For existing jobs you're editing, the JDK drop-down choice may not be available if you've just added a single JDK config in the 'Configure System' Jenkins settings.
However, it is available for new jobs.
Surprisingly, if you add a second JDK config, it becomes available in an existing job too.
This looks to me like a bug (tested in Jenkins ver. 1.629).
See a similar issue raised here: JDK selection is hidden even when a JDK is configured