First step get container id:
docker ps
This will show you something like
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1170fe9e9460 localhost:5000/python:env-7e847468c4d73a0f35e9c5164046ad88 "./run_notebook.sh" 26 seconds ago Up 25 seconds 0.0.0.0:8989->9999/tcp SLURM_TASK-303337_0
1170fe9e9460
is the container id in this case.
Second, enter the docker :
docker exec -it [container_id] bash
so in the above case:
docker exec -it 1170fe9e9460 bash