;
                 } 
            }
         }

         //returns true if the stack is empty else false
         return parenStack.isEmpty();
       }
         catch(StackOverflowException s) {}
         catch(StackUnderflowException s1) {}
         return false;
    }

I have explained the code snippet and the algorithm used on blog http://hetalrachh.home.blog/2019/12/25/stack-data-structure/


import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Stack;

public class BalanceBrackets {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String input="(a{[d]}b)";
        System.out.println(isBalance(input));  ;
    }

    private static boolean isBalance(String input) {
        Stack <Character> stackFixLength = new Stack();

        if(input == null || input.length() < 2) {
            throw  new IllegalArgumentException("in-valid arguments");
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {

            if (input.charAt(i) == '(' || input.charAt(i) == '{' || input.charAt(i) == '[') {
                stackFixLength.push(input.charAt(i));
            }

            if (input.charAt(i) == ')' || input.charAt(i) == '}' || input.charAt(i) == ']') {

                if(stackFixLength.empty()) return false;

                char b = stackFixLength.pop();

                if (input.charAt(i) == ')' && b == '(' || input.charAt(i) == '}' && b == '{' || input.charAt(i) == ']' && b == '[') {
                    continue;
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }

        return stackFixLength.isEmpty();
    }
}

Using node reference we can check easily

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;



public class CloseBracketsBalance {
    private static final Map<String, String> closeBracket= new HashMap<>();
    private static final List<String> allBrac = new ArrayList<>();

    static {
        allBrac.add("[");
        allBrac.add("]");
        allBrac.add("{");
        allBrac.add("}");
        allBrac.add("(");
        allBrac.add(")");
        closeBracket.put("]", "[");
        closeBracket.put("}", "{");
        closeBracket.put(")", "(");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(checkSheetIsbalance("[{}({[]{}(dsfd)})]")); // return true
        System.out.println(checkSheetIsbalance("[{}({[]{}(dsfd}))]")); // return false
    }

    public static boolean checkSheetIsbalance(String c) {
        char[] charArr = c.toCharArray();
        Node node = null;
        for(int i=0,j=charArr.length;i<j;i++) {
            String ch = charArr[i]+"";
            if(!allBrac.contains(ch)) {
                continue;
            }

            if(closeBracket.containsKey(ch)) {
                // node close bracket               
                if(node == null) {
                    return false;
                }
                if(!(node.nodeElement).equals(closeBracket.get(ch))) {
                    return false;
                }
                node = node.parent; 
            } else {
                //make node for open bracket                
                 node = new Node(ch, node);
            }
        }       

        if(node != null) {
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }
}


class Node {
    public String nodeElement;
    public Node parent;
    public Node(String el, Node p) {
        this.nodeElement = el;
        this.parent = p;
    }
}

I call this brute force type approach we are replacing every () or {} or [] from the string with "" so therefore length of String is decreasing and if length of String doesn't change then i am simply breaking the loop otherwise if length of String gets down to 0 then it means everything in String is balanced otherwise not.

public class Question{
public static void main(String[] args) {
    String target="{ [ ( ) ] }",target2="( ) [ ] { }",target3="[ ( ) ] ( ( ) )",target4="( { [ )";
    target=target.replaceAll(" ","");
    target2=target2.replaceAll(" ", "");
    target3=target3.replaceAll(" ", "");
    target4=target4.replaceAll(" ", "");
    System.out.println(CheckExp(target));
    System.out.println(CheckExp(target2));
    System.out.println(CheckExp(target3));
    System.out.println(CheckExp(target4));
}
public static Boolean CheckExp(String target) {
    boolean flag = false;
    if (target.length() < 2 || target.length()%2!=0 ) {
        return flag;
    }
    int first,last;
    while(true) {
        first=target.length();
            target = target.replace("()", "");
            target = target.replace("{}","");
            target = target.replace("[]","");
            last=target.length();
            if(first==last)
                break;
            flag= target.length() == 0;
    }
    return flag;
}

}


///check Parenthesis
public boolean isValid(String s) {
    Map<Character, Character> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put('(', ')');
    map.put('[', ']');
    map.put('{', '}');
    Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<>();
    for(char c : s.toCharArray()){
        if(map.containsKey(c)){
            stack.push(c);
        } else if(!stack.empty() && map.get(stack.peek())==c){
            stack.pop();
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return stack.empty();
}

