[java] Boolean.parseBoolean("1") = false...?

It accepts only a string value of "true" to represent boolean true. Best what you can do is

boolean uses_votes = "1".equals(o.get("uses_votes"));

Or if the Map actually represents an "entitiy", I think a Javabean is way much better. Or if it represents configuration settings, you may want to take a look into Apache Commons Configuration.