Switch tabs using Selenium WebDriver with Java

Question

Using Selenium WebDriver with JAVA  I am trying to automate a functionality where I have to open a new tab do some operations there and come back to previous tab  Parent   I used switch handle but it s not working  And one strange thing the two tabs are having same window handle due to which I am not able to switch between tabs   However when I am trying with different Firefox windows it works  but for tab it s not working   Please help me  How can I switch tabs  OR how can I switch tabs without using window handle as window handle is same of both tabs in my case    I have observed that when you open different tabs in same window  window handle remains same

User · Answer

driver findElement By cssSelector  body    sendKeys Keys CONTROL Keys SHIFT Keys TAB     This method helps in switching between multiple windows  The restricting problem with this method is that it can only be used so many times until the required window is reached  Hope it helps

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Since the driver window handles is not in order   a better solution is this      first switch to the first tab using the shortcut Control   X to switch to the  x  th tab in the browser window     driver findElement By cssSelector  body    sendKeys Keys CONTROL    1      goes to 1st tab  driver findElement By cssSelector  body    sendKeys Keys CONTROL    4      goes to 4th tab if its exists or goes to last tab

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Please see below   WebDriver driver   new FirefoxDriver     driver manage   window   maximize    driver get  https   www irctc co in     String oldTab   driver getWindowHandle       For opening window in New Tab String selectLinkOpeninNewTab   Keys chord Keys CONTROL Keys RETURN    driver findElement By linkText  Hotels  amp  Lounge    sendKeys selectLinkOpeninNewTab       Perform Ctrl   Tab to focus on new Tab window new Actions driver  sendKeys Keys chord Keys CONTROL  Keys TAB   perform        Switch driver control to focused tab window driver switchTo   window oldTab    driver findElement By id  textfield    sendKeys  bangalore      Hope this is helpful

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protected void switchTabsUsingPartOfUrl String platform        String currentHandle   null      try           final Set lt String gt  handles   driver getWindowHandles            if  handles size    gt  1                currentHandle   driver getWindowHandle                      if  currentHandle    null                for  final String handle   handles                    driver switchTo   window handle                   if  currentUrl   contains platform   amp  amp   currentHandle equals handle                         break                                            else               for  final String handle   handles                    driver switchTo   window handle                   if  currentUrl   contains platform                         break                                                  catch  Exception e            System out println  Switching tabs failed              Call this method and pass parameter a substring of url of the tab you want to switch to

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The flaw with the selected answer is that it unnecessarily assumes order in webDriver getWindowHandles     The getWindowHandles   method returns a Set  which does not guarantee order    I used the following code to change tabs  which does not assume any ordering    String currentTabHandle   driver getWindowHandle    String newTabHandle   driver getWindowHandles           stream           filter handle - gt   handle equals currentTabHandle            findFirst           get    driver switchTo   window newTabHandle

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String selectLinkOpeninNewTab   Keys chord Keys CONTROL  Keys RETURN       WebElement e   driver findElement By              xpath  html body header div div 1  nav a     e sendKeys selectLinkOpeninNewTab    to open the link in a current page in to the browsers new tab      e sendKeys Keys CONTROL     t     to move focus to next tab in same browser     try           Thread sleep 8000         catch  InterruptedException e1               TODO Auto-generated catch block         e1 printStackTrace                to wait some time in that tab     e sendKeys Keys CONTROL     t     to switch the focus to old tab again   Hope it helps to you

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The first thing you need to do is opening a new tab and save it s handle name  It will be best to do it using javascript and not keys ctrl t  since keys aren t always available on automation servers  example   public static String openNewTab String url        executeJavaScript  window parent   window open  parent           ArrayList lt String gt  tabs   new ArrayList lt String gt  bot driver getWindowHandles         String handleName   tabs get 1       bot driver switchTo   window handleName       System setProperty  current window handle   handleName       bot driver get url       return handleName      The second thing you need to do is switching between the tabs  Doing it by switch window handles only  will not always work since the tab you ll work on  won t always be in focus and Selenium will fail from time to time  As I said  it s a bit problematic to use keys  and javascript doesn t really support switching tabs  so I used alerts to switch tabs and it worked like a charm   public static void switchTab int tabNumber  String handleName            driver switchTo   window handleName           System setProperty  current window handle   handleName           if  tabNumber  1              executeJavaScript  alert   alert                else             executeJavaScript  parent alert   alert                bot wait 1000           driver switchTo   alert   accept

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Set lt String gt  tabs   driver getWindowHandles    Iterator lt String gt  it   tabs iterator    tab1   it next    tab2   it next    driver switchTo   window tab1   driver close    driver switchTo   window tab2    Try this  It should work

