Differences between Oracle JDK and OpenJDK

Question

NOTE   This question is from 2014   As of Java 11 OpenJDK and Oracle   JDK are converging    Are there any crucial differences between Oracle and OpenJDK   For example  are the garbage collection and other JVM parameters the same   Does GC work differently between the two

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For Java 8  Oracle JDK vs  OpenJDK my take of key differences    OpenJDK is an open source implementation of the Java Standard Edition platform with contribution from Oracle and the open Java community  OpenJDK is released under license GPL v2 wherein Oracle JDK is licensed under Oracle Binary Code License Agreement  Actually  Oracle JDK   s build process builds from OpenJDK source code  So there is no major technical difference between Oracle JDK and OpenJDK  Apart from the base code  Oracle JDK includes  Oracle   s implementation of Java Plugin and Java WebStart  It also includes third-party closed source and open source components like graphics rasterizer and Rhino respectively  OpenJDK Font Renderer and Oracle JDK Flight Recorder are the noticeable major differences between Oracle JDK and OpenJDK  Rockit was the Oracle   s JVM and from Java SE 7  HotSpot and JRockit merged into a single JVM  So now we have only the merged HotSpot JVM available  There are instances where people claim that they had issues while running OpenJDK and that got solved when switched over to Oracle JDK  Twitter has its own JDK  Software like Minecraft expects Oracle JDK to be used  In fact  warns    For a full list of differences please see the source article  Oracle JDK vs OpenJDK and Java JDK Development Process

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Both OpenJDK and Oracle JDK are created and maintained currently by Oracle only   OpenJDK and Oracle JDK are implementations of the same Java specification passed the TCK  Java Technology Certification Kit    Most of the vendors of JDK are written on top of OpenJDK by doing a few tweaks to  mostly to replace licensed proprietary parts   replace with more high-performance items that only work on specific OS  components without breaking the TCK compatibility   Many vendors implemented the Java specification and got TCK passed  For example  IBM J9  Azul Zulu  Azul Zing  and Oracle JDK   Almost every existing JDK is derived from OpenJDK   As suggested by many  licensing is a change between JDKs     Starting with JDK 11 accessing the long time support Oracle JDK Java SE will now require a commercial license  You should now pay attention to which JDK you re installing as Oracle JDK without subscription could stop working  source  Ref  List of Java virtual machines

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The Oracle and OpenJDK JVMs are the same and have the same GC features  as of the latest versions 10    Prior to Oracle managing the OpenJDK JVM there were concrete differences that made that old Openjdk JVM almost unusable in many environments  The JVMs are now the same   The JDKs which include the JVM as part of the Kit  differ by licensing  release and maintenance schedule  and the software libraries included in the JDK  Crucial differences to me also mean things that would make code not run if not present   Not only licensing    diff --brief -r openjdk oraclejdk   Crucially the following files are missing in addition to a bunch of others on the linux JDK  So if you  claimed  that code didn t work on OpenJDK and did so on OracleJDK while you were using javafx then you were correct    Only in jdk-10 0 1 bin  javapackager Only in jdk-10 0 1 bin  javaws Only in jdk-10 0 1 bin  jcontrol Only in jdk-10 0 1 bin  jmc Only in jdk-10 0 1 bin  jweblauncher Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  ant-javafx jar Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  deploy Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  deploy jar Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  desktop Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  fontconfig bfc Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  fontconfig properties src Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  fontconfig RedHat 6 bfc Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  fontconfig RedHat 6 properties src Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  fontconfig SuSE 11 bfc Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  fontconfig SuSE 11 properties src Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  fonts Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  javafx properties Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  javafx-swt jar Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  java jnlp jar Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  javaws jar Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  jdk deploy jar Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  jdk javaws jar Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  jdk plugin jar Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  jfr Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libavplugin-53 so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libavplugin-54 so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libavplugin-55 so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libavplugin-56 so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libavplugin-57 so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libavplugin-ffmpeg-56 so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libavplugin-ffmpeg-57 so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libbci so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libcmm so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libdecora sse so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libdeploy so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libfxplugins so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libglassgtk2 so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libglassgtk3 so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libglass so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libgstreamer-lite so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libjavafx font freetype so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libjavafx font pango so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libjavafx font so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libjavafx iio so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libjfxmedia so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libjfxwebkit so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libnpjp2 so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libprism common so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libprism es2 so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libprism sw so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  librm so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  libt2k so Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  locale Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  missioncontrol Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  oblique-fonts Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  plugin jar Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib  plugin-legacy jar Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib security  blacklist Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib security  public suffix list dat Only in jdk-10 0 1 lib security  trusted libraries Only in openjdk-10 0 1  man

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A list of the few remaining cosmetic and packaging differences between Oracle JDK 11 and OpenJDK 11 can be found in this blog post   https   blogs oracle com java-platform-group oracle-jdk-releases-for-java-11-and-later  In short    Oracle JDK 11 emits a warning when using the -XX  UnlockCommercialFeatures option  it can be configured to provide usage log data to the    Advanced Management Console    tool   it has always required third party cryptographic providers to be signed by a known certificate   it will continue to include installers  branding and JRE packaging  while the javac --release command behaves slightly differently for the Java 9 and Java 10 targets  and  the output of the java --version and java -fullversion commands will distinguish Oracle JDK builds from OpenJDK builds

