How to show all shared libraries used by executables in Linux

Question

I d like to know which libraries are used by executables on my system  More specifically  I d like to rank which libraries are used the most  along with the binaries that use them  How can I do this

User · Answer

With ldd you can get the libraries that tools use  To rank the usage of libraries for a set of tool you can use something like the following command   ldd  bin    usr bin         sed -e       t   d  s   t       gt                     2 g    sort   uniq -c    Here sed strips all lines that do not start with a tab and the filters out only the actual libraries  With sort   uniq -c you get each library with a count indicating the number of times it occurred    You might want to add sort -g at the end to get the libraries in order of usage   Note that you probably get lines two non-library lines with the above command  One of static executables   not a dynamic executable   and one without any library  The latter is the result of linux-gate so 1 which is not a library in your file system but one  supplied  by the kernel

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On Linux I use   lsof -P -T -p Application PID   This works better than ldd when the executable uses a non default loader

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On OS X by default there is no ldd  objdump or lsof  As an alternative  try otool -L     otool -L  which openssl   usr bin openssl       usr lib libcrypto 0 9 8 dylib  compatibility version 0 9 8  current version 0 9 8       usr lib libssl 0 9 8 dylib  compatibility version 0 9 8  current version 0 9 8       usr lib libSystem B dylib  compatibility version 1 0 0  current version 1213 0 0    In this example  using which openssl fills in the fully qualified path for the given executable and current user environment

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I didn t have ldd on my ARM toolchain so I used objdump     CROSS COMPILE objdump -p   For instance   objdump -p  usr bin python   Dynamic Section    NEEDED               libpthread so 0   NEEDED               libdl so 2   NEEDED               libutil so 1   NEEDED               libssl so 1 0 0   NEEDED               libcrypto so 1 0 0   NEEDED               libz so 1   NEEDED               libm so 6   NEEDED               libc so 6   INIT                 0x0000000000416a98   FINI                 0x000000000053c058   GNU HASH             0x0000000000400298   STRTAB               0x000000000040c858   SYMTAB               0x0000000000402aa8   STRSZ                0x0000000000006cdb   SYMENT               0x0000000000000018   DEBUG                0x0000000000000000   PLTGOT               0x0000000000832fe8   PLTRELSZ             0x0000000000002688   PLTREL               0x0000000000000007   JMPREL               0x0000000000414410   RELA                 0x0000000000414398   RELASZ               0x0000000000000078   RELAENT              0x0000000000000018   VERNEED              0x0000000000414258   VERNEEDNUM           0x0000000000000008   VERSYM               0x0000000000413534

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readelf -d recursion  redelf -d produces similar output to objdump -p which was mentioned at  https   stackoverflow com a 15520982 895245  But beware that dynamic libraries can depend on other dynamic libraries  to you have to recurse    Example   readelf -d  bin ls   grep  NEEDED    Sample ouptut    0x0000000000000001  NEEDED              Shared library   libselinux so 1   0x0000000000000001  NEEDED              Shared library   libacl so 1   0x0000000000000001  NEEDED              Shared library   libc so 6    Then     locate libselinux so 1  lib i386-linux-gnu libselinux so 1  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libselinux so 1  mnt debootstrap lib x86 64-linux-gnu libselinux so 1   Choose one  and repeat   readelf -d  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libselinux so 1   grep  NEEDED    Sample output   0x0000000000000001  NEEDED              Shared library   libpcre so 3  0x0000000000000001  NEEDED              Shared library   libdl so 2  0x0000000000000001  NEEDED              Shared library   libc so 6  0x0000000000000001  NEEDED              Shared library   ld-linux-x86-64 so 2    And so on    proc  lt pid gt  maps for running processes  This is useful to find all the libraries currently being used by running executables  E g    sudo awk     so  print  6    proc 1 maps   sort -u   shows all currently loaded dynamic dependencies of init  PID 1     lib x86 64-linux-gnu ld-2 23 so  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libapparmor so 1 4 0  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libaudit so 1 0 0  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libblkid so 1 1 0  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libc-2 23 so  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libcap so 2 24  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libdl-2 23 so  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libkmod so 2 3 0  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libmount so 1 1 0  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libpam so 0 83 1  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libpcre so 3 13 2  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libpthread-2 23 so  lib x86 64-linux-gnu librt-2 23 so  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libseccomp so 2 2 3  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libselinux so 1  lib x86 64-linux-gnu libuuid so 1 3 0   This method also shows libraries opened with dlopen  tested with this minimal setup hacked up with a sleep 1000  on Ubuntu 18 04   See also  https   superuser com questions 310199 see-currently-loaded-shared-objects-in-linux 1243089

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on ubuntu print packages related to an executable  ldd executable name awk   print  3   xargs dpkg -S  awk -F         print  1

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If you don t care about the path to the executable file - ldd  which  lt executable gt     back quotes  not single quotes

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Check shared library dependencies of a program executable  To find out what libraries a particular executable depends on  you can use ldd command  This command invokes dynamic linker to find out library dependencies of an executable       ldd  path to program  Note that it is NOT recommended to run ldd with any untrusted third-party executable because some versions of ldd may directly invoke the executable to identify its library dependencies  which can be security risk   Instead  a safer way to show library dependencies of an unknown application binary is to use the following command        objdump -p  path to program   grep NEEDED   for more info

