How to squash commits in git after they have been pushed

Question

This gives a good explanation of squashing multiple commits  http   git-scm com book en Git-Branching-Rebasing but it does not work for commits that have already been pushed  How do I squash the most recent few commits both in my local and remote repos  When I do git rebase -i origin master 4 master  keep the first one as pick  set the other three as squash  and then exit  via c-x c-c in emacs   I get    git rebase -i origin master 4 master   Not currently on any branch  nothing to commit  working directory clean   Could not apply 2f40e2c    Revert  quot issue 4427  bpf device permission change option added quot    git rebase -i origin master 4 master Interactive rebase already started  where 2f40 is the pick commit  And now none of the 4 commits appear in git log  I expected my editor to be restarted so that I could enter a commit message  What am I doing wrong

User · Answer

For squashing two commits  one of which was already pushed  on a single branch the following worked   git rebase -i HEAD 2       pick     older-commit          squash   newest-commit   git push --force   By default  this will include the commit message of the newest commit as a comment on the older commit

User · Answer

A lot of problems can be avoided by only creating a branch to work on  amp  not working on master   git checkout -b mybranch  The following works for remote commits already pushed  amp  a mixture of remote pushed commits   local only commits     example merging 4 commits  git checkout mybranch git rebase -i mybranch 4 mybranch    at the interactive screen   choose fixup for commit  2   3   4  git push -u origin  mybranch   I also have some pull request notes which may be helpful

User · Answer

git rebase -i master  you will get the editor vm open and msgs something like this  Pick 2994283490 commit msg1 f 7994283490 commit msg2 f 4654283490 commit msg3 f 5694283490 commit msg4  Some message     some more   Here I have changed pick for all the other commits to  f   Stands for fixup    git push -f origin feature feature-branch-name-xyz  this will fixup all the commits to one commit and will remove all the other commits   I did this and it helped me

User · Answer

On a branch I was able to do it like this  for the last 4 commits   git checkout my branch git reset --soft HEAD 4 git commit git push --force origin my branch

User · Answer

Minor difference to accepted answer  but I was having a lot of difficulty squashing and finally got it     git rebase -i HEAD 4    At the interactive screen that opens up  replace pick with squash at the top for all the commits that you want to squash  Save and close the editor through esc -- gt   wq   Push to the remote using     git push origin branch-name --force

User · Answer

Squash commits locally with   git rebase -i origin master 4 master   and then force push with   git push origin  master     Difference between --force and    From the documentation of git push       Note that --force applies to all the refs that are pushed  hence using   it with push default set to matching or with multiple push   destinations configured with remote   push may overwrite refs other   than the current branch  including local refs that are strictly behind   their remote counterpart   To force a push to only one branch  use a     in front of the refspec to push  e g git push origin  master to force   a push to the master branch

User · Answer

When you are working with a Gitlab or Github you can run in trouble in this way  You squash your commits with one of the above method  My preferite one is   git rebase -i HEAD 4 or git rebase -i origin master   select squash or fixup for yours commit  At this point you would check with git status  And the message could be       On branch ABC-1916-remote     Your branch and  origin ABC-1916  have diverged      and have 1 and 7 different commits each  respectively         use  git pull  to merge the remote branch into yours    And you can be tempted to pull it  DO NOT DO THAT or you will be in the same situation as before   Instead push to your origin with   git push origin  ABC-1916-remote ABC-1916   The   allow to force push only to one branch

User · Answer

1   git rebase -i HEAD 4  To elaborate  It works on the current branch  the HEAD 4 means squashing the latest four commits  interactive mode  -i   2   At this point  the editor opened  with the list of commits  to change the second and following commits  replacing pick with squash then save it   output  Successfully rebased and updated refs heads branch-name   3   git push origin refs heads branch-name --force  output   remote  remote  To create a merge request for branch-name  visit  remote  http   xxx sc server merge requests new merge request 5Bsource branch 5D sss remote To ip sc server git    84b4b60   5045693 branch-name - gt  branch-name  forced update

[git] How to squash commits in git after they have been pushed?

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