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Also for Java 8 an interesting performance benchmark for reactive  non-blocking  Spring Boot REST application being hosted on various JVMs by AMIS Technology Blog has been published in Nov 2018 showing that  among other differences    OpenJDK has higher CPU usage than OracleJDK  OpenJDK has slightly lower response time than OracleJDK  OpenJDK has higher memory usage than OracleJDK    For details please see the source article   Of course YMMV  this is just one of the benchmarks

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For Java 7  nothing crucial  The OpenJDK project is mostly based on HotSpot source code donated by Sun   Moreover  OpenJDK was selected to be the reference implementation for Java 7 and is maintained by Oracle engineers   There s a more detailed answer from 2012 on difference between JVM  JDK  JRE  amp  OpenJDK  which links to an Oracle blog post      Q  What is the difference between the source code found in the OpenJDK   repository  and the code you use to build the Oracle JDK       A  It is very close - our build process for Oracle JDK releases builds   on OpenJDK 7 by adding just a couple of pieces  like the deployment code    which includes Oracle s implementation of the Java Plugin and Java   WebStart  as well as some closed source third party components like a   graphics rasterizer  some open source third party components  like   Rhino  and a few bits and pieces here and there  like additional   documentation or third party fonts  Moving forward  our intent is to   open source all pieces of the Oracle JDK except those that we consider   commercial features such as JRockit Mission Control  not yet available   in Oracle JDK   and replace encumbered third party components with   open source alternatives to achieve closer parity between the code   bases

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My understanding is that Oracle JDK can t be used in production  therefore I cannot legally use it  without paying   for the web application I am building for my company  I have to use OpenJDK  Please correct me if I am wrong  From this article      Starting with Java 11  the Oracle JDK is restricted to development and   testing environments  Oracle JDKs may only be used in production if   you buy the commercial support  Instead  Oracle will provide Java   builds based on OpenJDK for free which can be used in production  But   for the official Oracle JDK the real roadmap will look like this    UPDATE  I m wrong  I can use Oracle JDK for free but won t get security updates after 6 mos and we ll have to assume the risk  Look at the above linked article section  What does the new release train mean to my company

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Aside from the obvious licensing difference  the major difference between OpenJDK and OracleJDK 11 are stability and performance updates   Source  https   www youtube com watch v Adv9--6IcQI amp t 385  Every 6 months the two codebases will be in-sync  But during the 6 month window OpenJDK will only receive security updates while OracleJDK will receive additional stability and performance updates   Given that update releases only occur every 3 months for both OpenJDK and OracleJDK this means that you are missing out on  at most  3 months worth of fixes until the next major release comes out and you upgrade  However  if you choose to stick to LTS releases then a commercial license begins to make more sense

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It is very close - our build process for Oracle JDK releases builds on OpenJDK 7 by adding just a couple of pieces  like the deployment code  which includes Oracle s implementation of the Java Plugin and Java WebStart  as well as some closed source third-party components like a graphics rasterizer  some open-source third party components  like Rhino  and a few bits and pieces here and there  like additional documentation or third-party fonts  Moving forward  we intend to open source all pieces of the Oracle JDK except those that we consider commercial features such as JRockit Mission Control  not yet available in Oracle JDK  and replace encumbered third-party components with open source alternatives to achieve closer parity between the codebases             Yes  the garbage collection and other JVM parameters are the same             The performance of GC is the same in both

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A key difference going forward is the release schedule and support policy     OpenJDK  OpenJDK will have a feature release every 6 months which is only supported until the next feature release  It s essentially a continuous stream of releases targeted to developers     Oracle JDK  The Oracle JDK is targeted more towards an enterprise audience which values stability   It s based on one of the OpenJDK releases but  is then given long term support  LTS    The Oracle JDK has releases planned every 3 years      Source  https   www oracle com java java9-screencasts html bcid 5582439790001 amp playerType single-social amp size events

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Oracle will deliver releases every three years  while OpenJDK will be released  every six months  Oracle provides long term support for its releases  On the other hand  OpenJDK supports the changes to a release only until the next version is released  Oracle JDK was licensed under Oracle Binary Code License Agreement  whereas OpenJDK has the GNU General Public License  GNU GPL  version 2 with a linking exception  Oracle product has Flight Recorder  Java Mission Control  and Application Class-Data Sharing features  while OpenJDK has the Font Renderer feature Also  Oracle has more Garbage Collection options and better renderers  Oracle JDK is fully developed by Oracle Corporation whereas the OpenJDK is developed by Oracle  OpenJDK  and the Java Community  However  the top-notch companies like Red Hat  Azul Systems  IBM  Apple Inc   SAP AG also take an active part in its development      From Java 11 turn to a big change   Oracle will change its historical    BCL    license with a combination of an open source  and commercial license   Oracle   s kit for Java 11 emits a warning when using the -XX  UnlockCommercialFeatures option  whereas in OpenJDK builds  this option results in an error Oracle JDK offers a configuration to provide usage log data to the    Advanced Management Console    tool Oracle has always required third party cryptographic providers to be signed by a known certificate  while cryptography framework in OpenJDK has an open cryptographic interface  which means there is no restriction as to which providers can be used Oracle JDK 11 will continue to include installers  branding  and JRE packaging  whereas OpenJDK builds are currently available as zip and tar gz files The javac    release command behaves differently for the Java 9 and Java 10 targets due to the presence of some additional modules in Oracle   s release The output of the java    version and java -fullversion commands will distinguish Oracle   s builds from OpenJDK builds       Update    25-Aug-2019        for more details oracle-vs-openjdk

