What are these M s that keep showing up in my files in emacs

Question

So I think it may have to do with textmate  but we work in a small team and are having some issues with full-file conflicts of nearly identical files in git because each line of one branch has a  M appended to it   What is this mysterious  M character supposed to do  and where could it be coming from    Our developers use emacs on Windows Mac  TextMate on Mac  coda on Mac  and occasionally the wp-admin text editor   Anybody ever have this issue stemming from one of those

User · Answer

I m using Android Studio  JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA  on Mac OS and my problem was that  M started to show up in some files in my pull request on GitHub  What worked for me was changing line separator for a file   Open the desired file in the editor go to File go to Line Separators then choose the best option for you  for me it was LF - Unix and OS X  n     According to the next article this problem is a result of confused line endings between operating systems  http   jonathonstaff com blog issues-with-line-endings   And more information you can find here  https   www jetbrains com help idea configuring-line-separators html d84378e48

User · Answer

To make the  M disappear in git  type   git config --global core whitespace cr-at-eol   Credits  https   lostechies com keithdahlby 2011 04 06 windows-git-tip-hide-carriage-return-in-diff

User · Answer

instead of query-replace you may also use M-x delete-trailing-whitespace

User · Answer

As everyone has mentioned   It s different line ending style  MacOSX uses Unix line endings - i e  LF  line feed    Windows uses both CR  carriage return   amp  LF  line feed  as a line ending   Since you re using both windows and mac thats where the problem stems from   If you create a file in windows and then bring it onto the mac you might see these  M characters at the end of the lines   If you want to remove them you can do this very easily in emacs   Just highlight and copy the  M character and do a query-replace  M with  and you e done   EDIT  Some other links that may be of help  http   xahlee org emacs emacs adv tips html  This one helps you configure emacs to use a particular type of line-ending style   http   www emacswiki org emacs EndOfLineTips

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Pot the following in your    emacs  or eqiuvalent    defun dos2unix       Replace DOS eolns CR LF with Unix eolns CR     interactive       goto-char  point-min          while  search-forward   r  nil t   replace-match         and then you would be able to simply use M-x dos2unix

User · Answer

They have to do with the difference between DOS style line endings and Unix style   Check out the Wikipedia article   You may be able to find a dos2unix tool to help  or simply write a small script to fix them yourself   Edit  I found the following Python sample code here   string replace  str    r

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M at the end of line in Emacs is indicating a carriage return   r  followed by a line feed   n    You ll often see this if one person edits files on Windows  where end of line is the combination of carriage return and newline characters  and you edit in Unix or Linux  where end of line is only a newline character    The combination of characters is usually not harmful   If you re using source control  you may be able to configure the text file checkin format so that lines are magically adjusted for you   Alternatively  you may be able to use checkin and checkout triggers that will automatically  fix  the files for you   Or  you might just use a tool like dos2unix to manually adjust things

User · Answer

If you don t have dos2unix utility installed on your system  you can create your own to get rid of Windows endline characters   vi   dos2unix bash    with the following content     bin bash tr -d   r   lt   1  gt  repl tmp mv -f repl tmp  1   In your    bashrc  add the line   alias  dos2unix   dos2unix bash    Applying   dos2unix file from PC txt   will remove  M characters at lines ends in file from PC txt  You can check if you have those or not by using cat   cat -v file from PC txt

User · Answer

See also   Hiding  M in emacs  Be careful if you choose to remove the  M characters and resubmit to your team  They may see a file without carriage returns afterward

User · Answer

In git-config  set core autocrlf to true to make git automatically convert line endings correctly for your platform  e g  run this command for a global setting   git config --global core autocrlf true

User · Answer

M is 0x0d  i e  the carriage return character  If your display looks like   line 1 M line 2 M   then the file must have come from Windows because the standard newline sequence on Windows is CR LF  0x0d 0x0a  whereas the standard newline sequence consists solely of LF on Unices   If the file had come from a Mac OS 9 or earlier system  you would see it as   line 1 Mline 2 M   because there would be no line feeds following the carriage returns

User · Answer

The solution for me was to use the following elisp function found in this Emacs Wiki Article     defun dos2unix           Not exactly but it s easier to remember         interactive         set-buffer-file-coding-system  unix  t      Execute the function M-x dos2unix on the buffer and save the file  all  M will disappear

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I ran into this issue a while back   The  M represents a Carriage Return  and searching on Ctrl-Q Ctrl-M  This creates a literal  M  will allow you get a handle on this character within Emacs   I did something along these lines   M-x replace-string  ENTER  C-q C-m  ENTER   n  ENTER

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One of the most straightforward ways of gettings rid of  Ms with just an emacs command one-liner      C-x h C-u M-  dos2unix      Analysis      C-x h  select current buffer     C-u  apply following command as a filter  redirecting its output to replace current buffer     M-  dos2unix  performs  dos2unix   current buffer    nix platforms have the dos2unix utility out-of-the-box  including Mac  with brew   Under Windows  it is widely available too  MSYS2  Cygwin  user-contributed  among others

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Someone is not converting their line-ending characters correctly   I assume it s the Windows folk as they love their CRLF  Unix loves LF and Mac loved CR until it was shown the Unix way

[git] What are these ^M's that keep showing up in my files in emacs?

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