My devices stopped working as Chrome de-activated the now depracated ADB plugin as it's built in dev-tools now.
I downloaded the SDK and followed the instructions at Chrome Developers. How ever I found the instructions served by Alphonso out not to be sufficient and I did it this way on Windows 8:
I had major problems and managed to get it working with these steps. If you still have problems, google the guide Remote Debugging on Android with Chrome and check for the part about drivers. I had problems with my Samsung Galaxy Nexus that needed special drivers to be compatiable with ADB.
Update
If you are using Windows 10 and couldn't find the link to download Android SDK; you may skip #1 and #2. All you need is activate "Android Debug Bridge". Go straight to #3 - #7 after download and execute "platform-tools"(https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/platform-tools.html)