[java] javax vs java package

What's the rationale behind the javax package? What goes into java and what into javax?

I know a lot of enterprise-y packages are in javax, but so is Swing, the new date and time api (JSR-310) and other J2SE packages.

java.* packages are the core Java language packages, meaning that programmers using the Java language had to use them in order to make any worthwhile use of the java language.

javax.* packages are optional packages, which provides a standard, scalable way to make custom APIs available to all applications running on the Java platform.

Javax used to be only for extensions. Yet later sun added it to the java libary forgetting to remove the x. Developers started making code with javax. Yet later on in time suns decided to change it to java. Developers didn't like the idea because they're code would be ruined... so javax was kept.

Some packages like javax.swing were not included in java standard library at first. Sun company decided to consider them official and included them into the early versions of java as standard libraries or standard extensions.

By convention, all the standard extensions start with an X while they can get promoted to first-class over time like what happened for javax.swing.

Originally javax was intended to be for extensions, and sometimes things would be promoted out of javax into java.

One issue was Netscape (and probably IE) limiting classes that could be in the java package.

When Swing was set to "graduate" to java from javax there was sort of a mini-blow up because people realized that they would have to modify all of their imports. Given that backwards compatibility is one of the primary goals of Java they changed their mind.

At that point in time, at least for the community (maybe not for Sun) the whole point of javax was lost. So now we have some things in javax that probably should be in java... but aside from the people that chose the package names I don't know if anyone can figure out what the rationale is on a case-by-case basis.

java packages are base, and javax packages are extensions.

Swing was an extension because AWT was the original UI API. Swing came afterwards, in version 1.1.

The javax namespace is usually (that's a loaded word) used for standard extensions, currently known as optional packages. The standard extensions are a subset of the non-core APIs; the other segment of the non-core APIs obviously called the non-standard extensions, occupying the namespaces like com.sun.* or com.ibm.. The core APIs take up the java. namespace.

Not everything in the Java API world starts off in core, which is why extensions are usually born out of JSR requests. They are eventually promoted to core based on 'wise counsel'.

The interest in this nomenclature, came out of a faux pas on Sun's part - extensions could have been promoted to core, i.e. moved from javax.* to java.* breaking the backward compatibility promise. Programmers cried hoarse, and better sense prevailed. This is why, the Swing API although part of the core, continues to remain in the javax.* namespace. And that is also how packages get promoted from extensions to core - they are simply made available for download as part of the JDK and JRE.