Still fighting the same error on both ubuntu, ubuntu derivatives and opensuse. This is a great way to bypass and move forward until you can fix the actual issue.
Just use the docker image for jenkins from dockerhub.
docker pull jenkins/jenkins
docker run -itd -p 8080:8080 --name jenkins_container jenkins
Use the browser to navigate to:
localhost:8080 or my_pc:8080
To get at the token at the path given on the login screen:
docker exec -it jenkins_container /bin/bash
Then navigate to the token file and copy/paste the code into the login screen. You can use the edit/copy/paste menus in the kde/gnome/lxde/xfce terminals to copy the terminal text, then paste it with ctrl-v
War File
Or use the jenkins.war file. For development purposes you can run jenkins as your user (or as jenkins) from the command line or create a short script in /usr/local or /opt to start it.
Download the jenkins.war from the jenkins download page:
Then put it somewhere safe, ~/jenkins would be a good place.
mkdir ~/jenkins; cp ~/Downloads/jenkins.war ~/jenkins
Then run:
nohup java -jar ~/jenkins/jenkins.war > ~/jenkins/jenkins.log 2>&1
To get the initial admin password token, copy the text output of:
cat /home/my_home_dir/.jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
and paste that into the box with ctrl-v as your initial admin password.
Hope this is detailed enough to get you on your way...