This is my own implementation. I tried to make it the shortest an clearest way possible:

public static boolean isBraceBalanced(String braces) {
    Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<Character>();

    for(char c : braces.toCharArray()) {
        if(c == '(' || c == '[' || c == '{') {
            stack.push(c);
        } else if((c == ')' && (stack.isEmpty() || stack.pop() != '(')) ||
                  (c == ']' && (stack.isEmpty() || stack.pop() != '[')) ||
                  (c == '}' && (stack.isEmpty() || stack.pop() != '{'))) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    return stack.isEmpty();
}

Similar to one of the code above in JAVA but It needs one more else statement added in order to avoid stack comparison with characters other than braces :

else if(bracketPair.containsValue(strExpression.charAt(i)))

public boolean isBalanced(String strExpression){
 Map<Character,Character> bracketPair = new HashMap<Character,Character>();
  bracketPair.put('(', ')');
  bracketPair.put('[', ']');
  bracketPair.put('{', '}');
  Stack<Character> stk = new Stack<Character>();
        for(int i =0;i<strExpression.length();i++){
            if(bracketPair.containsKey(strExpression.charAt(i)))
                stk.push(strExpression.charAt(i));
            else if(bracketPair.containsValue(strExpression.charAt(i))) 
                if(stk.isEmpty()||bracketPair.get(stk.pop())!=strExpression.charAt(i))
                return false;
        }

        if(stk.isEmpty())
            return true;
            else
                return false;
        }

public static boolean isBalanced(String expression) {
  if ((expression.length() % 2) == 1) return false;
  else {
    Stack<Character> s = new Stack<>();
    for (char bracket : expression.toCharArray())
      switch (bracket) {
        case '{': s.push('}'); break;
        case '(': s.push(')'); break;
        case '[': s.push(']'); break;
        default :
          if (s.isEmpty() || bracket != s.peek()) { return false;}
          s.pop();
      }
    return s.isEmpty();
  }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
    String expression = in.nextLine();
    boolean answer = isBalanced(expression);
    if (answer) { System.out.println("YES");}
    else { System.out.println("NO");}

}

A slightly different approach I took to solve this problem, I have observed two key points in this problem.

  1. Open braces should be accompanied always with corresponding closed braces.
  2. Different Open braces are allowed together but not different closed braces.

So I converted these points into easy-to-implement and understandable format.

  1. I represented different braces with different numbers
  2. Gave positive sign to open braces and negative sign for closed braces.

For Example : "{ } ( ) [ ]" will be "1 -1 2 -2 3 -3" is valid parenthesis. For a balanced parenthesis, positives can be adjacent where as a negative number should be of positive number in top of the stack.

Below is code:

import java.util.Stack;

public class Main {
    public static void main (String [] args)
    {
        String value = "()(){}{}{()}";
        System.out.println(Main.balancedParanthesis(value));
       
    }

public static boolean balancedParanthesis(String s) {
        
        
        
        char[] charArray=s.toCharArray();
        
        int[] integerArray=new int[charArray.length];
        
        
        // creating braces with equivalent numeric values
        for(int i=0;i<charArray.length;i++) {
            
            if(charArray[i]=='{') {
                integerArray[i]=1;
            }
            else if(charArray[i]=='}') {
                integerArray[i]=-1;
            }
            else if(charArray[i]=='[') {
                integerArray[i]=2;
            }
            else if(charArray[i]==']') {
                integerArray[i]=-2;
            }
            else if(charArray[i]=='(') {
                integerArray[i]=3;
            }
            else  {
                integerArray[i]=-3;
            }
        }
        
        Stack<Integer> stack=new Stack<Integer>();
        
        for(int i=0;i<charArray.length;i++) {
            
            if(stack.isEmpty()) {
                if(integerArray[i]<0) {
                    stack.push(integerArray[i]);
                    break;
            }
                    stack.push(integerArray[i]);
            }
            else{
                if(integerArray[i]>0) {
                    stack.push(integerArray[i]);
                }
                else {
                    if(stack.peek()==-(integerArray[i])) {
                        stack.pop();
                    }
                    else {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return stack.isEmpty();
    }
}

The pseudo code equivalent java implementation of the algorithm is java is as follows.

