Thanks to Chris Jester-Young I managed to make it work!
I think the way I managed to do it will work only on really simple projects:
With apktool i got the android manifest and the resources files.
In Eclipse I create a new project with the same settings as the old one (checking all the information in the manifest file)
/!\ be sure you removed the old apk from the device an error will be thrown stating that the apk signature is not the same as the old one!