git ignore exception

Question

I have a gitignore file that makes git ignore   dll files  and that is actually the behavior I want  However  if I want an exception   i e  to be able to commit foo dll   how can I achieve this

User · Answer

The solution depends on the relation between the git ignore rule and the exception rule:

Files/Files at the same level: use the @Skilldrick solution.
Folders/Subfolders: use the @Matiss Jurgelis solution.

Files/Files in different levels or Files/Subfolders: you can do this:

*.suo
*.user
*.userosscache
*.sln.docstates

# ...

# Exceptions for entire subfolders
!SetupFiles/elasticsearch-5.0.0/**/*
!SetupFiles/filebeat-5.0.0-windows-x86_64/**/*

# Exceptions for files in different levels
!SetupFiles/kibana-5.0.0-windows-x86/**/*.suo
!SetupFiles/logstash-5.0.0/**/*.suo

User · Answer

Use     dll     Exclude all dlls  foo dll  Except for foo dll   From gitignore      An optional prefix   which negates the pattern  any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again  If a negated pattern matches  this will override lower precedence patterns sources

User · Answer

To exclude everything in a directory  but some sub-directories  do the following   wp-content    wp-content plugins   wp-content themes    Source  https   gist github com 444295

User · Answer

You can simply git add -f path to foo dll     gitignore ignores only files for usual tracking and stuff like git add

User · Answer

This is how I do it  with a README md file in each directory   data     data README md    data input   data input     data input README md    data output   data output     data output README md

User · Answer

Since Git 2 7 0 Git will take exceptions into account  From the official release notes    Allow a later  quot   abc def quot  to override an earlier  quot  abc quot  that appears in the same  gitignore file to make it easier to express  quot everything in  abc directory is ignored  except for     quot     https   raw githubusercontent com git git master Documentation RelNotes 2 7 0 txt edit  apparently this doesn t work any more since Git 2 8 0

User · Answer

Git ignores folders if you write    js   but it can t add exceptions if you do    js jquery or   js jquery  or   js jquery     You must write     js      and only then you can except subfolders like this    js jquery

User · Answer

foo dll in  gitignore  or  every time   git add -f foo dll

User · Answer

If you re working with Visual Studio and your  dll happens to be in a bin folder  then you ll need to add an exception for the particular bin folder itself  before you can add the exception for the  dll file  E g    SourceCode Solution Project bin  SourceCode Solution Project bin My dll   This is because the default Visual Studio  gitignore file includes an ignore pattern for  Bbin     This pattern is zapping all bin folders  and consequently their contents   which makes any attempt to include the contents redundant  since the folder itself is already ignored    I was able to find why my file wasn t being excepted by running   git check-ignore -v -- SourceCode Solution Project bin My dll   from a Git Bash window  This returned the  Bbin   pattern

User · Answer

Just add   before an exclusion rule   According to the gitignore man page      Patterns have the following format                   An optional prefix   which negates the pattern  any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again  If a negated pattern matches  this will override lower precedence patterns sources

[git] git ignore exception

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