[css] input[type='text'] CSS selector does not apply to default-type text inputs?

The CSS uses only the data in the DOM tree, which has little to do with how the renderer decides what to do with elements with missing attributes.

So either let the CSS reflect the HTML

input:not([type]), input[type="text"]
{
background:red;
}

or make the HTML explicit.

<input name='t1' type='text'/> /* Is Not Red */

If it didn't do that, you'd never be able to distinguish between

element { ...properties... }

and

element[attr] { ...properties... }

because all attributes would always be defined on all elements. (For example, table always has a border attribute, with 0 for a default.)