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public void switchToNextTab             ArrayList lt String gt  tab   new ArrayList lt  gt  driver getWindowHandles             driver switchTo   window tab get 1                   public void closeAndSwitchToNextTab             driver close            ArrayList lt String gt  tab   new ArrayList lt  gt  driver getWindowHandles             driver switchTo   window tab get 1               public void switchToPreviousTab             ArrayList lt String gt  tab   new ArrayList lt  gt  driver getWindowHandles             driver switchTo   window tab get 0               public void closeTabAndReturn             driver close            ArrayList lt String gt  tab   new ArrayList lt  gt  driver getWindowHandles             driver switchTo   window tab get 0               public void switchToPreviousTabAndClose             ArrayList lt String gt  tab   new ArrayList lt  gt  driver getWindowHandles             driver switchTo   window tab get 1            driver close

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psdbComponent clickDocumentLink        ArrayList lt String gt  tabs2   new ArrayList lt String gt   driver getWindowHandles         driver switchTo   window tabs2 get 1        driver close        driver switchTo   window tabs2 get 0      This code perfectly worked for me  Try it out  You always need to switch your driver to new tab  before you want to do something on new tab

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To get parent window handles      String parentHandle   driverObj getWindowHandle    public String switchTab String parentHandle       String currentHandle          Set lt String gt  win    ts getDriver   getWindowHandles            Iterator lt String gt  it    win iterator        if win size    gt  1           while it hasNext                 String handle   it next                if   handle equalsIgnoreCase parentHandle                    ts getDriver   switchTo   window handle                   currentHandle   handle                                    else          System out println  Unable to switch              return currentHandle

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This will work for the MacOS for Firefox and Chrome      opens the default browser tab with the first webpage driver get  the url 1    thread sleep 2000       opens the second tab driver findElement By cssSelector  Body    sendKeys Keys COMMAND    t    driver get  the url 2    Thread sleep 2000       comes back to the first tab driver findElement By cssSelector  Body    sendKeys Keys COMMAND  Keys SHIFT

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With Selenium 2 53 1 using firefox 47 0 1 as the WebDriver in Java  no matter how many tabs I opened   driver getWindowHandles    would only return one handle so it was impossible to switch between tabs   Once I started using Chrome 51 0  I could get all handles   The following code show how to access multiple drivers and multiple tabs within each driver      INITIALIZE TWO DRIVERS  THESE REPRESENT SEPARATE CHROME WINDOWS  driver1   new ChromeDriver    driver2   new ChromeDriver        LOOP TO OPEN AS MANY TABS AS YOU WISH for int i   0  i  lt  TAB NUMBER  i         driver1 findElement By cssSelector  body    sendKeys Keys CONTROL    t          SLEEP FOR SPLIT SECOND TO ALLOW DRIVER TIME TO OPEN TAB    Thread sleep 100       STORE TAB HANDLES IN ARRAY LIST FOR EASY ACCESS ArrayList tabs1   new ArrayList lt String gt   driver1 getWindowHandles         REPEAT FOR THE SECOND DRIVER  SECOND CHROME BROWSER WINDOW      LOOP TO OPEN AS MANY TABS AS YOU WISH for int i   0  i  lt  TAB NUMBER  i         driver2 findElement By cssSelector  body    sendKeys Keys CONTROL    t          SLEEP FOR SPLIT SECOND TO ALLOW DRIVER TIME TO OPEN TAB    Thread sleep 100       STORE TAB HANDLES IN ARRAY LIST FOR EASY ACCESS ArrayList tabs2   new ArrayList lt String gt   driver1 getWindowHandles         NOW PERFORM DESIRED TASKS WITH FIRST BROWSER IN ANY TAB for int ii   0  ii  lt   TAB NUMBER  ii         driver1 switchTo   window tabs1 get ii          LOGIC FOR THAT DRIVER S CURRENT TAB       PERFORM DESIRED TASKS WITH SECOND BROWSER IN ANY TAB for int ii   0  ii  lt   TAB NUMBER  ii         drvier2 switchTo   window tabs2 get ii          LOGIC FOR THAT DRIVER S CURRENT TAB     Hopefully that gives you a good idea of how to manipulate multiple tabs in multiple browser windows

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A brief example of how to switch between tabs in a browser  in case with one window       open the first tab driver get  https   www google com    Thread sleep 2000       open the second tab driver findElement By cssSelector  body    sendKeys Keys CONTROL    t    driver get  https   www google com    Thread sleep 2000       switch to the previous tab driver findElement By cssSelector  body    sendKeys Keys CONTROL        Keys SHIFT        Keys TAB   Thread sleep 2000     I write Thread sleep 2000  just to have a timeout to see switching between the tabs   You can use CTRL TAB for switching to the next tab and CTRL SHIFT TAB for switching to the previous tab

