Programs & Examples On #Utf 8

@S-Lott gives the right procedure, but expanding on the Unicode issues, the Python interpreter can provide more insights.

Jon Skeet is right (unusual) about the codecs module - it contains byte strings:

>>> import codecs
>>> codecs.BOM
'\xff\xfe'
>>> codecs.BOM_UTF8
'\xef\xbb\xbf'
>>> 

Picking another nit, the BOM has a standard Unicode name, and it can be entered as:

>>> bom= u"\N{ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE}"
>>> bom
u'\ufeff'

It is also accessible via unicodedata:

>>> import unicodedata
>>> unicodedata.lookup('ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE')
u'\ufeff'
>>> 

That meta tag basically specifies which character set a website is written with.

Here is a definition of UTF-8:

UTF-8 (U from Universal Character Set + Transformation Format—8-bit) is a character encoding capable of encoding all possible characters (called code points) in Unicode. The encoding is variable-length and uses 8-bit code units.

Since Java 7 you can do the same with Files.newBufferedWriter a little more succinctly:

Path logFile = Paths.get("/tmp/example.txt");
try (BufferedWriter writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(logFile, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
    writer.write("Hello World!");
    // ...
}

As all of these comments are true, you should note that as far as ICANN approved Arabic (Persian) and Chinese characters to be registered as Domain Name, all of the browser-making companies (Microsoft, Mozilla, Apple, etc.) have to support Unicode in URLs without any encoding, and those should be searchable by Google, etc.

So this issue will resolve ASAP.

To strip all non-ASCII characters from the input string

$result = preg_replace('/[\x00-\x1F\x80-\xFF]/', '', $string);

That code removes any characters in the hex ranges 0-31 and 128-255, leaving only the hex characters 32-127 in the resulting string, which I call $result in this example.

?:

1. Set your PERL_UNICODE envariable to AS. This makes all Perl scripts decode @ARGV as UTF-8 strings, and sets the encoding of all three of stdin, stdout, and stderr to UTF-8. Both these are global effects, not lexical ones.

2. At the top of your source file (program, module, library, dohickey), prominently assert that you are running perl version 5.12 or better via:

   use v5.12;  # minimal for unicode string feature
   use v5.14;  # optimal for unicode string feature
   

3. Enable warnings, since the previous declaration only enables strictures and features, not warnings. I also suggest promoting Unicode warnings into exceptions, so use both these lines, not just one of them. Note however that under v5.14, the utf8 warning class comprises three other subwarnings which can all be separately enabled: nonchar, surrogate, and non_unicode. These you may wish to exert greater control over.

   use warnings;
   use warnings qw( FATAL utf8 );
   

4. Declare that this source unit is encoded as UTF-8. Although once upon a time this pragma did other things, it now serves this one singular purpose alone and no other:

   use utf8;
   

5. Declare that anything that opens a filehandle within this lexical scope but not elsewhere is to assume that that stream is encoded in UTF-8 unless you tell it otherwise. That way you do not affect other module’s or other program’s code.

   use open qw( :encoding(UTF-8) :std );
   

6. Enable named characters via \N{CHARNAME}.

   use charnames qw( :full :short );
   

7. If you have a DATA handle, you must explicitly set its encoding. If you want this to be UTF-8, then say:

   binmode(DATA, ":encoding(UTF-8)");
   

There is of course no end of other matters with which you may eventually find yourself concerned, but these will suffice to approximate the state goal to “make everything just work with UTF-8”, albeit for a somewhat weakened sense of those terms.

One other pragma, although it is not Unicode related, is:

      use autodie;

It is strongly recommended.

? ?

My own boilerplate these days tends to look like this:

use 5.014;

use utf8;
use strict;
use autodie;
use warnings; 
use warnings    qw< FATAL  utf8     >;
use open        qw< :std  :utf8     >;
use charnames   qw< :full >;
use feature     qw< unicode_strings >;

use File::Basename      qw< basename >;
use Carp                qw< carp croak confess cluck >;
use Encode              qw< encode decode >;
use Unicode::Normalize  qw< NFD NFC >;

END { close STDOUT }

if (grep /\P{ASCII}/ => @ARGV) { 
   @ARGV = map { decode("UTF-8", $_) } @ARGV;
}

$0 = basename($0);  # shorter messages
$| = 1;

binmode(DATA, ":utf8");

# give a full stack dump on any untrapped exceptions
local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub {
    confess "Uncaught exception: @_" unless $^S;
};

# now promote run-time warnings into stack-dumped
#   exceptions *unless* we're in an try block, in
#   which case just cluck the stack dump instead
local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
    if ($^S) { cluck   "Trapped warning: @_" } 
    else     { confess "Deadly warning: @_"  }
};

while (<>)  {
    chomp;
    $_ = NFD($_);
    ...
} continue {
    say NFC($_);
}

__END__

Saying that “Perl should [somehow!] enable Unicode by default” doesn’t even start to begin to think about getting around to saying enough to be even marginally useful in some sort of rare and isolated case. Unicode is much much more than just a larger character repertoire; it’s also how those characters all interact in many, many ways.

Even the simple-minded minimal measures that (some) people seem to think they want are guaranteed to miserably break millions of lines of code, code that has no chance to “upgrade” to your spiffy new Brave New World modernity.

It is way way way more complicated than people pretend. I’ve thought about this a huge, whole lot over the past few years. I would love to be shown that I am wrong. But I don’t think I am. Unicode is fundamentally more complex than the model that you would like to impose on it, and there is complexity here that you can never sweep under the carpet. If you try, you’ll break either your own code or somebody else’s. At some point, you simply have to break down and learn what Unicode is about. You cannot pretend it is something it is not.

goes out of its way to make Unicode easy, far more than anything else I’ve ever used. If you think this is bad, try something else for a while. Then come back to : either you will have returned to a better world, or else you will bring knowledge of the same with you so that we can make use of your new knowledge to make better at these things.

?

At a minimum, here are some things that would appear to be required for to “enable Unicode by default”, as you put it:

1. All source code should be in UTF-8 by default. You can get that with use utf8 or export PERL5OPTS=-Mutf8.

2. The DATA handle should be UTF-8. You will have to do this on a per-package basis, as in binmode(DATA, ":encoding(UTF-8)").

3. Program arguments to scripts should be understood to be UTF-8 by default. export PERL_UNICODE=A, or perl -CA, or export PERL5OPTS=-CA.

4. The standard input, output, and error streams should default to UTF-8. export PERL_UNICODE=S for all of them, or I, O, and/or E for just some of them. This is like perl -CS.

5. Any other handles opened by should be considered UTF-8 unless declared otherwise; export PERL_UNICODE=D or with i and o for particular ones of these; export PERL5OPTS=-CD would work. That makes -CSAD for all of them.

6. Cover both bases plus all the streams you open with export PERL5OPTS=-Mopen=:utf8,:std. See uniquote.

7. You don’t want to miss UTF-8 encoding errors. Try export PERL5OPTS=-Mwarnings=FATAL,utf8. And make sure your input streams are always binmoded to :encoding(UTF-8), not just to :utf8.

8. Code points between 128–255 should be understood by to be the corresponding Unicode code points, not just unpropertied binary values. use feature "unicode_strings" or export PERL5OPTS=-Mfeature=unicode_strings. That will make uc("\xDF") eq "SS" and "\xE9" =~ /\w/. A simple export PERL5OPTS=-Mv5.12 or better will also get that.

9. Named Unicode characters are not by default enabled, so add export PERL5OPTS=-Mcharnames=:full,:short,latin,greek or some such. See uninames and tcgrep.

10. You almost always need access to the functions from the standard Unicode::Normalize module various types of decompositions. export PERL5OPTS=-MUnicode::Normalize=NFD,NFKD,NFC,NFKD, and then always run incoming stuff through NFD and outbound stuff from NFC. There’s no I/O layer for these yet that I’m aware of, but see nfc, nfd, nfkd, and nfkc.

11. String comparisons in using eq, ne, lc, cmp, sort, &c&cc are always wrong. So instead of @a = sort @b, you need @a = Unicode::Collate->new->sort(@b). Might as well add that to your export PERL5OPTS=-MUnicode::Collate. You can cache the key for binary comparisons.

