HTML 5 Is it br br or br

Question

I ve tried checking other answers  but I m still confused     especially after seeing W3schools HTML 5 reference   I thought HTML 4 01 was supposed to  allow  single-tags to just be  lt img gt  and  lt br gt   Then XHTML came along with  lt img   gt  and  lt br   gt   where someone said that the space is there for older browsers    Now I m wondering how I m supposed to format my code when practicing HTML 5    Is it  lt br gt    lt br  gt  or  lt br   gt

User · Answer

lt br gt  works just fine in HTML5  HTML5 allows a little more leeway than XHTML

User · Answer

The elements without having end tags are called as empty tags  In html 4 and html 5  end tags are not required and can be omitted    In xhtml  tags are so strict  That means must start with start tag and end with end tag

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lt br gt  and  lt br  gt  render differently  Some browsers interpret  lt br  gt  as  lt br gt  lt  br gt  and insert two line breaks

User · Answer

In HTML  lt br gt  and in XHTML  lt br  gt    I will suggest you to use  lt br  gt

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XML requires all tags to have a corresponding closing tag  So there is a special short-hand syntax for tags without inner contents   HTML5 is not XML  so it should not pose such a requirement  Neither is HTML 4 01   For instance  in HTML5 specs  all examples with br tag use  lt br gt  syntax  not  lt br  gt    UPD Actually   lt br  gt  is permitted in HTML5  9 1 2 1  7

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Simply  lt br gt  is sufficient   The other forms are there for compatibility with XHTML  to make it possible to write the same code as XHTML  and have it also work as HTML  Some systems that generate HTML may be based on XML generators  and thus do not have the ability to output just a bare  lt br gt  tag  if you re using such a system  it s fine to use  lt br  gt   it s just not necessary if you don t need to do it   Very few people actually use XHTML  however  You need to serve your content as application xhtml xml for it to be interpreted as XHTML  and that will not work in old versions of IE - it will also mean that any small error you make will prevent your page from being displayed in browsers that do support XHTML  So  most of what looks like XHTML on the web is actually being served  and interpreted  as HTML  See Serving XHTML as text html Considered Harmful for some more information

User · Answer

If you re interested in comparability  not compatibility  but comparability  then I d stick with  lt br   gt     Otherwise   lt br gt  is fine

User · Answer

Both  lt br gt  and  lt br   gt  are acceptable in HTML5  but in the spirit of HTML   lt br gt  should be used  HTML5 allows closing slashes in order to be more compatible with documents that were previously HTML nbsp 4 01 and XHTML nbsp 1 0  allowing easier migration to HTML5  Of course   lt br  gt  is also acceptable  but to be compatible with some older browsers  there should be a space before the closing slash

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Most of the cases in HTML  the tags are in pair  But for a line break you don t need a pair of tags  Therefore to indicate this  HTML uses  lt br  gt  format   lt br  gt  is the right one  Use that format    lt br gt  tag has no end tag in HTML  In XHTML  the  lt br gt  tag must be properly closed  like this   lt br   gt   In XML every tag must be closed  XHTML is an extension of XML  hence all the rules of XML must be followed for valid XHTML  Hence even empty tags  nodes without child nodes  like  should be closed  XML has a short form called self closing tags for empty nodes  You can write  lt br gt  lt  br gt  as  lt br   gt   Hence in XHTML  lt br   gt  is used   HTML is very lenient in this regard  and there is no such rule  So in HTML empty nodes like  lt br gt   lt hr gt   lt meta gt  etc are written without the closing forward slash   HTML   lt br gt   lt hr gt   lt meta name  keywords  content    gt   lt link rel  canonical  href  http   www google com   gt    XHTML   lt br   gt   lt hr   gt   lt meta name  keywords  content      gt   lt link rel  canonical  href  http   www google com     gt    Not all tags can be self closed  For example  a tag like  lt script src  jQuery min js    gt  is not allowed by XHTML DTD

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Well all I know is that  lt br   gt  gives a break with a white line and  lt br gt  just gives a break in some cases  This happened to me when I was setting up an IPN-script  PHP  and sent mails and checked the inbox for it  Dont know why but I only got the message to look neat using both  lt br   gt  and  lt br gt   Have a look at the mail here  http   snag gy cLxUa jpg  The first two sections of text is seperated by  lt br   gt   hence the whitespace lines  the last three rows of text in the bottom and the last section is seperated by  lt br gt  and just gives new row

User · Answer

IMHO it is better to use the regular notation   lt br   gt   instead of the forgiving notation   lt br gt   for the following reasons   Consistency  In your HTML there is probably some SVG and SVG only support the regular notation  e g   lt rect   gt     Hackability  It is not a case that frameworks like React and NativeScript use an XML notation  Your markup code will be easier to parse   Clarity  The regular notation is easier to read and understand  even late at night   Specifications  Both  lt br gt  and  lt br   gt  are valid HTML tags   Conclusion  If you use a full-fledged text editor configure it to use the regular notation  which is called XHTML by Emmet   For instance  in Visual Studio Code you just have to add the following line to your settings    emmet syntaxProfiles     html    xhtml

