[java] process.waitFor() never returns

Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("tasklist");
BufferedReader reader = 
    new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
process.waitFor();

As others have mentioned you have to consume stderr and stdout.

Compared to the other answers, since Java 1.7 it is even more easy. You do not have to create threads yourself anymore to read stderr and stdout.

Just use the ProcessBuilder and use the methods redirectOutput in combination with either redirectError or redirectErrorStream.

String directory = "/working/dir";
File out = new File(...); // File to write stdout to
File err = new File(...); // File to write stderr to
ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder();
builder.directory(new File(directory));
builder.command(command);
builder.redirectOutput(out); // Redirect stdout to file
if(out == err) { 
  builder.redirectErrorStream(true); // Combine stderr into stdout
} else { 
  builder.redirectError(err); // Redirect stderr to file
}
Process process = builder.start();

Here is a method that works for me. NOTE: There is some code within this method that may not apply to you, so try and ignore it. For example "logStandardOut(...), git-bash, etc".

private String exeShellCommand(String doCommand, String inDir, boolean ignoreErrors) {
logStandardOut("> %s", doCommand);

ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder();
StringBuilder stdOut = new StringBuilder();
StringBuilder stdErr = new StringBuilder();

boolean isWindows = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().startsWith("windows");
if (isWindows) {
  String gitBashPathForWindows = "C:\\Program Files\\Git\\bin\\bash";
  builder.command(gitBashPathForWindows, "-c", doCommand);
} else {
  builder.command("bash", "-c", doCommand);
}

//Do we need to change dirs?
if (inDir != null) {
  builder.directory(new File(inDir));
}

//Execute it
Process process = null;
BufferedReader brStdOut;
BufferedReader brStdErr;
try {
  //Start the command line process
  process = builder.start();

  //This hangs on a large file
  // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5483830/process-waitfor-never-returns
  //exitCode = process.waitFor();

  //This will have both StdIn and StdErr
  brStdOut = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
  brStdErr = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));

  //Get the process output
  String line = null;
  String newLineCharacter = System.getProperty("line.separator");

  while (process.isAlive()) {
    //Read the stdOut
    while ((line = brStdOut.readLine()) != null) {
      stdOut.append(line + newLineCharacter);
    }

    //Read the stdErr
    while ((line = brStdErr.readLine()) != null) {
      stdErr.append(line + newLineCharacter);
    }

    //Nothing else to read, lets pause for a bit before trying again
    process.waitFor(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
  }

  //Read anything left, after the process exited
  while ((line = brStdOut.readLine()) != null) {
    stdOut.append(line + newLineCharacter);
  }

  //Read anything left, after the process exited
  while ((line = brStdErr.readLine()) != null) {
    stdErr.append(line + newLineCharacter);
  }

  //cleanup
  if (brStdOut != null) {
    brStdOut.close();
  }

  if (brStdErr != null) {
    brStdOut.close();
  }

  //Log non-zero exit values
  if (!ignoreErrors && process.exitValue() != 0) {
    String exMsg = String.format("%s%nprocess.exitValue=%s", stdErr, process.exitValue());
    throw new ExecuteCommandException(exMsg);
  }

} catch (ExecuteCommandException e) {
  throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
  throw new ExecuteCommandException(stdErr.toString(), e);
} finally {
  //Log the results
  logStandardOut(stdOut.toString());
  logStandardError(stdErr.toString());
}

return stdOut.toString();

}

Asynchronous reading of stream combined with avoiding Wait with a timeout will solve the problem.