12. built-ins like printf and write do the wrong thing with Unicode data. You need to use the Unicode::GCString module for the former, and both that and also the Unicode::LineBreak module as well for the latter. See uwc and unifmt.

13. If you want them to count as integers, then you are going to have to run your \d+ captures through the Unicode::UCD::num function because ’s built-in atoi(3) isn’t currently clever enough.

14. You are going to have filesystem issues on filesystems. Some filesystems silently enforce a conversion to NFC; others silently enforce a conversion to NFD. And others do something else still. Some even ignore the matter altogether, which leads to even greater problems. So you have to do your own NFC/NFD handling to keep sane.

15. All your code involving a-z or A-Z and such MUST BE CHANGED, including m//, s///, and tr///. It’s should stand out as a screaming red flag that your code is broken. But it is not clear how it must change. Getting the right properties, and understanding their casefolds, is harder than you might think. I use unichars and uniprops every single day.

16. Code that uses \p{Lu} is almost as wrong as code that uses [A-Za-z]. You need to use \p{Upper} instead, and know the reason why. Yes, \p{Lowercase} and \p{Lower} are different from \p{Ll} and \p{Lowercase_Letter}.

17. Code that uses [a-zA-Z] is even worse. And it can’t use \pL or \p{Letter}; it needs to use \p{Alphabetic}. Not all alphabetics are letters, you know!

18. If you are looking for variables with /[\$\@\%]\w+/, then you have a problem. You need to look for /[\$\@\%]\p{IDS}\p{IDC}*/, and even that isn’t thinking about the punctuation variables or package variables.

19. If you are checking for whitespace, then you should choose between \h and \v, depending. And you should never use \s, since it DOES NOT MEAN [\h\v], contrary to popular belief.

20. If you are using \n for a line boundary, or even \r\n, then you are doing it wrong. You have to use \R, which is not the same!

21. If you don’t know when and whether to call Unicode::Stringprep, then you had better learn.

22. Case-insensitive comparisons need to check for whether two things are the same letters no matter their diacritics and such. The easiest way to do that is with the standard Unicode::Collate module. Unicode::Collate->new(level => 1)->cmp($a, $b). There are also eq methods and such, and you should probably learn about the match and substr methods, too. These are have distinct advantages over the built-ins.

23. Sometimes that’s still not enough, and you need the Unicode::Collate::Locale module instead, as in Unicode::Collate::Locale->new(locale => "de__phonebook", level => 1)->cmp($a, $b) instead. Consider that Unicode::Collate::->new(level => 1)->eq("d", "ð") is true, but Unicode::Collate::Locale->new(locale=>"is",level => 1)->eq("d", " ð") is false. Similarly, "ae" and "æ" are eq if you don’t use locales, or if you use the English one, but they are different in the Icelandic locale. Now what? It’s tough, I tell you. You can play with ucsort to test some of these things out.

24. Consider how to match the pattern CVCV (consonsant, vowel, consonant, vowel) in the string “niño”. Its NFD form — which you had darned well better have remembered to put it in — becomes “nin\x{303}o”. Now what are you going to do? Even pretending that a vowel is [aeiou] (which is wrong, by the way), you won’t be able to do something like (?=[aeiou])\X) either, because even in NFD a code point like ‘ø’ does not decompose! However, it will test equal to an ‘o’ using the UCA comparison I just showed you. You can’t rely on NFD, you have to rely on UCA.

And that’s not all. There are a million broken assumptions that people make about Unicode. Until they understand these things, their code will be broken.

1. Code that assumes it can open a text file without specifying the encoding is broken.

2. Code that assumes the default encoding is some sort of native platform encoding is broken.

3. Code that assumes that web pages in Japanese or Chinese take up less space in UTF-16 than in UTF-8 is wrong.

4. Code that assumes Perl uses UTF-8 internally is wrong.

5. Code that assumes that encoding errors will always raise an exception is wrong.

6. Code that assumes Perl code points are limited to 0x10_FFFF is wrong.

7. Code that assumes you can set $/ to something that will work with any valid line separator is wrong.

8. Code that assumes roundtrip equality on casefolding, like lc(uc($s)) eq $s or uc(lc($s)) eq $s, is completely broken and wrong. Consider that the uc("s") and uc("?") are both "S", but lc("S") cannot possibly return both of those.

9. Code that assumes every lowercase code point has a distinct uppercase one, or vice versa, is broken. For example, "ª" is a lowercase letter with no uppercase; whereas both "?" and "?" are letters, but they are not lowercase letters; however, they are both lowercase code points without corresponding uppercase versions. Got that? They are not \p{Lowercase_Letter}, despite being both \p{Letter} and \p{Lowercase}.

10. Code that assumes changing the case doesn’t change the length of the string is broken.

11. Code that assumes there are only two cases is broken. There’s also titlecase.

12. Code that assumes only letters have case is broken. Beyond just letters, it turns out that numbers, symbols, and even marks have case. In fact, changing the case can even make something change its main general category, like a \p{Mark} turning into a \p{Letter}. It can also make it switch from one script to another.

13. Code that assumes that case is never locale-dependent is broken.

14. Code that assumes Unicode gives a fig about POSIX locales is broken.

15. Code that assumes you can remove diacritics to get at base ASCII letters is evil, still, broken, brain-damaged, wrong, and justification for capital punishment.

16. Code that assumes that diacritics \p{Diacritic} and marks \p{Mark} are the same thing is broken.

17. Code that assumes \p{GC=Dash_Punctuation} covers as much as \p{Dash} is broken.

18. Code that assumes dash, hyphens, and minuses are the same thing as each other, or that there is only one of each, is broken and wrong.

19. Code that assumes every code point takes up no more than one print column is broken.

20. Code that assumes that all \p{Mark} characters take up zero print columns is broken.

21. Code that assumes that characters which look alike are alike is broken.

22. Code that assumes that characters which do not look alike are not alike is broken.

23. Code that assumes there is a limit to the number of code points in a row that just one \X can match is wrong.

24. Code that assumes \X can never start with a \p{Mark} character is wrong.

25. Code that assumes that \X can never hold two non-\p{Mark} characters is wrong.

26. Code that assumes that it cannot use "\x{FFFF}" is wrong.

27. Code that assumes a non-BMP code point that requires two UTF-16 (surrogate) code units will encode to two separate UTF-8 characters, one per code unit, is wrong. It doesn’t: it encodes to single code point.

28. Code that transcodes from UTF-16 or UTF-32 with leading BOMs into UTF-8 is broken if it puts a BOM at the start of the resulting UTF-8. This is so stupid the engineer should have their eyelids removed.

29. Code that assumes the CESU-8 is a valid UTF encoding is wrong. Likewise, code that thinks encoding U+0000 as "\xC0\x80" is UTF-8 is broken and wrong. These guys also deserve the eyelid treatment.

30. Code that assumes characters like > always points to the right and < always points to the left are wrong — because they in fact do not.

31. Code that assumes if you first output character X and then character Y, that those will show up as XY is wrong. Sometimes they don’t.

32. Code that assumes that ASCII is good enough for writing English properly is stupid, shortsighted, illiterate, broken, evil, and wrong. Off with their heads! If that seems too extreme, we can compromise: henceforth they may type only with their big toe from one foot. (The rest will be duct taped.)

33. Code that assumes that all \p{Math} code points are visible characters is wrong.

34. Code that assumes \w contains only letters, digits, and underscores is wrong.

35. Code that assumes that ^ and ~ are punctuation marks is wrong.

36. Code that assumes that ü has an umlaut is wrong.

37. Code that believes things like ? contain any letters in them is wrong.

38. Code that believes \p{InLatin} is the same as \p{Latin} is heinously broken.

39. Code that believe that \p{InLatin} is almost ever useful is almost certainly wrong.

40. Code that believes that given $FIRST_LETTER as the first letter in some alphabet and $LAST_LETTER as the last letter in that same alphabet, that [${FIRST_LETTER}-${LAST_LETTER}] has any meaning whatsoever is almost always complete broken and wrong and meaningless.