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Use ldd to list shared libraries for each executable  Cleanup the output Sort  compute counts  sort by count   To find the answer for all executables in the   bin  directory   find  bin -type f -perm  a x -exec ldd           grep so     sed -e       t   d      sed -e  s  t        sed -e  s              sed -e  s   0           sort     uniq -c     sort -n   Change   bin  above to     to search all directories   Output  for just the  bin directory  will look something like this     1  lib64 libexpat so 0   1  lib64 libgcc s so 1   1  lib64 libnsl so 1   1  lib64 libpcre so 0   1  lib64 libproc-3 2 7 so   1  usr lib64 libbeecrypt so 6   1  usr lib64 libbz2 so 1   1  usr lib64 libelf so 1   1  usr lib64 libpopt so 0   1  usr lib64 librpm-4 4 so   1  usr lib64 librpmdb-4 4 so   1  usr lib64 librpmio-4 4 so   1  usr lib64 libsqlite3 so 0   1  usr lib64 libstdc   so 6   1  usr lib64 libz so 1   2  lib64 libasound so 2   2  lib64 libblkid so 1   2  lib64 libdevmapper so 1 02   2  lib64 libpam misc so 0   2  lib64 libpam so 0   2  lib64 libuuid so 1   3  lib64 libaudit so 0   3  lib64 libcrypt so 1   3  lib64 libdbus-1 so 3   4  lib64 libresolv so 2   4  lib64 libtermcap so 2   5  lib64 libacl so 1   5  lib64 libattr so 1   5  lib64 libcap so 1   6  lib64 librt so 1   7  lib64 libm so 6   9  lib64 libpthread so 0  13  lib64 libselinux so 1  13  lib64 libsepol so 1  22  lib64 libdl so 2  83  lib64 ld-linux-x86-64 so 2  83  lib64 libc so 6   Edit - Removed  grep -P

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I found this post very helpful as I needed to investigate dependencies from a 3rd party supplied library  32 vs 64 bit execution path s     I put together a Q amp D recursing bash script based on the  readelf -d  suggestion on a RHEL 6 distro   It is very basic and will test every dependency every time even if it might have been tested before  i e very verbose   Output is very basic too       bin bash  recurse      Param 1 is the nuumber of spaces that the output will be prepended with   Param 2 full path to library    Use  readelf -d  to find dependencies dependencies   readelf -d   2    grep NEEDED   awk    print  5      tr -d       for d in  dependencies  do    echo    1   d      nm   d          libstdc   hack for the    -s    nm1   nm                  lib  lib64  usr lib and  usr lib are searched    children   locate   d    grep -E      lib lib64 usr lib usr lib64    nm1        rc        at least locate    didn t fail    if     rc      0      then        we have at least one dependency       if      children     -gt 0    then           check the dependeny s dependencies          for c in  children  do           recurse      1     c           done       else          echo    1 no children found        fi    else       echo    1 locate failed for   d      fi done     Q amp D -- recurse needs 2 params could should be supplied from cmdline recurse      full path to library you want to investigate     redirect the output to a file and grep for  found  or  failed   Use and modify  at your own risk of course  as you wish

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One more option can be just read the file located at   proc  lt pid gt  maps   For example is the process id is 2601 then the command is  cat  proc 2601 maps   And the output is like  7fb37a8f2000-7fb37a8f4000 r-xp 00000000 08 06 4065647                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu libproxy 0 4 15 modules network networkmanager so 7fb37a8f4000-7fb37aaf3000 ---p 00002000 08 06 4065647                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu libproxy 0 4 15 modules network networkmanager so 7fb37aaf3000-7fb37aaf4000 r--p 00001000 08 06 4065647                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu libproxy 0 4 15 modules network networkmanager so 7fb37aaf4000-7fb37aaf5000 rw-p 00002000 08 06 4065647                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu libproxy 0 4 15 modules network networkmanager so 7fb37aaf5000-7fb37aafe000 r-xp 00000000 08 06 4065646                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu libproxy 0 4 15 modules config gnome3 so 7fb37aafe000-7fb37acfd000 ---p 00009000 08 06 4065646                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu libproxy 0 4 15 modules config gnome3 so 7fb37acfd000-7fb37acfe000 r--p 00008000 08 06 4065646                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu libproxy 0 4 15 modules config gnome3 so 7fb37acfe000-7fb37acff000 rw-p 00009000 08 06 4065646                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu libproxy 0 4 15 modules config gnome3 so 7fb37acff000-7fb37ad1d000 r-xp 00000000 08 06 3416761                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu libproxy so 1 0 0 7fb37ad1d000-7fb37af1d000 ---p 0001e000 08 06 3416761                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu libproxy so 1 0 0 7fb37af1d000-7fb37af1e000 r--p 0001e000 08 06 3416761                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu libproxy so 1 0 0 7fb37af1e000-7fb37af1f000 rw-p 0001f000 08 06 3416761                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu libproxy so 1 0 0 7fb37af1f000-7fb37af21000 r-xp 00000000 08 06 4065186                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu gio modules libgiolibproxy so 7fb37af21000-7fb37b121000 ---p 00002000 08 06 4065186                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu gio modules libgiolibproxy so 7fb37b121000-7fb37b122000 r--p 00002000 08 06 4065186                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu gio modules libgiolibproxy so 7fb37b122000-7fb37b123000 rw-p 00003000 08 06 4065186                     usr lib x86 64-linux-gnu gio modules libgiolibproxy so

User · Answer

to learn what libraries a binary uses  use ldd  ldd path to the tool   You d have to write a little shell script to get to your system-wide breakdown

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On UNIX system  suppose binary  executable  name is test  Then we use the following command to list the libraries used in the test is  ldd test

[linux] How to show all shared libraries used by executables in Linux?

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