You can find a page explaining this here http://simplebasics.net/.net/process-waitforexit-with-a-timeout-will-not-be-able-to-collect-the-output-message/

For the same reason you can also use inheritIO() to map Java console with external app console like:

ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(appPath, arguments);

pb.directory(new File(appFile.getParent()));
pb.inheritIO();

Process process = pb.start();
int success = process.waitFor();

You should try consume output and error in the same while

    private void runCMD(String CMD) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    System.out.println("Standard output: " + CMD);
    Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(CMD);

    // Get input streams
    BufferedReader stdInput = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
    BufferedReader stdError = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));
    String line = "";
    String newLineCharacter = System.getProperty("line.separator");

    boolean isOutReady = false;
    boolean isErrorReady = false;
    boolean isProcessAlive = false;

    boolean isErrorOut = true;
    boolean isErrorError = true;


    System.out.println("Read command ");
    while (process.isAlive()) {
        //Read the stdOut

        do {
            isOutReady = stdInput.ready();
            //System.out.println("OUT READY " + isOutReady);
            isErrorOut = true;
            isErrorError = true;

            if (isOutReady) {
                line = stdInput.readLine();
                isErrorOut = false;
                System.out.println("=====================================================================================" + line + newLineCharacter);
            }
            isErrorReady = stdError.ready();
            //System.out.println("ERROR READY " + isErrorReady);
            if (isErrorReady) {
                line = stdError.readLine();
                isErrorError = false;
                System.out.println("ERROR::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::" + line + newLineCharacter);

            }
            isProcessAlive = process.isAlive();
            //System.out.println("Process Alive " + isProcessAlive);
            if (!isProcessAlive) {
                System.out.println(":::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Process DIE " + line + newLineCharacter);
                line = null;
                isErrorError = false;
                process.waitFor(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            }

        } while (line != null);

        //Nothing else to read, lets pause for a bit before trying again
        System.out.println("PROCESS WAIT FOR");
        process.waitFor(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }
    System.out.println("Command finished");
}

There are several possibilities:

1. You haven't consumed all the output on the process's stdout.
2. You haven't consumed all the output on the process's stderr.
3. The process is waiting for input from you and you haven't provided it, or you haven't closed the process's stdin.
4. The process is spinning in a hard loop.

It appears you are not reading the output before waiting for it to finish. This is fine only if the output doesn't fill the buffer. If it does, it will wait until you read the output, catch-22.

Perhaps you have some errors which you are not reading. This would case the application to stop and waitFor to wait forever. A simple way around this is to re-direct the errors to the regular output.

ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("tasklist");
pb.redirectErrorStream(true);
Process process = pb.start();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
    System.out.println("tasklist: " + line);
process.waitFor();

Also from Java doc:

java.lang

Class Process

Because some native platforms only provide limited buffer size for standard input and output streams, failure to promptly write the input stream or read the output stream of the subprocess may cause the subprocess to block, and even deadlock.

Fail to clear the buffer of input stream (which pipes to the output stream of subprocess) from Process may lead to a subprocess blocking.

Try this:

Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("tasklist");
BufferedReader reader =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
while ((reader.readLine()) != null) {}
process.waitFor();

I think I observed a similar problem: some processes started, seemed to run successfully but never completed. The function waitFor() was waiting forever except if I killed the process in Task Manager.
However, everything worked well in cases the length of the command line was 127 characters or shorter. If long file names are inevitable you may want to use environmental variables, which may allow you keeping the command line string short. You can generate a batch file (using FileWriter) in which you set your environmental variables before calling the program you actually want to run. The content of such a batch could look like:

    set INPUTFILE="C:\Directory 0\Subdirectory 1\AnyFileName"
    set OUTPUTFILE="C:\Directory 2\Subdirectory 3\AnotherFileName"
    set MYPROG="C:\Directory 4\Subdirectory 5\ExecutableFileName.exe"
    %MYPROG% %INPUTFILE% %OUTPUTFILE%

Last step is running this batch file using Runtime.

I would like to add something to the previous answers but since I don't have the rep to comment, I will just add an answer. This is directed towards android users which are programming in Java.

Per the post from RollingBoy, this code almost worked for me:

Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("tasklist");
BufferedReader reader =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
while ((reader.readLine()) != null) {}
process.waitFor();

In my case, the waitFor() was not releasing because I was executing a statement with no return ("ip adddr flush eth0"). An easy way to fix this is to simply ensure you always return something in your statement. For me, that meant executing the following: "ip adddr flush eth0 && echo done". You can read the buffer all day, but if there is nothing ever returned, your thread will never release its wait.

Hope that helps someone!