41. Code that believes someone’s name can only contain certain characters is stupid, offensive, and wrong.

42. Code that tries to reduce Unicode to ASCII is not merely wrong, its perpetrator should never be allowed to work in programming again. Period. I’m not even positive they should even be allowed to see again, since it obviously hasn’t done them much good so far.

43. Code that believes there’s some way to pretend textfile encodings don’t exist is broken and dangerous. Might as well poke the other eye out, too.

44. Code that converts unknown characters to ? is broken, stupid, braindead, and runs contrary to the standard recommendation, which says NOT TO DO THAT! RTFM for why not.

45. Code that believes it can reliably guess the encoding of an unmarked textfile is guilty of a fatal mélange of hubris and naïveté that only a lightning bolt from Zeus will fix.

46. Code that believes you can use printf widths to pad and justify Unicode data is broken and wrong.

47. Code that believes once you successfully create a file by a given name, that when you run ls or readdir on its enclosing directory, you’ll actually find that file with the name you created it under is buggy, broken, and wrong. Stop being surprised by this!

48. Code that believes UTF-16 is a fixed-width encoding is stupid, broken, and wrong. Revoke their programming licence.

49. Code that treats code points from one plane one whit differently than those from any other plane is ipso facto broken and wrong. Go back to school.

50. Code that believes that stuff like /s/i can only match "S" or "s" is broken and wrong. You’d be surprised.

51. Code that uses \PM\pM* to find grapheme clusters instead of using \X is broken and wrong.

52. People who want to go back to the ASCII world should be whole-heartedly encouraged to do so, and in honor of their glorious upgrade they should be provided gratis with a pre-electric manual typewriter for all their data-entry needs. Messages sent to them should be sent via an ??????s telegraph at 40 characters per line and hand-delivered by a courier. STOP.

I don’t know how much more “default Unicode in ” you can get than what I’ve written. Well, yes I do: you should be using Unicode::Collate and Unicode::LineBreak, too. And probably more.

As you see, there are far too many Unicode things that you really do have to worry about for there to ever exist any such thing as “default to Unicode”.

What you’re going to discover, just as we did back in 5.8, that it is simply impossible to impose all these things on code that hasn’t been designed right from the beginning to account for them. Your well-meaning selfishness just broke the entire world.

And even once you do, there are still critical issues that require a great deal of thought to get right. There is no switch you can flip. Nothing but brain, and I mean real brain, will suffice here. There’s a heck of a lot of stuff you have to learn. Modulo the retreat to the manual typewriter, you simply cannot hope to sneak by in ignorance. This is the 21?? century, and you cannot wish Unicode away by willful ignorance.

You have to learn it. Period. It will never be so easy that “everything just works,” because that will guarantee that a lot of things don’t work — which invalidates the assumption that there can ever be a way to “make it all work.”

You may be able to get a few reasonable defaults for a very few and very limited operations, but not without thinking about things a whole lot more than I think you have.

As just one example, canonical ordering is going to cause some real headaches. "\x{F5}" ‘õ’, "o\x{303}" ‘õ’, "o\x{303}\x{304}" ‘?’, and "o\x{304}\x{303}" ‘o~’ should all match ‘õ’, but how in the world are you going to do that? This is harder than it looks, but it’s something you need to account for.

If there’s one thing I know about Perl, it is what its Unicode bits do and do not do, and this thing I promise you: “ _?_?_?_?_?_ _?_s_ _?_?_ _U_?_?_?_?_?_?_ _?_?_?_?_?_ _?_?_?_?_?_?_ _ ”

You cannot just change some defaults and get smooth sailing. It’s true that I run with PERL_UNICODE set to "SA", but that’s all, and even that is mostly for command-line stuff. For real work, I go through all the many steps outlined above, and I do it very, ** very** carefully.

¡?dl?? ???? ?do? pu? ???p ???u ? ???? ???nl poo?

For Those who are facing difficulty just got to php admin and change collation to utf8_general_ci Select Table go to Operations>> table options>> collations should be there

From the JVM™ Tool Interface documentation…

Since the command-line cannot always be accessed or modified, for example in embedded VMs or simply VMs launched deep within scripts, a JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS variable is provided so that agents may be launched in these cases.

By setting the (Windows) environment variable JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS to -Dfile.encoding=UTF8, the (Java) System property will be set automatically every time a JVM is started. You will know that the parameter has been picked up because the following message will be posted to System.err:

Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Dfile.encoding=UTF8

What you're asking for is extremely hard. If possible, getting the user to specify the encoding is the best. Preventing an attack shouldn't be much easier or harder that way.

However, you could try doing this:

iconv(mb_detect_encoding($text, mb_detect_order(), true), "UTF-8", $text);

Setting it to strict might help you get a better result.

I have success with using the Chrome addon "Sharelatex". This online editor has great compability with most latex files, but it somewhat lacks configuration possibilities. www.sharelatex.com

Try putting this into the top of your file (before any other output):

<?php

header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8');

?>

You must have copy/paste text from Word Document. Word document use Smart Quotes. You can replace it with Special Character (’) or simply type in your HTML editor (').

I'm sure this will solve your problem.

import codecs

 ...

fichier = codecs.open(filePath, "r", encoding="utf-8")

 ...

fichierTemp = codecs.open("tempASCII", "w", encoding="ascii", errors="ignore")
fichierTemp.write(contentOfFile)

 ...

function correctedText($txt=''){
  $ss = str_split($txt);
    
  for($i=0; $i<count($ss); $i++){
    $asciiNumber = ord($ss[$i]);// get the ascii dec of a single character
    
    // asciiNumber will be from the DEC column showing at https://www.ascii-code.com
    
    // capital letters only checked 
    if($asciiNumber >= 192 && $asciiNumber <= 197)$ss[$i] = 'A';
    elseif($asciiNumber == 198)$ss[$i] = 'AE';
    elseif($asciiNumber == 199)$ss[$i] = 'C';
    elseif($asciiNumber >= 200 && $asciiNumber <= 203)$ss[$i] = 'E';
    elseif($asciiNumber >= 204 && $asciiNumber <= 207)$ss[$i] = 'I';
    elseif($asciiNumber == 209)$ss[$i] = 'N';
    elseif($asciiNumber >= 210 && $asciiNumber <= 214)$ss[$i] = 'O';
    elseif($asciiNumber == 216)$ss[$i] = 'O';
    elseif($asciiNumber >= 217 && $asciiNumber <= 220)$ss[$i] = 'U';
    elseif($asciiNumber == 221)$ss[$i] = 'Y';
  }
    
  $txt = implode('', $ss);
    
  return $txt;
}

Here are examples of the BOM usage that actually cause real problems and yet many people don't know about it.

BOM breaks scripts

Shell scripts, Perl scripts, Python scripts, Ruby scripts, Node.js scripts or any other executable that needs to be run by an interpreter - all start with a shebang line which looks like one of those:

#!/bin/sh
#!/usr/bin/python
#!/usr/local/bin/perl
#!/usr/bin/env node

It tells the system which interpreter needs to be run when invoking such a script. If the script is encoded in UTF-8, one may be tempted to include a BOM at the beginning. But actually the "#!" characters are not just characters. They are in fact a magic number that happens to be composed out of two ASCII characters. If you put something (like a BOM) before those characters, then the file will look like it had a different magic number and that can lead to problems.

See Wikipedia, article: Shebang, section: Magic number:

The shebang characters are represented by the same two bytes in extended ASCII encodings, including UTF-8, which is commonly used for scripts and other text files on current Unix-like systems. However, UTF-8 files may begin with the optional byte order mark (BOM); if the "exec" function specifically detects the bytes 0x23 and 0x21, then the presence of the BOM (0xEF 0xBB 0xBF) before the shebang will prevent the script interpreter from being executed. Some authorities recommend against using the byte order mark in POSIX (Unix-like) scripts,[14] for this reason and for wider interoperability and philosophical concerns. Additionally, a byte order mark is not necessary in UTF-8, as that encoding does not have endianness issues; it serves only to identify the encoding as UTF-8. [emphasis added]

BOM is illegal in JSON

See RFC 7159, Section 8.1:

Implementations MUST NOT add a byte order mark to the beginning of a JSON text.

