This is how I do it, with a README.md file in each directory:
/data/*
!/data/README.md
!/data/input/
/data/input/*
!/data/input/README.md
!/data/output/
/data/output/*
!/data/output/README.md
The solution depends on the relation between the git ignore rule and the exception rule:
Files/Files in different levels or Files/Subfolders: you can do this:
*.suo
*.user
*.userosscache
*.sln.docstates
# ...
# Exceptions for entire subfolders
!SetupFiles/elasticsearch-5.0.0/**/*
!SetupFiles/filebeat-5.0.0-windows-x86_64/**/*
# Exceptions for files in different levels
!SetupFiles/kibana-5.0.0-windows-x86/**/*.suo
!SetupFiles/logstash-5.0.0/**/*.suo
!foo.dll
in .gitignore, or (every time!) git add -f foo.dll
If you're working with Visual Studio and your .dll happens to be in a bin
folder, then you'll need to add an exception for the particular bin folder itself, before you can add the exception for the .dll file. E.g.
!SourceCode/Solution/Project/bin
!SourceCode/Solution/Project/bin/My.dll
This is because the default Visual Studio .gitignore
file includes an ignore pattern for [Bbin]/
This pattern is zapping all bin folders (and consequently their contents), which makes any attempt to include the contents redundant (since the folder itself is already ignored).
I was able to find why my file wasn't being excepted by running
git check-ignore -v -- SourceCode/Solution/Project/bin/My.dll
from a Git Bash window. This returned the [Bbin]/
pattern.
Git ignores folders if you write:
/js
but it can't add exceptions if you do:
!/js/jquery
or !/js/jquery/
or !/js/jquery/*
You must write:
/js/*
and only then you can except subfolders like this
!/js/jquery
Since Git 2.7.0 Git will take exceptions into account. From the official release notes:
- Allow a later "!/abc/def" to override an earlier "/abc" that appears in the same .gitignore file to make it easier to express "everything in /abc directory is ignored, except for ...".
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/git/git/master/Documentation/RelNotes/2.7.0.txt
edit: apparently this doesn't work any more since Git 2.8.0
Just add !
before an exclusion rule.
According to the gitignore man page:
Patterns have the following format:
...
- An optional prefix ! which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again. If a negated pattern matches, this will override lower precedence patterns sources.
To exclude everything in a directory, but some sub-directories, do the following:
wp-content/*
!wp-content/plugins/
!wp-content/themes/
Source: https://gist.github.com/444295
You can simply git add -f path/to/foo.dll
.
.gitignore
ignores only files for usual tracking and stuff like git add .
Source: Stackoverflow.com