I found this detailed post about how to open (attach) the MDF file in SQL Server Management Studio: http://learningsqlserver.wordpress.com/2011/02/13/how-can-i-open-mdf-and-ldf-files-in-sql-server-attach-tutorial-troublshooting/
I also have the issue of not being able to navigate to the file. The reason is most likely this:
The reason it won't "open" the folder is because the service account running the SQL Server Engine service does not have read permission on the folder in question. Assign the windows user group for that SQL Server instance the rights to read and list contents at the WINDOWS level. Then you should see the files that you want to attach inside of the folder.
One solution to this problem is described here: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj219062.aspx I haven't tried this myself yet. Once I do, I'll update the answer.
Hope this helps.