BOM is redundant in JSON

Not only it is illegal in JSON, it is also not needed to determine the character encoding because there are more reliable ways to unambiguously determine both the character encoding and endianness used in any JSON stream (see this answer for details).

BOM breaks JSON parsers

Not only it is illegal in JSON and not needed, it actually breaks all software that determine the encoding using the method presented in RFC 4627:

Determining the encoding and endianness of JSON, examining the first four bytes for the NUL byte:

00 00 00 xx - UTF-32BE
00 xx 00 xx - UTF-16BE
xx 00 00 00 - UTF-32LE
xx 00 xx 00 - UTF-16LE
xx xx xx xx - UTF-8

Now, if the file starts with BOM it will look like this:

00 00 FE FF - UTF-32BE
FE FF 00 xx - UTF-16BE
FF FE 00 00 - UTF-32LE
FF FE xx 00 - UTF-16LE
EF BB BF xx - UTF-8

Note that:

1. UTF-32BE doesn't start with three NULs, so it won't be recognized
2. UTF-32LE the first byte is not followed by three NULs, so it won't be recognized
3. UTF-16BE has only one NUL in the first four bytes, so it won't be recognized
4. UTF-16LE has only one NUL in the first four bytes, so it won't be recognized

Depending on the implementation, all of those may be interpreted incorrectly as UTF-8 and then misinterpreted or rejected as invalid UTF-8, or not recognized at all.

Additionally, if the implementation tests for valid JSON as I recommend, it will reject even the input that is indeed encoded as UTF-8, because it doesn't start with an ASCII character < 128 as it should according to the RFC.

Other data formats

BOM in JSON is not needed, is illegal and breaks software that works correctly according to the RFC. It should be a nobrainer to just not use it then and yet, there are always people who insist on breaking JSON by using BOMs, comments, different quoting rules or different data types. Of course anyone is free to use things like BOMs or anything else if you need it - just don't call it JSON then.

For other data formats than JSON, take a look at how it really looks like. If the only encodings are UTF-* and the first character must be an ASCII character lower than 128 then you already have all the information needed to determine both the encoding and the endianness of your data. Adding BOMs even as an optional feature would only make it more complicated and error prone.

Other uses of BOM

As for the uses outside of JSON or scripts, I think there are already very good answers here. I wanted to add more detailed info specifically about scripting and serialization, because it is an example of BOM characters causing real problems.

function stringToUint(string) {
    var string = btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(string))),
        charList = string.split(''),
        uintArray = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < charList.length; i++) {
        uintArray.push(charList[i].charCodeAt(0));
    }
    return new Uint8Array(uintArray);
}

function uintToString(uintArray) {
    var encodedString = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, uintArray),
        decodedString = decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(encodedString)));
    return decodedString;
}

I have done, with some help from the internet, these little functions, they should solve your problems! Here is the working JSFiddle.

EDIT:

Since the source of the Uint8Array is external and you can't use atob you just need to remove it(working fiddle):

function uintToString(uintArray) {
    var encodedString = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, uintArray),
        decodedString = decodeURIComponent(escape(encodedString));
    return decodedString;
}

Warning: escape and unescape is removed from web standards. See this.

If not HTML, then UTF-8 is not recommended. koi8-r and windows-1251 only without problems. So use html mail.

$headers['Content-Type']='text/html; charset=UTF-8';
$body='<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>ESP Notufy - ESP ?????????</title></head><body>'.$text.'</body></html>';


$mail_object=& Mail::factory('smtp',
    array ('host' => $host,
        'auth' => true,
        'username' => $username,
        'password' => $password));
$mail_object->send($recipents, $headers, $body);
}

Check the path of the file to be read. My code kept on giving me errors until I changed the path name to present working directory. The error was:

newchars, decodedbytes = self.decode(data, self.errors)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 0: invalid start byte

Your method must read byte by byte and fully understand and appreciate the byte wise construction of characters. The simplest method is to use an editor which will read anything but only output UTF-8 characters. Textpad is one choice.

except for codecs.open(), one can uses io.open() to work with Python2 or Python3 to read / write unicode file

example

import io

text = u'á'
encoding = 'utf8'

with io.open('data.txt', 'w', encoding=encoding, newline='\n') as fout:
    fout.write(text)

with io.open('data.txt', 'r', encoding=encoding, newline='\n') as fin:
    text2 = fin.read()

assert text == text2

Here is an easy way with String output (I created a method to do this):

public static String (String input){
    String output = "";
    try {
        /* From ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8 */
        output = new String(input.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8");
        /* From UTF-8 to ISO-8859-1 */
        output = new String(input.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO-8859-1");
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return output;
}
// Example
input = "Música";
output = "Música";

The compiler is using the UTF-8 character encoding to read your source file. But the file must have been written by an editor using a different encoding. Open your file in an editor set to the UTF-8 encoding, fix the quote mark, and save it again.

Alternatively, you can find the Unicode point for the character and use a Unicode escape in the source code. For example, the character A can be replaced with the Unicode escape \u0041.

By the way, you don't need to use the begin- and end-line anchors ^ and $ when using the matches() method. The entire sequence must be matched by the regular expression when using the matches() method. The anchors are only useful with the find() method.

You can have something like this

 switch (EncodingFormat.Trim().ToLower())
    {
        case "utf-8":
            File.WriteAllBytes(fileName, ASCIIEncoding.Convert(ASCIIEncoding.ASCII, new UTF8Encoding(false), convertToCSV(result, fileName)));
            break;
        case "utf-8+bom":
            File.WriteAllBytes(fileName, ASCIIEncoding.Convert(ASCIIEncoding.ASCII, new UTF8Encoding(true), convertToCSV(result, fileName)));
            break;
        case "ISO-8859-1":
            File.WriteAllBytes(fileName, ASCIIEncoding.Convert(ASCIIEncoding.ASCII, Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1"), convertToCSV(result, fileName)));
            break;
        case ..............
    }

set meta tag in head as

 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> 

use the link http://www.i18nqa.com/debug/utf8-debug.html to replace the symbols character you want.

then use str_replace like

    $find = array('“', '’', '…', '—', '–', '‘', 'é', 'Â', '•', 'Ëœ', 'â€'); // en dash
                        $replace = array('“', '’', '…', '—', '–', '‘', 'é', '', '•', '˜', '”');
$content = str_replace($find, $replace, $content);

Its the method i use and help alot. Thanks!

Add system variable (for Windows) "JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS" = "-Dfile.encoding=UTF8".

I did it only way to fix this error.

Here is a simpler method (hack) that gives you back the setdefaultencoding() function that was deleted from sys:

import sys
# sys.setdefaultencoding() does not exist, here!
reload(sys)  # Reload does the trick!
sys.setdefaultencoding('UTF8')

(Note for Python 3.4+: reload() is in the importlib library.)

This is not a safe thing to do, though: this is obviously a hack, since sys.setdefaultencoding() is purposely removed from sys when Python starts. Reenabling it and changing the default encoding can break code that relies on ASCII being the default (this code can be third-party, which would generally make fixing it impossible or dangerous).

I ran into the same problem every time it finds a special character marks it as ??. to solve this, I tried using the encoding: ISO-8859-1

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("txtPath"),"ISO-8859-1"));

while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {

}

I hope this can help anyone who sees this post.

Just used the Nathan's solution and it works fine. I needed to convert ISO-8859-1 to Unicode:

string isocontent = Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-1").GetString(fileContent, 0, fileContent.Length);
byte[] isobytes = Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-1").GetBytes(isocontent);
byte[] ubytes = Encoding.Convert(Encoding.GetEncoding("ISO-8859-1"), Encoding.Unicode, isobytes);
return Encoding.Unicode.GetString(ubytes, 0, ubytes.Length);

The logic of encoding Unicode in UTF-8 is basically:

• Up to 4 bytes per character can be used. The fewest number of bytes possible is used.
• Characters up to U+007F are encoded with a single byte.
• For multibyte sequences, the number of leading 1 bits in the first byte gives the number of bytes for the character. The rest of the bits of the first byte can be used to encode bits of the character.
• The continuation bytes begin with 10, and the other 6 bits encode bits of the character.

