[java] Get domain name from given url

Given a URL, I want to extract domain name(It should not include 'www' part). Url can contain http/https. Here is the java code that I wrote. Though It seems to work fine, is there any better approach or are there some edge cases, that could fail.

public static String getDomainName(String url) throws MalformedURLException{
    if(!url.startsWith("http") && !url.startsWith("https")){
         url = "http://" + url;
    }        
    URL netUrl = new URL(url);
    String host = netUrl.getHost();
    if(host.startsWith("www")){
        host = host.substring("www".length()+1);
    }
    return host;
}

Input: http://google.com/blah

Output: google.com

I wrote a method (see below) which extracts a url's domain name and which uses simple String matching. What it actually does is extract the bit between the first "://" (or index 0 if there's no "://" contained) and the first subsequent "/" (or index String.length() if there's no subsequent "/"). The remaining, preceding "www(_)*." bit is chopped off. I'm sure there'll be cases where this won't be good enough but it should be good enough in most cases!

Mike Samuel's post above says that the java.net.URI class could do this (and was preferred to the java.net.URL class) but I encountered problems with the URI class. Notably, URI.getHost() gives a null value if the url does not include the scheme, i.e. the "http(s)" bit.

/**
 * Extracts the domain name from {@code url}
 * by means of String manipulation
 * rather than using the {@link URI} or {@link URL} class.
 *
 * @param url is non-null.
 * @return the domain name within {@code url}.
 */
public String getUrlDomainName(String url) {
  String domainName = new String(url);

  int index = domainName.indexOf("://");

  if (index != -1) {
    // keep everything after the "://"
    domainName = domainName.substring(index + 3);
  }

  index = domainName.indexOf('/');

  if (index != -1) {
    // keep everything before the '/'
    domainName = domainName.substring(0, index);
  }

  // check for and remove a preceding 'www'
  // followed by any sequence of characters (non-greedy)
  // followed by a '.'
  // from the beginning of the string
  domainName = domainName.replaceFirst("^www.*?\\.", "");

  return domainName;
}

If the input url is user input. this method gives the most appropriate host name. if not found gives back the input url.

private String getHostName(String urlInput) {
        urlInput = urlInput.toLowerCase();
        String hostName=urlInput;
        if(!urlInput.equals("")){
            if(urlInput.startsWith("http") || urlInput.startsWith("https")){
                try{
                    URL netUrl = new URL(urlInput);
                    String host= netUrl.getHost();
                    if(host.startsWith("www")){
                        hostName = host.substring("www".length()+1);
                    }else{
                        hostName=host;
                    }
                }catch (MalformedURLException e){
                    hostName=urlInput;
                }
            }else if(urlInput.startsWith("www")){
                hostName=urlInput.substring("www".length()+1);
            }
            return  hostName;
        }else{
            return  "";
        }
    }

In my case i only needed the main domain and not the subdomain (no "www" or whatever the subdomain is) :

public static String getUrlDomain(String url) throws URISyntaxException {
    URI uri = new URI(url);
    String domain = uri.getHost();
    String[] domainArray = domain.split("\\.");
    if (domainArray.length == 1) {
        return domainArray[0];
    }
    return domainArray[domainArray.length - 2] + "." + domainArray[domainArray.length - 1];
}

With this method the url "https://rest.webtoapp.io/llSlider?lg=en&t=8" will have for domain "webtoapp.io".

Here is a short and simple line using InternetDomainName.topPrivateDomain() in Guava: InternetDomainName.from(new URL(url).getHost()).topPrivateDomain().toString()

Given http://www.google.com/blah, that will give you google.com. Or, given http://www.google.co.mx, it will give you google.co.mx.

As Sa Qada commented in another answer on this post, this question has been asked earlier: Extract main domain name from a given url. The best answer to that question is from Satya, who suggests Guava's InternetDomainName.topPrivateDomain()

public boolean isTopPrivateDomain()

Indicates whether this domain name is composed of exactly one subdomain component followed by a public suffix. For example, returns true for google.com and foo.co.uk, but not for www.google.com or co.uk.

Warning: A true result from this method does not imply that the domain is at the highest level which is addressable as a host, as many public suffixes are also addressable hosts. For example, the domain bar.uk.com has a public suffix of uk.com, so it would return true from this method. But uk.com is itself an addressable host.

This method can be used to determine whether a domain is probably the highest level for which cookies may be set, though even that depends on individual browsers' implementations of cookie controls. See RFC 2109 for details.