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Ummm     does anyone know a SINGLE vendor  user-agent  or browser maker that has ever followed the W3C Specifications 100     So if HTML5 says it supports all three break element versions  you can bet the vendors support the same and even more sloppier versions   The ONLY thing that matters in this debate is to CONSISTENTLY use coding that also happens to follow XML specifications as well as HTML specifications when possible  That means you should use the correct XML version of the break tag and encourage all your team to do the same     lt br   gt    The same space-slash format should apply for the img  a  hr  and meta tags in your code  Why  Because    Its is backwards compatible with older XHTML user-agents   browsers The browser vendors support the XML version anyway so the HTML5 specification is moot  The sloppy implementations of most user-agents today  in the past  and in the future will accept it  It allows your markup to be comparable with XML standards should you need to go back to creating XHTML XML documents from your markup  It s  good coding practice  for ALL WEB DEVELOPERS to keep using solid markup practices that follow XML  including coding in all lower case  quoted attributes  escaped XML characters  etc  etc  Why  In the future if you have to switch to XML data you automatically code and think in XML  We can only hope that in the future World Wide Web  we move away from private vendor-implemented standards and go back to solid  reliable  verified markup that parses faster  moves data over the wires faster  and make our future Internet a more standardized medium using XML    Besides  in the robotic and machine world that s here  where robots don t have the same Human-interface coding problems HTML5 solves for us  they will gladly go back to XML data systems and parse such UI web pages much faster when converted to XML data

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I would recommend using  lt br   gt  for the following reasons   1  Text and XML editors that highlight XML syntax in different colours will highlight properly with  lt br   gt  but this is not always the case if you use  lt br gt   2   lt br   gt  is backwards-compatible with XHTML and well-formed HTML  ie  XHTML  is often easier to validate for errors and debug  3  Some old parsers and some coding specs require the space before the closing slash  ie   lt br   gt  instead of  lt br  gt   such as the WordPress Plugin Coding spec  http   make wordpress org core handbook coding-standards html   I my experience  I have never come across a case where using  lt br   gt  is problematic  however  there are many cases where  lt br  gt  or especially  lt br gt  might be problematic in older browsers and tools

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lt br gt  is sufficient but in XHTML  lt br   gt  is preferred according to the WHATWG and according to the W3C  To quote Section 8 1 2 1 of HTML 5 2 W3C Recommendation  14 December 2017  Start tags must have the following format       After the attributes  or after the tag name if there are no attributes  there may be one or more space characters   Some attributes are required to be followed by a space  See   8 1 2 3 Attributes below    Then  if the element is one of the void elements  or if the element is a foreign element  then there may be a single U 002F SOLIDUS character      This character has no effect on void elements  but on foreign elements it marks the start tag as self-closing     If you use Dreamweaver CS6  then it will autocomplete as  lt br   gt   To validate your HTML file on W3C see   http   validator w3 org

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In HTML5 the slash is no longer necessary   lt br gt    lt hr gt

User · Answer

Just use  lt br gt   Do not use  lt br gt  lt  br gt    lt br gt  is a special tag which doesn t need a closing unlike most tags

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If you are using HTML5  then using  lt br gt  is the right way to go

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If you are outputting HTML on a regular website you can use  lt br gt  or  lt br  gt   both are valid anytime you are serving HTML5 as text html  If you are serving HTML5 as XHTML  i e  content type application xhtml xml  with an XML declaration  then you must use a self closing tag like so   lt br  gt    If you don t the some browsers may flat out refuse to render your page  Firefox in particular is very strict about rendering only valid xhtml xml pages    As noted in 1   lt br  gt  is also valid for HTML5 that happens to be generated as XML but served as a regular text html without an XML declaration  such as from an XSL Transform that generates web pages  or something similar     To clear up confusion  Putting a space before the slash isn t required in HTML5 and doesn t make any difference to how the page is rendered  if anyone can cite an example I ll retract this  but I don t believe it s true - but IE certainly does a lot of other odd things with all forms of  lt br gt  tags    The excellent validator at http   validator w3 org is really helpful for checking what s valid  although I m not sure you can rely on it to also check content-type

User · Answer

In HTML  up to HTML 4   use  lt br gt   In HTML 5   lt br gt  is preferred  but  lt br  gt  and  lt br   gt  is also acceptable  In XHTML   lt br   gt  is preferred  Can also use  lt br  gt  or  lt br gt  lt  br gt   Notes     lt br gt  lt  br gt  is not valid in HTML 5  it will be thought of as two line breaks  XHTML is case sensitive  HTML is not case sensitive  For backward compatibility  some old browsers would parse XHTML as HTML and fail on  lt br  gt  but not  lt br   gt    Reference    http   www w3schools com tags tag br asp http   en wikipedia org wiki XHTML