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It is A very simple process  assume you have two tabs so you need to first close the current tab by using client window callback  because the switch command  switches to the first available one   Then you can easily switch tab using client switchTab

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Work around  Assumption   By Clicking something on your web page leads to open a new tab   Use below logic to switch to second tab   new Actions driver  sendKeys driver findElement By tagName  html     Keys CONTROL  sendKeys driver findElement By tagName  html    Keys NUMPAD2  build   perform      In the same manner you can switch back to first tab again   new Actions driver  sendKeys driver findElement By tagName  html     Keys CONTROL  sendKeys driver findElement By tagName  html    Keys NUMPAD1  build   perform

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public class TabBrowserDemo    public static void main String   args  throws InterruptedException       System out println  Main Started        System setProperty  webdriver gecko driver    driver  geckodriver exe        WebDriver driver   new FirefoxDriver        driver get  https   www irctc co in eticketing userSignUp jsf        driver manage   timeouts   implicitlyWait 30  TimeUnit SECONDS        driver findElement By xpath    a text    Flights      click        waitForLoad driver       Set lt String gt  ids   driver getWindowHandles        Iterator lt String gt  iterator   ids iterator        String parentID   iterator next        System out println  Parent WIn id     parentID       String childID   iterator next        System out println  child win id     childID        driver switchTo   window childID       List lt WebElement gt  hyperlinks   driver findElements By xpath    a          System out println  Total links in tabbed browser     hyperlinks size          Thread sleep 3000       driver close        driver switchTo   window parentID       List lt WebElement gt  hyperlinksOfParent   driver findElements By xpath    a          System out println  Total links     hyperlinksOfParent size         public static void waitForLoad WebDriver driver        ExpectedCondition lt Boolean gt  pageLoadCondition   new             ExpectedCondition lt Boolean gt                      public Boolean apply WebDriver driver                        return   JavascriptExecutor driver  executeScript  return document readyState   equals  complete                                         WebDriverWait wait   new WebDriverWait driver  30       wait until pageLoadCondition

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Simple Answer which worked for me   for  String handle1   driver1 getWindowHandles              System out println handle1            driver1 switchTo   window handle1

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This is a simple solution for opening a new tab  changing focus to it  closing the tab and return focus to the old original tab    Test public void testTabs         driver get  https   business twitter com start-advertising        assertStartAdvertising            considering that there is only one tab opened in that point      String oldTab   driver getWindowHandle        driver findElement By linkText  Twitter Advertising Blog    click        ArrayList lt String gt  newTab   new ArrayList lt String gt  driver getWindowHandles         newTab remove oldTab          change focus to new tab     driver switchTo   window newTab get 0        assertAdvertisingBlog            Do what you want here  you are in the new tab      driver close           change focus back to old tab     driver switchTo   window oldTab       assertStartAdvertising            Do what you want here  you are in the old tab    private void assertStartAdvertising         assertEquals  Start Advertising   Twitter for Business   driver getTitle        private void assertAdvertisingBlog         assertEquals  Twitter Advertising   driver getTitle

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I had a problem recently  the link was opened in a new tab  but selenium focused still on the initial tab   I m using Chromedriver and the only way to focus on a tab was for me to use switch to window     Here s the Python code   driver switch to window driver window handles -1     So the tip is to find out the name of the window handle you need  they are stored as list in  driver window handles

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There is a difference how web driver handles different windows and how it handles different tabs  Case 1  In case there are multiple windows  then the following code can help     Get the current window handle String windowHandle   driver getWindowHandle       Get the list of window handles ArrayList tabs   new ArrayList  driver getWindowHandles     System out println tabs size       Use the list of window handles to switch between windows driver switchTo   window tabs get 0       Switch back to original window driver switchTo   window mainWindowHandle      Case 2  In case there are multiple tabs in the same window  then there is only one window handle  Hence switching between window handles keeps the control in the same tab  In this case using Ctrl    t  Ctrl   Tab  to switch between tabs is more useful     Open a new tab using Ctrl   t driver findElement By cssSelector  body    sendKeys Keys CONTROL   t      Switch between tabs using Ctrl    t driver findElement By cssSelector  body    sendKeys Keys CONTROL    t      Detailed sample code can be found here  http   design-interviews blogspot com 2014 11 switching-between-tabs-in-same-browser-window html

[java] Switch tabs using Selenium WebDriver with Java

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