Here's a function I wrote a while back for encoding a JavaScript UTF-16 string in UTF-8:

function toUTF8Array(str) {
    var utf8 = [];
    for (var i=0; i < str.length; i++) {
        var charcode = str.charCodeAt(i);
        if (charcode < 0x80) utf8.push(charcode);
        else if (charcode < 0x800) {
            utf8.push(0xc0 | (charcode >> 6), 
                      0x80 | (charcode & 0x3f));
        }
        else if (charcode < 0xd800 || charcode >= 0xe000) {
            utf8.push(0xe0 | (charcode >> 12), 
                      0x80 | ((charcode>>6) & 0x3f), 
                      0x80 | (charcode & 0x3f));
        }
        // surrogate pair
        else {
            i++;
            // UTF-16 encodes 0x10000-0x10FFFF by
            // subtracting 0x10000 and splitting the
            // 20 bits of 0x0-0xFFFFF into two halves
            charcode = 0x10000 + (((charcode & 0x3ff)<<10)
                      | (str.charCodeAt(i) & 0x3ff));
            utf8.push(0xf0 | (charcode >>18), 
                      0x80 | ((charcode>>12) & 0x3f), 
                      0x80 | ((charcode>>6) & 0x3f), 
                      0x80 | (charcode & 0x3f));
        }
    }
    return utf8;
}

In latin1 each character is exactly one byte long. In utf8 a character can consist of more than one byte. Consequently utf8 has more characters than latin1 (and the characters they do have in common aren't necessarily represented by the same byte/bytesequence).

This helped for me:

All you need to do, is to specify a envirnoment variable called JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS. If you set this variable to -Dfile.encoding=UTF8, everytime a JVM is started, it will pick up this information.

Source: http://whatiscomingtomyhead.wordpress.com/2012/01/02/get-rid-of-unmappable-character-for-encoding-cp1252-once-and-for-all/

In my case this (a with caret) occurred in code I generated from visual studio using my own tool for generating code. It was easy to solve:

Select single spaces ( ) in the document. You should be able to see lots of single spaces that are looking different from the other single spaces, they are not selected. Select these other single spaces - they are the ones responsible for the unwanted characters in the browser. Go to Find and Replace with single space ( ). Done.

PS: It's easier to see all similar characters when you place the cursor on one or if you select it in VS2017+; I hope other IDEs may have similar features

The link has a fairly good example of when and why you may need to escape & to &

https://jsfiddle.net/vh2h7usk/1/

Interestingly, I had to escape the character in order to represent it properly in my answer here. If I were to use the built-in code sample option (from the answer panel), I can just type in & and it appears as it should. But if I were to manually use the <code></code> element, then I have to escape in order to represent it correctly :)

Use unidecode - it even converts weird characters to ascii instantly, and even converts Chinese to phonetic ascii.

$ pip install unidecode

then:

>>> from unidecode import unidecode
>>> unidecode(u'??')
'Bei Jing'
>>> unidecode(u'Škoda')
'Skoda'

The @ means that the file has extended file attributes associated with it. You can query them using the getxattr() function.

There's no definite way to detect the encoding of a file. Read this answer, it explains why.

There's a command line tool, enca, that attempts to guess the encoding. You might want to check it out.

You Can use this header

   header('Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8');

and after decoding the string

 $page = utf8_decode(curl_exec($ch));

It worked for me

A more up to date solution, for encoding:

// This is the same for all of the below, and
// you probably won't need it except for debugging
// in most cases.
function bytesToHex(bytes) {
  return Array.from(
    bytes,
    byte => byte.toString(16).padStart(2, "0")
  ).join("");
}

// You almost certainly want UTF-8, which is
// now natively supported:
function stringToUTF8Bytes(string) {
  return new TextEncoder().encode(string);
}

// But you might want UTF-16 for some reason.
// .charCodeAt(index) will return the underlying
// UTF-16 code-units (not code-points!), so you
// just need to format them in whichever endian order you want.
function stringToUTF16Bytes(string, littleEndian) {
  const bytes = new Uint8Array(string.length * 2);
  // Using DataView is the only way to get a specific
  // endianness.
  const view = new DataView(bytes.buffer);
  for (let i = 0; i != string.length; i++) {
    view.setUint16(i, string.charCodeAt(i), littleEndian);
  }
  return bytes;
}

// And you might want UTF-32 in even weirder cases.
// Fortunately, iterating a string gives the code
// points, which are identical to the UTF-32 encoding,
// though you still have the endianess issue.
function stringToUTF32Bytes(string, littleEndian) {
  const codepoints = Array.from(string, c => c.codePointAt(0));
  const bytes = new Uint8Array(codepoints.length * 4);
  // Using DataView is the only way to get a specific
  // endianness.
  const view = new DataView(bytes.buffer);
  for (let i = 0; i != codepoints.length; i++) {
    view.setUint32(i, codepoints[i], littleEndian);
  }
  return bytes;
}

Examples:

bytesToHex(stringToUTF8Bytes("hello ?? "))
// "68656c6c6f20e6bca2e5ad9720f09f918d"
bytesToHex(stringToUTF16Bytes("hello ?? ", false))
// "00680065006c006c006f00206f225b570020d83ddc4d"
bytesToHex(stringToUTF16Bytes("hello ?? ", true))
// "680065006c006c006f002000226f575b20003dd84ddc"
bytesToHex(stringToUTF32Bytes("hello ?? ", false))
// "00000068000000650000006c0000006c0000006f0000002000006f2200005b57000000200001f44d"
bytesToHex(stringToUTF32Bytes("hello ?? ", true))
// "68000000650000006c0000006c0000006f00000020000000226f0000575b0000200000004df40100"

For decoding, it's generally a lot simpler, you just need:

function hexToBytes(hex) {
    const bytes = new Uint8Array(hex.length / 2);
    for (let i = 0; i !== bytes.length; i++) {
        bytes[i] = parseInt(hex.substr(i * 2, 2), 16);
    }
    return bytes;
}

then use the encoding parameter of TextDecoder:

// UTF-8 is default
new TextDecoder().decode(hexToBytes("68656c6c6f20e6bca2e5ad9720f09f918d"));
// but you can also use:
new TextDecoder("UTF-16LE").decode(hexToBytes("680065006c006c006f002000226f575b20003dd84ddc"))
new TextDecoder("UTF-16BE").decode(hexToBytes("00680065006c006c006f00206f225b570020d83ddc4d"));
// "hello ?? "

Here's the list of allowed encoding names: https://www.w3.org/TR/encoding/#names-and-labels

You might notice UTF-32 is not on that list, which is a pain, so:

function bytesToStringUTF32(bytes, littleEndian) {
  const view = new DataView(bytes.buffer);
  const codepoints = new Uint32Array(view.byteLength / 4);
  for (let i = 0; i !== codepoints.length; i++) {
    codepoints[i] = view.getUint32(i * 4, littleEndian);
  }
  return String.fromCodePoint(...codepoints);
}

Then:

bytesToStringUTF32(hexToBytes("00000068000000650000006c0000006c0000006f0000002000006f2200005b57000000200001f44d"), false)
bytesToStringUTF32(hexToBytes("68000000650000006c0000006c0000006f00000020000000226f0000575b0000200000004df40100"), true)
// "hello ?? "

I had the same problem, when i loaded a text file via fs.readFile(), I tried to set the encodeing to UTF8, it keeped the same. my solution now is this:

myString = JSON.parse( JSON.stringify( myString ) )

after this an Ö is realy interpreted as an Ö.

