Just a wild guess: (not much to go on) but I have had similar problems when, for example, I was using the IIS rewrite module on my local machine (and it worked fine), but when I uploaded to a host that did not have that add-on module installed, I would get a 500 error with very little to go on - sounds similar. It drove me crazy trying to find it.
So make sure whatever options/addons that you might have and be using locally in IIS are also installed on the host.
Similarly, make sure you understand everything that is being referenced/used in your web.config - that is likely the problem area.