User · Answer

lt br gt  works just fine  The stricter versions like XHTML require you to add the closing  and really old versions of HTML that do not include a DOCTYPE make  lt br gt  a non-void tag  like  lt br gt  lt  br gt    Sum up   lt br gt  is fine  Other ones are also just fine

User · Answer

lt br  gt  is the most appropriate one  This tag notation can also be used in Reactjs where a line break is required instead of  lt br gt

User · Answer

lt br gt  doesn t need an end tag  As per W3S   The  lt br gt  tag is an empty tag which means that it has no end tag   It s also supported by all major browsers   For more information  visit here

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XML doesn t allow leaving tags open  so it makes  lt br gt  a bit worse than the other two  The other two are roughly equivalent with the second   lt br  gt   preferred for compatibility with older browsers  Actually  space before   is preferred for compatibility sake  but I think it only makes sense for tags that have attributes  So I d say either  lt br  gt  or  lt br   gt   whichever pleases your aesthetics   To sum it up  all three are valid with the first one   lt br gt   being a bit less  portable    Edit  Now that we re all crazy about specs  I think it worth pointing out that according to dev w3 org      Start tags consist of the following   parts  in exactly the following order          A   lt   character    The element   s tag name    Optionally  one or more attributes  each of which must be   preceded by one or more space   characters    Optionally  one or more space characters    Optionally  a     character  which may be present only if the   element is a void element    A     character

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lt br gt  and  lt br   gt  render differently in some browsers  so choosing either over the other isn t going to hurt your project  but do expect a bulk find  replace to affect the page render in some browsers  which may result in extra work for yourself or even embarrassment should the change affect nothing in your test browser  but break it in the preferred browser of your clients    I prefer  lt br gt  since it is what I have used since Erwise and Netscape Navigator  early web browsers   but there s no reason not to choose  lt br   gt  instead  It may be useful for some preprocessing  comparability  etc    Even if your choice boils down to preferring the look of one over the other  or you  or your favourite HTML editor e g  Dreamweaver  might like your code to be xml compliant  It s up to you   A quick side note   Not to be confused with br  but in addition you may also consider using wbr tags in your HTML  A word break opportunity tag  which specifies where in a text it would be ok to add a line-break   For further reading  please have a read of the HTML5 spec

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In validation  of this question  it really depends on what  DOCTYPE you are trying to get verification through   My personal favorite is 4 01 Trans where I just use the  lt br  gt  and it clears the warnings and errors that may have popped up during validation  Strict is a much more complicated beast  It HATES  SHORTTAGS  and quite literally only wants the  lt br gt  lt  br gt   In HTML5 or the  LAX  of the code world  there really isn t a right answer because it detects every example you put up there as correct        In the end  I think all that matters is what validation YOU PREFER or the person that you are working for prefers    with the lackadaisical movement in code strictness in html5 we are seeing some VERY LAZY CODERS

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According to the spec the expected form is  lt br gt  for HTML 5 but a closing slash is permitted

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I think this quote from the HTML 5 Reference Draft provides the answer      3 2 2 2 Void Elements      The term void elements is used to designate elements that must be empty  These requirements only apply to the HTML syntax  In XHTML  all such elements are treated as normal elements  but must be marked up as empty elements       These elements are forbidden from containing any content at all  In HTML  these elements have a start tag only  The self-closing tag syntax may be used  The end tag must be omitted because the element is automatically closed by the parser       HTML Example    A void element in the HTML syntax  This is not permitted in the XHTML syntax    lt hr gt        Example    A void element using the HTML- and XHTML-compatible self-closing tag syntax    lt hr  gt        XHTML Example    A void element using the XHTML-only syntax with an explicit end tag  This is not permitted for void elements in the HTML syntax    lt hr gt  lt  hr gt

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As many others have covered  both  lt br gt  and  lt br  gt  are acceptable   I guess the tradeoff is the better readability and backward compatibility of  lt br  gt  versus sending one less character to the end users with  lt br gt    And since Google uses  lt br gt  so will I    Of course keep in mind that they might be serving me  lt br gt  because I m using Chrome which they know supports it  In IE they might still be serving  lt br  gt

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Both  lt br gt  and  lt br  gt  will do fine but I prefer  lt br  gt  because it s slightly more logical  It is logical to expect a closing tag whenever there is an opening tag  Therefore your code is slightly easier to read if you don t use an opening tag when there isn t going to be a closing tag   All browser  except possibly some very old ones that don t matter  will display both exactly the same  However   lt br gt  is not xHTML complient

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