I had similar problems for one of my projects to create a URI object from a string. I couldn't find any clean solution either. Here's what I came up with :

public static URI encodeURL(String url) throws MalformedURLException, URISyntaxException  
{
    URI uriFormatted = null; 

    URL urlLink = new URL(url);
    uriFormatted = new URI("http", urlLink.getHost(), urlLink.getPath(), urlLink.getQuery(), urlLink.getRef());

    return uriFormatted;
}

You can use the following URI constructor instead to specify a port if needed:

URI uri = new URI(scheme, userInfo, host, port, path, query, fragment);

This may help someone else, I started out testing for the string type of the variable s, but for my application, it made more sense to simply return s as utf-8. The process calling return_utf, then knows what it is dealing with and can handle the string appropriately. The code is not pristine, but I intend for it to be Python version agnostic without a version test or importing six. Please comment with improvements to the sample code below to help other people.

def return_utf(s):
    if isinstance(s, str):
        return s.encode('utf-8')
    if isinstance(s, (int, float, complex)):
        return str(s).encode('utf-8')
    try:
        return s.encode('utf-8')
    except TypeError:
        try:
            return str(s).encode('utf-8')
        except AttributeError:
            return s
    except AttributeError:
        return s
    return s # assume it was already utf-8

I wrote this method to handle UTF8 arrays and JSON problems. It works fine with array (simple and multidimensional).

/**
 * Encode array from latin1 to utf8 recursively
 * @param $dat
 * @return array|string
 */
   public static function convert_from_latin1_to_utf8_recursively($dat)
   {
      if (is_string($dat)) {
         return utf8_encode($dat);
      } elseif (is_array($dat)) {
         $ret = [];
         foreach ($dat as $i => $d) $ret[ $i ] = self::convert_from_latin1_to_utf8_recursively($d);

         return $ret;
      } elseif (is_object($dat)) {
         foreach ($dat as $i => $d) $dat->$i = self::convert_from_latin1_to_utf8_recursively($d);

         return $dat;
      } else {
         return $dat;
      }
   }
// Sample use
// Just pass your array or string and the UTF8 encode will be fixed
$data = convert_from_latin1_to_utf8_recursively($data);

Yes it is possible. When writing the stream creating the csv, the first thing to do is this:

myStream.Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetPreamble(), 0, Encoding.UTF8.GetPreamble().Length)

Use expression(delta) where 'delta' for lowercase d and 'Delta' to get capital ?.

Here's full list of Greek characters:

? a alpha
? ß beta
G ? gamma
? d delta
? e epsilon
? ? zeta
? ? eta
T ? theta
? ? iota
? ? kappa
? ? lambda
? µ mu
? ? nu
? ? xi
? ? omicron
? p pi
? ? rho
S s sigma
? t tau
? ? upsilon
F f phi
? ? chi
? ? psi
O ? omega

EDIT: Copied from comments, when using in conjunction with other words use like: expression(Delta*"price")

Those are two different things, as others have mentioned.

When you specify # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-, you're telling Python the source file you've saved is utf-8. The default for Python 2 is ASCII (for Python 3 it's utf-8). This just affects how the interpreter reads the characters in the file.

In general, it's probably not the best idea to embed high unicode characters into your file no matter what the encoding is; you can use string unicode escapes, which work in either encoding.

When you declare a string with a u in front, like u'This is a string', it tells the Python compiler that the string is Unicode, not bytes. This is handled mostly transparently by the interpreter; the most obvious difference is that you can now embed unicode characters in the string (that is, u'\u2665' is now legal). You can use from __future__ import unicode_literals to make it the default.

This only applies to Python 2; in Python 3 the default is Unicode, and you need to specify a b in front (like b'These are bytes', to declare a sequence of bytes).

I was able to figure it out. In case someone wants to know below the code that worked for me:

ASCIIEncoding ascii = new ASCIIEncoding();
byte[] byteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sOriginal);
byte[] asciiArray = Encoding.Convert(Encoding.UTF8, Encoding.ASCII, byteArray);
string finalString = ascii.GetString(asciiArray);

Let me know if there is a simpler way o doing it.

use utf8; does not enable Unicode output - it enables you to type Unicode in your program. Add this to the program, before your print() statement:

binmode(STDOUT, ":utf8");

See if that helps. That should make STDOUT output in UTF-8 instead of ordinary ASCII.

Thanks for the replies, it works!

And since the source files are in mixed formats, I added a list of source formats to be tried in sequence (sourceFormats), and on UnicodeDecodeError I try the next format:

from __future__ import with_statement

import os
import sys
import codecs
from chardet.universaldetector import UniversalDetector

targetFormat = 'utf-8'
outputDir = 'converted'
detector = UniversalDetector()

def get_encoding_type(current_file):
    detector.reset()
    for line in file(current_file):
        detector.feed(line)
        if detector.done: break
    detector.close()
    return detector.result['encoding']

def convertFileBestGuess(filename):
   sourceFormats = ['ascii', 'iso-8859-1']
   for format in sourceFormats:
     try:
        with codecs.open(fileName, 'rU', format) as sourceFile:
            writeConversion(sourceFile)
            print('Done.')
            return
      except UnicodeDecodeError:
        pass

def convertFileWithDetection(fileName):
    print("Converting '" + fileName + "'...")
    format=get_encoding_type(fileName)
    try:
        with codecs.open(fileName, 'rU', format) as sourceFile:
            writeConversion(sourceFile)
            print('Done.')
            return
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        pass

    print("Error: failed to convert '" + fileName + "'.")


def writeConversion(file):
    with codecs.open(outputDir + '/' + fileName, 'w', targetFormat) as targetFile:
        for line in file:
            targetFile.write(line)

# Off topic: get the file list and call convertFile on each file
# ...

(EDIT by Rudro Badhon: this incorporates the original try multiple formats until you don't get an exception as well as an alternate approach that uses chardet.universaldetector)

This works in Mac as well you can use

df= pd.read_csv('Region_count.csv', encoding ='latin1')

You can use file -i file_name to check what exactly your original file format is.

Once you get that, you can do the following:

iconv -f old_format -t utf-8 input_file -o output_file

I had a problem there. When I JSON encode a string with a character like "é", every browsers will return the same "é", except IE which will return "\u00e9".

Then with PHP json_decode(), it will fail if it find "é", so for Firefox, Opera, Safari and Chrome, I've to call utf8_encode() before json_decode().

Note : with my tests, IE and Firefox are using their native JSON object, others browsers are using json2.js.

When you get a UnicodeEncodeError, it means that somewhere in your code you convert directly a byte string to a unicode one. By default in Python 2 it uses ascii encoding, and utf8 encoding in Python3 (both may fail because not every byte is valid in either encoding)

To avoid that, you must use explicit decoding.

If you may have 2 different encoding in your input file, one of them accepts any byte (say UTF8 and Latin1), you can try to first convert a string with first and use the second one if a UnicodeDecodeError occurs.

def robust_decode(bs):
    '''Takes a byte string as param and convert it into a unicode one.
First tries UTF8, and fallback to Latin1 if it fails'''
    cr = None
    try:
        cr = bs.decode('utf8')
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        cr = bs.decode('latin1')
    return cr

If you do not know original encoding and do not care for non ascii character, you can set the optional errors parameter of the decode method to replace. Any offending byte will be replaced (from the standard library documentation):

Replace with a suitable replacement character; Python will use the official U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER for the built-in Unicode codecs on decoding and ‘?’ on encoding.

bs.decode(errors='replace')

Simple way to differentiate UTF-8 and UTF-16 is to identify commonalities between them.

Other than sharing same unicode number for given character, each one is their own format.

UTF-8 try to represent, every unicode number given to character with one byte(If it is ASCII), else 2 two bytes, else 4 bytes and so on...

UTF-16 try to represent, every unicode number given to character with two byte to start with. If two bytes are not sufficient, then uses 4 bytes. IF that is also not sufficient, then uses 6 bytes.

Theoretically, UTF-16 is more space efficient, but in practical UTF-8 is more space efficient as most of the characters(98% of data) for processing are ASCII and UTF-8 try to represent them with single byte and UTF-16 try to represent them with 2 bytes.

Also, UTF-8 is superset of ASCII encoding. So every app that expects ASCII data would also accepted by UTF-8 processor. This is not true for UTF-16. UTF-16 could not understand ASCII, and this is big hurdle for UTF-16 adoption.