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Stack;

/**
 * @author Yogen Rai
 */

public class BalancedBraces
{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(isBalanced("{{}}") ? "YES" : "NO"); // YES
        System.out.println(isBalanced("{{}(") ? "YES" : "NO"); // NO 
        System.out.println(isBalanced("{()}") ? "YES" : "NO"); // YES 
        System.out.println(isBalanced("}{{}}") ? "YES" : "NO"); // NO
    }

    public static boolean isBalanced(String brackets) {
        // set matching pairs
        Map<Character, Character> braces = new HashMap<>();
        braces.put('(', ')');
        braces.put('[',']');
        braces.put('{','}');

        // if length of string is odd, then it is not balanced
        if (brackets.length() % 2 != 0) {
            return false;
        }

        // travel half until openings are found and compare with
        // remaining if the closings matches
        Stack<Character> halfBraces = new Stack();
        for(char ch: brackets.toCharArray()) {
            if (braces.containsKey(ch)) {
                halfBraces.push(braces.get(ch));
            }
            // if stack is empty or if closing bracket is not equal to top of stack,
            // then braces are not balanced
            else if(halfBraces.isEmpty() || ch != halfBraces.pop()) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return halfBraces.isEmpty();
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("is balanced : "+isBalanced("(){}[]<>"));
    System.out.println("is balanced : "+isBalanced("({})[]<>"));
    System.out.println("is balanced : "+isBalanced("({[]})<>"));
    System.out.println("is balanced : "+isBalanced("({[<>]})"));
    System.out.println("is balanced : "+isBalanced("({})[<>]"));


    System.out.println("is balanced : "+isBalanced("({[}])[<>]"));
    System.out.println("is balanced : "+isBalanced("([{})]"));
    System.out.println("is balanced : "+isBalanced("[({}])"));
    System.out.println("is balanced : "+isBalanced("[(<{>})]"));

    System.out.println("is balanced : "+isBalanced("["));
    System.out.println("is balanced : "+isBalanced("]"));

    System.out.println("is balanced : "+isBalanced("asdlsa"));
}

private static boolean isBalanced(String brackets){
    char[] bracketsArray = brackets.toCharArray();
    Stack<Character> stack = new Stack<Character>();
    Map<Character, Character> openingClosingMap = initOpeningClosingMap();

    for (char bracket : bracketsArray) {
        if(openingClosingMap.keySet().contains(bracket)){ 
            stack.push(bracket);
        }else if(openingClosingMap.values().contains(bracket)){
            if(stack.isEmpty() || openingClosingMap.get(stack.pop())!=bracket){
                return false;
            }
        }else{
            System.out.println("Only  < > ( ) { } [ ] brackets  are allowed .");
            return false;
        }
    }
    return stack.isEmpty();
}

private static Map<Character, Character> initOpeningClosingMap() {
    Map<Character, Character> openingClosingMap = new HashMap<Character, Character>();
    openingClosingMap.put(Character.valueOf('('), Character.valueOf(')'));
    openingClosingMap.put(Character.valueOf('{'), Character.valueOf('}'));
    openingClosingMap.put(Character.valueOf('['), Character.valueOf(']'));
    openingClosingMap.put(Character.valueOf('<'), Character.valueOf('>'));
    return openingClosingMap;
}

Simplifying and making readable. Using One Map only and minimum conditions to get desired result.


static void checkBalanceParan(String s){
Stack<Character>stk=new Stack<>();

int i=0;
int size=s.length();
while(i<size){
    if(s.charAt(i)=='{'||s.charAt(i)=='('||s.charAt(i)=='['){
        stk.push(s.charAt(i));
        i++;
    }
    else if(s.charAt(i)=='}'&&!stk.empty()&&stk.peek()=='{'){
            int x=stk.pop();
            i++;
    }else if(s.charAt(i)==')'&&!stk.empty()&&stk.peek()=='(')
        {
        int x=stk.pop();
        i++;
        }
    else if(s.charAt(i)==']'&&!stk.empty()&&stk.peek()=='['){
        int x=stk.pop();
        i++;
}
    else{
    System.out.println("not Balanced");
        return;
        }
    }
System.out.println("Balanced");}