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According to the oracle blog  Oracle JDK Releases for Java 11 and Later  Starting with Java 11  Oracle will provide JDK releases under the open source GNU General Public License v2  with the Classpath Exception  GPLv2 CPE   and under a commercial license for those using the Oracle JDK as part of an Oracle product or service  or who do not wish to use open source software   This combination of using an open source license and a commercial license replaces the historical    BCL    license  which had a combination of free and paid commercial terms   Different builds will be provided for each license  but these builds are functionally identical aside from some cosmetic and packaging differences  described in detail below   From the BCL to the GPL  The Binary Code License for Oracle Java SE technologies     BCL     has been the primary license for Oracle Java SE technologies for well over a decade  The BCL permits use without license fees under certain conditions   To simplify things going forward  Oracle started providing open source licensed OpenJDK builds as of Java 9  using the same license model as the Linux platform  If you are used to getting Oracle Java SE binaries for free  you can simply continue doing so with Oracle   s OpenJDK builds available at jdk java net   If you are used to getting Oracle Java SE binaries as part of a commercial product or service from Oracle  then you can continue to get Oracle JDK releases through My Oracle Support  MOS   and other locations   Functionally identical and interchangeable     Oracle   s BCL-licensed JDK historically contained    commercial features    that were not available in OpenJDK builds  As promised  however  over the past year Oracle has contributed these features to the OpenJDK Community  including    Java Flight Recorder  Java Mission Control  Application Class-Data Sharing  and ZGC    From Java 11 forward  therefore  Oracle JDK builds and OpenJDK builds will be essentially identical      yet with some cosmetic and packaging differences  There do remain a small number of differences  some intentional and cosmetic  and some simply because more time to discuss with OpenJDK contributors is warranted    Oracle JDK 11 emits a warning when using the -XX  UnlockCommercialFeatures option  whereas in OpenJDK builds this option results in an error  This option was never part of OpenJDK and it would not make sense to add it now  since there are no commercial features in OpenJDK  This difference remains in order to make it easier for users of Oracle JDK 10 and earlier releases to migrate to Oracle JDK 11 and later   Oracle JDK 11 can be configured to provide usage log data to the    Advanced Management Console    tool  which is a separate commercial Oracle product   We will work with other OpenJDK contributors to discuss how such usage data may be useful in OpenJDK in future releases  if at all    This difference remains primarily to provide a consistent experience to Oracle customers until such decisions are made  The javac --release command behaves differently for the Java 9 and Java 10 targets  since in those releases the Oracle JDK contained some additional modules that were not part of corresponding OpenJDK releases    javafx base javafx controls javafx fxml javafx graphics javafx media javafx web java jnlp jdk jfr jdk management cmm jdk management jfr jdk management resource jdk packager services jdk snmp    This difference remains in order to provide a consistent experience for specific kinds of legacy use  These modules are either now available separately as part of OpenJFX  are now in both OpenJDK and the Oracle JDK because they were commercial features which Oracle contributed to OpenJDK  e g   Flight Recorder   or were removed from Oracle JDK 11  e g   JNLP     The output of the java --version and java -fullversion commands will distinguish Oracle JDK builds from OpenJDK builds  so that support teams can diagnose any issues that may exist   Specifically  running java --version with an Oracle JDK 11 build results in    java 11 2018-09-25  Java TM  SE Runtime Environment 18 9  build 11 28   Java HotSpot TM  64-Bit Server VM 18 9  build 11 28  mixed mode   And for an OpenJDK 11 build   openjdk version  11  2018-09-25  OpenJDK Runtime Environment 18 9  build 11 28   OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 18 9  build 11 28  mixed mode    The Oracle JDK has always required third party cryptographic providers to be signed by a known certificate   The cryptography framework in OpenJDK has an open cryptographic interface  meaning it does not restrict which providers can be used   Oracle JDK 11 will continue to require a valid signature  and Oracle OpenJDK builds will continue to allow the use of either a valid signature or unsigned third party crypto provider   Oracle JDK 11 will continue to include installers  branding and JRE packaging for an experience consistent with legacy desktop uses   Oracle OpenJDK builds are currently available as zip and tar gz files  while alternative distribution formats are being considered

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