Another point to note is, all UNICODE as of now could be fit in 4 bytes of UTF-8 maximum(Considering all languages of world). This is same as UTF-16 and no real saving in space compared to UTF-8 ( https://stackoverflow.com/a/8505038/3343801 )

So, people use UTF-8 where ever possible.

Note: The following applies to Windows PowerShell.
See the next section for the cross-platform PowerShell Core (v6+) edition.

• On PSv5.1 or higher, where > and >> are effectively aliases of Out-File, you can set the default encoding for > / >> / Out-File via the $PSDefaultParameterValues preference variable:

  • $PSDefaultParameterValues['Out-File:Encoding'] = 'utf8'

• On PSv5.0 or below, you cannot change the encoding for > / >>, but, on PSv3 or higher, the above technique does work for explicit calls to Out-File.
  (The $PSDefaultParameterValues preference variable was introduced in PSv3.0).

• On PSv3.0 or higher, if you want to set the default encoding for all cmdlets that support
  an -Encoding parameter (which in PSv5.1+ includes > and >>), use:

  • $PSDefaultParameterValues['*:Encoding'] = 'utf8'

If you place this command in your $PROFILE, cmdlets such as Out-File and Set-Content will use UTF-8 encoding by default, but note that this makes it a session-global setting that will affect all commands / scripts that do not explicitly specify an encoding via their -Encoding parameter.

Similarly, be sure to include such commands in your scripts or modules that you want to behave the same way, so that they indeed behave the same even when run by another user or a different machine; however, to avoid a session-global change, use the following form to create a local copy of $PSDefaultParameterValues:

• $PSDefaultParameterValues = @{ '*:Encoding' = 'utf8' }

Caveat: PowerShell, as of v5.1, invariably creates UTF-8 files _with a (pseudo) BOM_, which is customary only in the Windows world - Unix-based utilities do not recognize this BOM (see bottom); see this post for workarounds that create BOM-less UTF-8 files.

For a summary of the wildly inconsistent default character encoding behavior across many of the Windows PowerShell standard cmdlets, see the bottom section.

The automatic $OutputEncoding variable is unrelated, and only applies to how PowerShell communicates with external programs (what encoding PowerShell uses when sending strings to them) - it has nothing to do with the encoding that the output redirection operators and PowerShell cmdlets use to save to files.

Optional reading: The cross-platform perspective: PowerShell Core:

PowerShell is now cross-platform, via its PowerShell Core edition, whose encoding - sensibly - defaults to BOM-less UTF-8, in line with Unix-like platforms.

• This means that source-code files without a BOM are assumed to be UTF-8, and using > / Out-File / Set-Content defaults to BOM-less UTF-8; explicit use of the utf8 -Encoding argument too creates BOM-less UTF-8, but you can opt to create files with the pseudo-BOM with the utf8bom value.

• If you create PowerShell scripts with an editor on a Unix-like platform and nowadays even on Windows with cross-platform editors such as Visual Studio Code and Sublime Text, the resulting *.ps1 file will typically not have a UTF-8 pseudo-BOM:

  • This works fine on PowerShell Core.
  • It may break on Windows PowerShell, if the file contains non-ASCII characters; if you do need to use non-ASCII characters in your scripts, save them as UTF-8 with BOM.
    Without the BOM, Windows PowerShell (mis)interprets your script as being encoded in the legacy "ANSI" codepage (determined by the system locale for pre-Unicode applications; e.g., Windows-1252 on US-English systems).

• Conversely, files that do have the UTF-8 pseudo-BOM can be problematic on Unix-like platforms, as they cause Unix utilities such as cat, sed, and awk - and even some editors such as gedit - to pass the pseudo-BOM through, i.e., to treat it as data.

  • This may not always be a problem, but definitely can be, such as when you try to read a file into a string in bash with, say, text=$(cat file) or text=$(<file) - the resulting variable will contain the pseudo-BOM as the first 3 bytes.

Inconsistent default encoding behavior in Windows PowerShell:

Regrettably, the default character encoding used in Windows PowerShell is wildly inconsistent; the cross-platform PowerShell Core edition, as discussed in the previous section, has commendably put and end to this.

Note:

• The following doesn't aspire to cover all standard cmdlets.

• Googling cmdlet names to find their help topics now shows you the PowerShell Core version of the topics by default; use the version drop-down list above the list of topics on the left to switch to a Windows PowerShell version.

• As of this writing, the documentation frequently incorrectly claims that ASCII is the default encoding in Windows PowerShell - see this GitHub docs issue.

Cmdlets that write:

Out-File and > / >> create "Unicode" - UTF-16LE - files by default - in which every ASCII-range character (too) is represented by 2 bytes - which notably differs from Set-Content / Add-Content (see next point); New-ModuleManifest and Export-CliXml also create UTF-16LE files.

Set-Content (and Add-Content if the file doesn't yet exist / is empty) uses ANSI encoding (the encoding specified by the active system locale's ANSI legacy code page, which PowerShell calls Default).

Export-Csv indeed creates ASCII files, as documented, but see the notes re -Append below.

Export-PSSession creates UTF-8 files with BOM by default.

New-Item -Type File -Value currently creates BOM-less(!) UTF-8.

The Send-MailMessage help topic also claims that ASCII encoding is the default - I have not personally verified that claim.

Start-Transcript invariably creates UTF-8 files with BOM, but see the notes re -Append below.

Re commands that append to an existing file:

>> / Out-File -Append make no attempt to match the encoding of a file's existing content. That is, they blindly apply their default encoding, unless instructed otherwise with -Encoding, which is not an option with >> (except indirectly in PSv5.1+, via $PSDefaultParameterValues, as shown above). In short: you must know the encoding of an existing file's content and append using that same encoding.

Add-Content is the laudable exception: in the absence of an explicit -Encoding argument, it detects the existing encoding and automatically applies it to the new content.^{Thanks, js2010}. Note that in Windows PowerShell this means that it is ANSI encoding that is applied if the existing content has no BOM, whereas it is UTF-8 in PowerShell Core.

This inconsistency between Out-File -Append / >> and Add-Content, which also affects PowerShell Core, is discussed in this GitHub issue.

Export-Csv -Append partially matches the existing encoding: it blindly appends UTF-8 if the existing file's encoding is any of ASCII/UTF-8/ANSI, but correctly matches UTF-16LE and UTF-16BE.
To put it differently: in the absence of a BOM, Export-Csv -Append assumes UTF-8 is, whereas Add-Content assumes ANSI.

Start-Transcript -Append partially matches the existing encoding: It correctly matches encodings with BOM, but defaults to potentially lossy ASCII encoding in the absence of one.

Cmdlets that read (that is, the encoding used in the absence of a BOM):

Get-Content and Import-PowerShellDataFile default to ANSI (Default), which is consistent with Set-Content.
ANSI is also what the PowerShell engine itself defaults to when it reads source code from files.

By contrast, Import-Csv, Import-CliXml and Select-String assume UTF-8 in the absence of a BOM.

• The first danger lies in reload(sys).

  When you reload a module, you actually get two copies of the module in your runtime. The old module is a Python object like everything else, and stays alive as long as there are references to it. So, half of the objects will be pointing to the old module, and half to the new one. When you make some change, you will never see it coming when some random object doesn't see the change:

  (This is IPython shell)
  
  In [1]: import sys
  
  In [2]: sys.stdout
  Out[2]: <colorama.ansitowin32.StreamWrapper at 0x3a2aac8>
  
  In [3]: reload(sys)
  <module 'sys' (built-in)>
  
  In [4]: sys.stdout
  Out[4]: <open file '<stdout>', mode 'w' at 0x00000000022E20C0>
  
  In [11]: import IPython.terminal
  
  In [14]: IPython.terminal.interactiveshell.sys.stdout
  Out[14]: <colorama.ansitowin32.StreamWrapper at 0x3a9aac8>
  

• Now, sys.setdefaultencoding() proper

  All that it affects is implicit conversion str<->unicode. Now, utf-8 is the sanest encoding on the planet (backward-compatible with ASCII and all), the conversion now "just works", what could possibly go wrong?

