Since you're using formatters for the rest of it, just use DecimalFormat:
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
DecimalFormat xFormat = new DecimalFormat("000")
System.out.print(xFormat.format(x + 1) + " ");
Alternative you could do whole job in whole line using printf:
System.out.printf("%03d %s %s %s \n", x + 1, // the payment number
formatter.format(monthlyInterest), // round our interest rate
formatter.format(principleAmt),
formatter.format(remainderAmt));