Trim a string based on the string length

Question

I want to trim a string if the length exceeds 10 characters   Suppose if the string length is 12  String s  abcdafghijkl    then the new trimmed string will contain  abcdefgh      How can I achieve this

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With Kotlin it is as simple as   yourString take 10       Returns a string containing the first n characters from this string  or the entire string if this string is shorter    Documentation

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StringUtils abbreviate from Apache Commons Lang library could be your friend   StringUtils abbreviate  abcdefg   6     abc     StringUtils abbreviate  abcdefg   7     abcdefg  StringUtils abbreviate  abcdefg   8     abcdefg  StringUtils abbreviate  abcdefg   4     a       Commons Lang3 even allow to set a custom String as replacement marker  With this you can for example set a single character ellipsis   StringUtils abbreviate  abcdefg     u2026   6     abcde

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import java util Scanner     public class Task1            static Scanner input new Scanner System in            static String sentence           static int length           public static void main String   args           TODO code application logic here          System out println  quot Please Enter a sentence and the length you wish it to be  quot             sentence input nextLine             System out println  quot Please Enter the length you wish it to be  quot             length input nextInt               invoking the method for truncating           truncate length sentence      public static void truncate int len  String sent       int count 0   used to keep a record everytime the code encounters a whitespace     String status  quot not quot    changes when the the truncated sentence is printed        iterating through the sentence in accordance to its length     for int i 0 i lt sent length   i             checking for whitespaces to determine where each word ends         if sent substring i  i 1  equals  quot   quot                  count is incremented everytime a whitespace is encountered i e a word            count count 1              if count equals length needed i e the number of words so far equals the length needed            if count  len                   the sentence is printed substring-wise                 for int j 0 j lt i j                        System out print sent substring j  j 1                                    status  quot printed quot                  break                                                       prints the sentence the way it is in cases where the desired length exceeds the number of words in the sentece itself     if status equals  quot not quot             for int j 0 j lt sent length   j                 System out print sent substring j  j 1

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this is how you shorten the length of the string with       add following method to your class private String abbreviate String s     if s length    lt   10  return s    return s substring 0  8     quot    quot

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Or you can just use this method in case you don t have StringUtils on hand   public static String abbreviateString String input  int maxLength        if  input length    lt   maxLength           return input      else          return input substring 0  maxLength-2

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There is a Apache Commons StringUtils function which does this  s   StringUtils left s  10    If len characters are not available  or the String is null  the String will be returned without an exception  An empty String is returned if len is negative    StringUtils left null         null StringUtils left   -ve         quot  quot  StringUtils left  quot  quot              quot  quot  StringUtils left  quot abc quot   0       quot  quot  StringUtils left  quot abc quot   2       quot ab quot  StringUtils left  quot abc quot   4       quot abc quot   StringUtils Left JavaDocs Courtesy Steeve McCauley

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As usual nobody cares about UTF-16 surrogate pairs  See about them  What are the most common non-BMP Unicode characters in actual use  Even authors of org apache commons commons-lang3  You can see difference between correct code and usual code in this sample   public static void main String   args          string with FACE WITH TEARS OF JOY symbol     String s    abcdafghi uD83D uDE02cdefg       int maxWidth   10      System out println s         do not care about UTF-16 surrogate pairs     System out println s substring 0  Math min s length    maxWidth           correctly process UTF-16 surrogate pairs     if s length   gt maxWidth           int correctedMaxWidth    Character isLowSurrogate s charAt maxWidth    amp  amp maxWidth gt 0   maxWidth-1   maxWidth          System out println s substring 0  Math min s length    correctedMaxWidth

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str  null   str   str substring 0  Math min str length    10     or   str  null        str substring 0  Math min str length    10     Works with null

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Here is the Kotlin solution One line  if  yourString  length    gt   10  yourString  take 90  plus  quot     quot   else yourString  Traditional  if  yourString  length    gt   10      yourString  take 10  plus  quot     quot      else     yourString

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Just in case you are looking for a way to trim and keep the LAST 10 characters of a string   s   s substring Math max s length   10  - 10

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s   s substring 0  Math min s length    10     Using Math min like this avoids an exception in the case where the string is already shorter than 10   Notes   The above does real trimming   If you actually want to replace the last three     characters with dots if it truncates  then use Apache Commons StringUtils abbreviate   For typical implementations of String  s substring 0  s length    will return s rather than allocating a new String   This may behave incorrectly1 if your String contains Unicode codepoints outside of the BMP  e g  Emojis   For a  more complicated  solution that works correctly for all Unicode code-points  see  sibnick s solution     1 - A Unicode codepoint that is not on plane 0  the BMP  is represented as a  quot surrogate pair quot   i e  two char values  in the String   By ignoring this  we might trim to fewer than 10 code points  or  worse  truncate in the middle of a surrogate pair   On the other hand  String length   is no longer an ideal measure of Unicode text length  so trimming based on it may be the wrong thing to do

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s   s length    gt  10   s substring 0  9    s

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tl dr  You seem to be asking for an ellipsis       character in the last place  when truncating  Here is a one-liner to manipulate your input string   String input    abcdefghijkl   String output     input length     gt  10     input substring   0   10 - 1   concat             input    See this code run live at IdeOne com      abcdefghi      Ternary operator  We can make a one-liner by using the ternary operator    String input    abcdefghijkl     String output          input length    gt  10               If too long                                              input           substring  0   10 - 1              Take just the first part  adjusting by 1 to replace that last character with an ellipsis       concat                               Add the ellipsis character                                          Or  if not too long        input                               Just return original string      See this code run live at IdeOne com      abcdefghi      Java streams  The Java Streams facility makes this interesting  as of Java 9 and later  Interesting  but maybe not the best approach   We use code points rather than char values  The char type is legacy  and is limited to the a subset of all possible Unicode characters   String input    abcdefghijkl    int limit   10   String output           input                  codePoints                    limit  limit                    collect                                        Collect the results of processing each code point                          StringBuilder  new                      Supplier lt R gt  supplier                         StringBuilder  appendCodePoint          ObjIntConsumer lt R gt  accumulator                         StringBuilder  append                   BiConsumer lt R  R gt  combiner                                    toString               If we had excess characters truncated  replace the last character with an  ellipsis    if   input length     gt  limit         output   output substring   0   output length    - 1                If only I could think of a way to put together the stream line with the  if over limit  do ellipsis  part

[java] Trim a string based on the string length

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