[hibernate] How does JPA orphanRemoval=true differ from the ON DELETE CASCADE DML clause

An example taken form here:

When an Employee entity object is removed, the remove operation is cascaded to the referenced Address entity object. In this regard, orphanRemoval=true and cascade=CascadeType.REMOVE are identical, and if orphanRemoval=true is specified, CascadeType.REMOVE is redundant.

The difference between the two settings is in the response to disconnecting a relationship. For example, such as when setting the address field to null or to another Address object.

  • If orphanRemoval=true is specified the disconnected Address instance is automatically removed. This is useful for cleaning up dependent objects (e.g. Address) that should not exist without a reference from an owner object (e.g. Employee).

  • If only cascade=CascadeType.REMOVE is specified, no automatic action is taken since disconnecting a relationship is not a remove operation.

To avoid dangling references as a result of orphan removal, this feature should only be enabled for fields that hold private non shared dependent objects.

I hope this makes it more clear.

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