Although optimally it would be nice if your code can run parallel, it can be the case you're simply using a thread so you do not block the UI thread, even if your app's usage flow will have to wait for it.
You've got pretty much 2 options here;
You can execute the code you want waiting, in the AsyncTask itself. If it has to do with updating the UI(thread), you can use the onPostExecute method. This gets called automatically when your background work is done.
If you for some reason are forced to do it in the Activity/Fragment/Whatever, you can also just make yourself a custom listener, which you broadcast from your AsyncTask. By using this, you can have a callback method in your Activity/Fragment/Whatever which only gets called when you want it: aka when your AsyncTask is done with whatever you had to wait for.