After uninstalling too much on my Win7-64bit machine I was stuck here too. I didn't want to reinstall the OS and none of the tricks worked expect for this registry hack below. Most of this trick I found in an old pchelpforum port but I had to adapt it to my 64-bit installation:
(For a 32-bit repair, probably skip the Wow6432Node path)
Now right click in the empty window on the right and add this data (there will probably be at least a Default string value located here, just leave it):
New->Binary Value
Name: InstalledVersion
Type: REG_BINARY
Data: 00 00 00 09 00 00 00 00
New->DWORD (32-bit) Value
Name: InstallMDX
Type: REG_DWORD
Data: 0x00000001
New->String Value
Name: SDKVersion
Type: REG_SZ
Data: 9.26.1590.0
New->String Value
Name: Version
Type: REG_SZ
Data: 4.09.00.0904
Reinstall using latest DXSDK installer. Runtime only option may work too but I didn't test it.