Get started with Latex on Linux

Question

Impressed by is-latex-worth-learning-today  and many how-to s on Windows   How do you have someone started with LaTeX on Linux   How do you generate a pdf out of it and give up the OOO Word processer   Update    Thanks to all the suggestions given in here  I was able to create an awesome ppt using the Beamer class  http   github com becomingGuru gids-django-ppt  I found this approach too far better than using powerpoint and the like   Those interested may checkout the TEX file  with many custom commands and the corresponding presentation

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I would recommend start using Lyx  with that you can use Latex just as easy as OOO-Writer  It gives you the possibility to step into Latex deeper by manually adding Latex-Code to your Document   PDF is just one klick away after installatioin  Lyx is cross-plattform

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To get started with LaTeX on Linux  you re going to need to install a couple of packages    You re going to need a LaTeX distribution   This is the collection of programs that comprise the  La TeX computer typesetting system   The standard LaTeX distribution on Unix systems used to be teTeX  but it has been superceded by TeX Live   Most Linux distributions have installation packages for TeX Live--see  for example  the package database entries for Ubuntu and Fedora  You will probably want to install a LaTeX editor   Standard Linux text editors will work fine  in particular  Emacs has a nice package of  La TeX editing macros called AUCTeX   Specialized LaTeX editors also exist  of those  Kile  KDE Integrated LaTeX Environment  is particularly nice  You will probably want a LaTeX tutorial   The classic tutorial is  A  Not So  Short Introduction to LaTeX2e   but nowadays the LaTeX wikibook might be a better choice

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It depends on your Linux distibution and your preference of editors etc  but I would recommend to start with Kile  a KDE app  as it is easy to learn and installing it should install most of the needed packages for LaTex and PDF generation  Just have a look at the screenshots

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First you ll need to Install it   If you re using a distro which packages LaTeX  almost all will do  then look for texlive or tetex   TeX Live is the newer of the two  and is replacing tetex on most distributions now   If you re using Debian or Ubuntu  something like   lt code gt apt-get install texlive lt  code gt     will get it installed  RedHat or CentOS need   lt code gt yum install tetex lt  code gt   Note   This needs root permissions  so either use su to switch user to root  or prefix the commands with sudo  if you aren t already logged in as the root user  Next you ll need to get a text editor   Any editor will do  so whatever you are comfortable with   You ll find that advanced editors like Emacs  and vim  add a lot of functionality and so will help with ensuring that your syntax is correct before you try and build your document output  Create a file called test tex and put some content in it  say the example from the LaTeX primer   documentclass a4paper 12pt  article   begin document   The foundations of the rigorous study of  emph analysis  were laid in the nineteenth century  notably by the mathematicians Cauchy and Weierstrass  Central to the study of this subject are the formal definitions of  emph limits  and  emph continuity    Let  D  be a subset of   bf R  and let  f  colon D  to  mathbf R   be a real-valued function on  D   The function  f  is said to be  emph continuous  on  D  if  for all   epsilon  gt  0  and for all  x  in D   there exists some   delta  gt  0   which may depend on  x   such that if  y  in D  satisfies     y - x   lt   delta    then     f y  - f x    lt   epsilon      One may readily verify that if  f  and  g  are continuous functions on  D  then the functions  f g    f-g  and  f g  are continuous  If in addition  g  is everywhere non-zero then  f g  is continuous    end document   Once you ve got this file you ll need to run latex on it to produce some output  as a  dvi file to start with  which is possible to convert to many other formats   latex test tex  This will print a bunch of output  something like this    gt  latex test tex  This is pdfeTeX  Version 3 141592-1 21a-2 2  Web2C 7 5 4  entering extended mode    test tex LaTeX2e  amp lt 2003 12 01 amp gt  Babel  amp lt v3 8d amp gt  and hyphenation patterns for american  french  german  ngerman  b ahasa  basque  bulgarian  catalan  croatian  czech  danish  dutch  esperanto  e stonian  finnish  greek  icelandic  irish  italian  latin  magyar  norsk  polis h  portuges  romanian  russian  serbian  slovak  slovene  spanish  swedish  tur kish  ukrainian  nohyphenation  loaded    usr share texmf tex latex base article cls Document Class  article 2004 02 16 v1 4f Standard LaTeX document class   usr share texmf tex latex base size12 clo   No file test aux   1     test aux    Output written on test dvi  1 page  1508 bytes   Transcript written on test log     don t worry about most of this output -- the important part is the Output written on test dvi line  which says that it was successful  Now you need to view the output file with xdvi  xdvi test dvi  amp   This will pop up a window with the beautifully formatted output in it   Hit  q  to quit this  or you can leave it open and it will automatically update when the test dvi file is modified  so whenever you run latex to update the output   To produce a PDF of this you simply run pdflatex instead of latex  pdflatex test tex    and you ll have a test pdf file created instead of the test dvi file  After this is all working fine  I would suggest going to the LaTeX primer page and running through the items on there as you need features for documents you want to write  Future things to consider include   Use tools such as xfig or dia to create diagrams   These can be easily inserted into your documents in a variety of formats   Note that if you are creating PDFs then you shouldn t use EPS  encapsulated postscript  for images -- use pdf exported from your diagram editor if possible  or you can use the epstopdf package to automatically convert from  e ps to pdf for figures included with  includegraphics   Start using version control on your documents   This seems excessive at first  but being able to go back and look at earlier versions when you are writing something large can be extremely useful   Use make to run latex for you   When you start on having bibliographies  images and other more complex uses of latex you ll find that you need to run it over multiple files or multiple times  the first time updates the references  and the second puts references into the document  so they can be out-of-date unless you run latex twice       Abstracting this into a makefile can save a lot of time and effort   Use a better editor   Something like Emacs   AUCTeX is highly competent   This is of course a highly subjective subject  so I ll leave it at that  that and that Emacs is clearly the best option

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LaTeX comes with most Linux distributions in the form of the teTeX distribution   Find all packages with  teTeX  in the name and install them    Most editors such as vim or emacs come with TeX editing modes   You can also get WYSIWIG-ish front-ends  technically WYSIWYM   of which perhaps the best known is LyX  The best quick intro to LaTeX is Oetiker s  The not so short intro to LaTeX  LaTeX works like a compiler   You compile the LaTeX document  which can include other files   which generates a file called a  dvi  device independent    This can be post-processed to various formats  including PDF  with various post-processors  To do PDF  use dvips and use the flag -PPDF  IIRC - I don t have a makefile to hand  to produce a PS with font rendering set up for conversion to pdf   PDF conversion can then be done with ps2pdf or distiller  if you have this   The best format for including graphics in this environment is eps  Encapsulated Postscript  although not all software produces well-behaved postscript   Photographs in jpeg or other formats can be included using various mechanisms

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yum -y install texlive   was not enough for my centos distro to get the latex command   This site https   gist github com melvincabatuan 350f86611bc012a5c1c6  contains additional packages  In particular   yum -y install texlive texlive-latex texlive-xetex   was enough but the author also points out these as well   yum -y install texlive-collection-latex yum -y install texlive-collection-latexrecommended yum -y install texlive-xetex-def yum -y install texlive-collection-xetex   Only if needed   yum -y install texlive-collection-latexextra

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If you use Ubuntu or Debian  I made a tutorial easy to follow  Install LaTeX on Ubuntu or Debian  This tutorial explains how to install LaTeX and how to create your first PDF

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I would personally use a complete editing package such as    TexWorks TexStudio   Then I would install  MikTeX  as the compiling package  which allows you to generate a PDF from your document  using the pdfLaTeX compiler

[linux] Get started with Latex on Linux

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