Putting that together with URL.getHost(), which the original post already contains, gives you:

import com.google.common.net.InternetDomainName;

import java.net.URL;

public class DomainNameMain {

  public static void main(final String... args) throws Exception {
    final String urlString = "http://www.google.com/blah";
    final URL url = new URL(urlString);
    final String host = url.getHost();
    final InternetDomainName name = InternetDomainName.from(host).topPrivateDomain();
    System.out.println(urlString);
    System.out.println(host);
    System.out.println(name);
  }
}

All the above are good. This one seems really simple to me and easy to understand. Excuse the quotes. I wrote it for Groovy inside a class called DataCenter.

static String extractDomainName(String url) {
    int start = url.indexOf('://')
    if (start < 0) {
        start = 0
    } else {
        start += 3
    }
    int end = url.indexOf('/', start)
    if (end < 0) {
        end = url.length()
    }
    String domainName = url.substring(start, end)

    int port = domainName.indexOf(':')
    if (port >= 0) {
        domainName = domainName.substring(0, port)
    }
    domainName
}

And here are some junit4 tests:

@Test
void shouldFindDomainName() {
    assert DataCenter.extractDomainName('http://example.com/path/') == 'example.com'
    assert DataCenter.extractDomainName('http://subpart.example.com/path/') == 'subpart.example.com'
    assert DataCenter.extractDomainName('http://example.com') == 'example.com'
    assert DataCenter.extractDomainName('http://example.com:18445/path/') == 'example.com'
    assert DataCenter.extractDomainName('example.com/path/') == 'example.com'
    assert DataCenter.extractDomainName('example.com') == 'example.com'
}

// groovy
String hostname ={url -> url[(url.indexOf('://')+ 3)..-1]?.split('/')[0]? }

hostname('http://hello.world.com/something') // return 'hello.world.com'
hostname('docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable') // return 'quay.io'

val host = url.split("/")[2]

There is a similar question Extract main domain name from a given url. If you take a look at this answer , you will see that it is very easy. You just need to use java.net.URL and String utility - Split

private static final String hostExtractorRegexString = "(?:https?://)?(?:www\\.)?(.+\\.)(com|au\\.uk|co\\.in|be|in|uk|org\\.in|org|net|edu|gov|mil)";
private static final Pattern hostExtractorRegexPattern = Pattern.compile(hostExtractorRegexString);

public static String getDomainName(String url){
    if (url == null) return null;
    url = url.trim();
    Matcher m = hostExtractorRegexPattern.matcher(url);
    if(m.find() && m.groupCount() == 2) {
        return m.group(1) + m.group(2);
    }
    return null;
}

Explanation : The regex has 4 groups. The first two are non-matching groups and the next two are matching groups.

The first non-matching group is "http" or "https" or ""

The second non-matching group is "www." or ""

The second matching group is the top level domain

The first matching group is anything after the non-matching groups and anything before the top level domain

The concatenation of the two matching groups will give us the domain/host name.

PS : Note that you can add any number of supported domains to the regex.

To get the actual domain name, without the subdomain, I use:

private String getDomainName(String url) throws URISyntaxException {
    String hostName = new URI(url).getHost();
    if (!hostName.contains(".")) {
        return hostName;
    }
    String[] host = hostName.split("\\.");
    return host[host.length - 2];
}

Note that this won't work with second-level domains (like .co.uk).

import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;

public class ParseURL {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    URL aURL = new URL("http://example.com:80/docs/books/tutorial"
                       + "/index.html?name=networking#DOWNLOADING");

    System.out.println("protocol = " + aURL.getProtocol()); //http
    System.out.println("authority = " + aURL.getAuthority()); //example.com:80
    System.out.println("host = " + aURL.getHost()); //example.com
    System.out.println("port = " + aURL.getPort()); //80
    System.out.println("path = " + aURL.getPath()); //  /docs/books/tutorial/index.html
    System.out.println("query = " + aURL.getQuery()); //name=networking
    System.out.println("filename = " + aURL.getFile()); ///docs/books/tutorial/index.html?name=networking
    System.out.println("ref = " + aURL.getRef()); //DOWNLOADING
  }
}

Read more

try this one : java.net.URL;
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, getDomainName(new URL("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains")));

public String getDomainName(URL url){
String strDomain;
String[] strhost = url.getHost().split(Pattern.quote("."));
String[] strTLD = {"com","org","net","int","edu","gov","mil","arpa"};

if(Arrays.asList(strTLD).indexOf(strhost[strhost.length-1])>=0)
    strDomain = strhost[strhost.length-2]+"."+strhost[strhost.length-1];
else if(strhost.length>2)
    strDomain = strhost[strhost.length-3]+"."+strhost[strhost.length-2]+"."+strhost[strhost.length-1];
else
    strDomain = strhost[strhost.length-2]+"."+strhost[strhost.length-1];
return strDomain;}

I made a small treatment after the URI object creation

 if (url.startsWith("http:/")) {
        if (!url.contains("http://")) {
            url = url.replaceAll("http:/", "http://");
        }
    } else {
        url = "http://" + url;
    }
    URI uri = new URI(url);
    String domain = uri.getHost();
    return domain.startsWith("www.") ? domain.substring(4) : domain;

One of the way I did and worked for all of the cases is using Guava Library and regex in combination.

public static String getDomainNameWithGuava(String url) throws MalformedURLException, 
  URISyntaxException {
    String host =new URL(url).getHost();
    String domainName="";
    try{
        domainName = InternetDomainName.from(host).topPrivateDomain().toString();
    }catch (IllegalStateException | IllegalArgumentException e){
        domainName= getDomain(url,true);
    }
    return domainName;
}

getDomain() can be any common method with regex.