  Well, anything. And that is the danger.

  • There may be some code that relies on the UnicodeError being thrown for non-ASCII input, or does the transcoding with an error handler, which now produces an unexpected result. And since all code is tested with the default setting, you're strictly on "unsupported" territory here, and no-one gives you guarantees about how their code will behave.
  • The transcoding may produce unexpected or unusable results if not everything on the system uses UTF-8 because Python 2 actually has multiple independent "default string encodings". (Remember, a program must work for the customer, on the customer's equipment.)
    • Again, the worst thing is you will never know that because the conversion is implicit -- you don't really know when and where it happens. (Python Zen, koan 2 ahoy!) You will never know why (and if) your code works on one system and breaks on another. (Or better yet, works in IDE and breaks in console.)

You get the question-mark-diamond characters when your textfile uses high-ANSI encoding -- meaning it uses characters between 127 and 255. Those characters have the eighth (i.e. the most significant) bit set. When ASP.NET reads the textfile it assumes UTF-8 encoding, and that most significant bit has a special meaning.

You must force ASP.NET to interpret the textfile as high-ANSI encoding, by telling it the codepage is 1252:

String textFilePhysicalPath = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/textfiles/MyInputFile.txt");
String contents = File.ReadAllText(textFilePhysicalPath, System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(1252));
lblContents.Text = contents.Replace("\n", "<br />");  // change linebreaks to HTML

It's a little difficult to tell what you're trying to achieve, but assuming you're trying to get a Base64 string that when decoded is abcdef==, the following should work:

byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("abcdef==");
string base64 = Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
Console.WriteLine(base64);

This will output: YWJjZGVmPT0= which is abcdef== encoded in Base64.

Edit:

To decode a Base64 string, simply use Convert.FromBase64String(). E.g.

string base64 = "YWJjZGVmPT0=";
byte[] bytes = Convert.FromBase64String(base64);

At this point, bytes will be a byte[] (not a string). If we know that the byte array represents a string in UTF8, then it can be converted back to the string form using:

string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
Console.WriteLine(str);

This will output the original input string, abcdef== in this case.

If I may summarise what I gathered from this thread:

Unicode 'translates' characters to ordinal numbers (in decimal form).

à -> 224

UTF-8 is an encoding that 'translates' these ordinal numbers (in decimal form) to binary representations.

224 -> 11000011 10100000

Note that we're talking about the binary representation of 224, not its binary form, which is 0b11100000.

If you are using Spring MVC version 5 you can set the encoding also using the @GetMapping annotation. Here is an example which sets the content type to JSON and also the encoding type to UTF-8:

@GetMapping(value="/rest/events", produces = "application/json; charset=UTF-8")

More information on the @GetMapping annotation here:

https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/bind/annotation/GetMapping.html

I want also to add from here this part solved my utf problem:

runtime.encoding=<encoding>

I just figured out one method to avoid above errors.

Save to database

user.first_name = u'Rytis'.encode('unicode_escape')
user.last_name = u'Slatkevicius'.encode('unicode_escape')
user.save()
>>> SUCCEED

print user.last_name
>>> Slatkevi\u010dius
print user.last_name.decode('unicode_escape')
>>> Slatkevicius

Is this the only method to save strings like that into a MySQL table and decode it before rendering to templates for display?

Process text to and from Unicode at the I/O boundaries of your program using open with the encoding parameter. Make sure to use the (hopefully documented) encoding of the file being read. The default encoding varies by OS (specifically, locale.getpreferredencoding(False) is the encoding used), so I recommend always explicitly using the encoding parameter for portability and clarity (Python 3 syntax below):

with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf8') as f:
    text = f.read()

# process Unicode text

with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
    f.write(text)

If still using Python 2 or for Python 2/3 compatibility, the io module implements open with the same semantics as Python 3's open and exists in both versions:

import io
with io.open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf8') as f:
    text = f.read()

# process Unicode text

with io.open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf8') as f:
    f.write(text)

Unfortunately, the string.encode() method is not always reliable. Check out this thread for more information: What is the fool proof way to convert some string (utf-8 or else) to a simple ASCII string in python

Before you use scan, make sure that the requested page's Content-Type header is text/html, since there can be links to things like images which are not encoded in UTF-8. The page could also be non-html if you picked up a href in something like a <link> element. How to check this varies on what HTTP library you are using. Then, make sure the result is only ascii with String#ascii_only? (not UTF-8 because HTML is only supposed to be using ascii, entities can be used otherwise). If both of those tests pass, it is safe to use scan.

<?php
function writeUTF8File($filename,$content) { 
        $f=fopen($filename,"w"); 
        # Now UTF-8 - Add byte order mark 
        fwrite($f, pack("CCC",0xef,0xbb,0xbf)); 
        fwrite($f,$content); 
        fclose($f); 
} 
?>

This question has been already answered in Unicode characters in Windows command line - how?

You missed one step -> you need to use Lucida console fonts in addition to executing chcp 65001 from cmd console.

city = 'Ribeir\xc3\xa3o Preto'
print city.decode('cp1252').encode('utf-8')

byte[] iso88591Data = theString.getBytes("ISO-8859-1");

Will do the trick. From your description it seems as if you're trying to "store an ISO-8859-1 String". String objects in Java are always implicitly encoded in UTF-16. There's no way to change that encoding.

What you can do, 'though is to get the bytes that constitute some other encoding of it (using the .getBytes() method as shown above).

Regarding this part:

When I convert it to UTF-8 without bom and close file, the file is again ANSI when I reopen.

The easiest solution is to avoid the problem entirely by properly configuring Notepad++.

Try Settings -> Preferences -> New document -> Encoding -> choose UTF-8 without BOM, and check Apply to opened ANSI files.

That way all the opened ANSI files will be treated as UTF-8 without BOM.

For explanation what's going on, read the comments below this answer.

To fully learn about Unicode and UTF-8, read this excellent article from Joel Spolsky.

Guava library has PercentEscaper:

Escaper percentEscaper = new PercentEscaper("-_.*", false);

"-_.*" are safe characters

false says PercentEscaper to escape space with '%20', not '+'

My reason for researching this question was from the perspective, is in what way are they compatible. Latin1 charset (iso-8859) is 100% compatible to be stored in a utf8 datastore. All ascii & extended-ascii chars will be stored as single-byte.

Going the other way, from utf8 to Latin1 charset may or may not work. If there are any 2-byte chars (chars beyond extended-ascii 255) they will not store in a Latin1 datastore.

There is nice tiny library to work with utf8 from c++: utfcpp

Looking at the Latin-1 unicode table, I see the character code 00E9 "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE". This is the accented character in your sample data. A simple test in Python shows that UTF-8 encoding for this character is different from the unicode (almost UTF-16) encoding.

>>> u'\u00e9'
u'\xe9'
>>> u'\u00e9'.encode('utf-8')
'\xc3\xa9'
>>> 

I suggest you try to encode("UTF-8") the unicode data before calling the special unicode_csv_reader(). Simply reading the data from a file might hide the encoding, so check the actual character values.

Do not forget to verify if your text editor encodes properly your code in UTF-8.

Otherwise, you may have invisible characters that are not interpreted as UTF-8.

UTF stands for stands for Unicode Transformation Format.Basically in today's world there are scripts written in hundreds of other languages, formats not covered by the basic ASCII used earlier. Hence, UTF came into existence.

UTF-8 has character encoding capabilities and its code unit is 8 bits while that for UTF-16 it is 16 bits.

Instead of this iconv solution:

$str = iconv('UTF-8', 'windows-1252', $str);

You could use the following:

$str = mb_convert_encoding($str, "UTF-8", "Windows-1252");

See: How to convert Windows-1252 characters to values in php?

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
Picked up JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS: -Dfile.encoding=UTF8 Anyway, it works for me:)

Very good answer using inheritance, just remember to override the initializer

public class Utf8StringWriter : StringWriter
{
    public Utf8StringWriter(StringBuilder sb) : base (sb)
    {
    }
    public override Encoding Encoding { get { return Encoding.UTF8; } }
}

Your "bad" output is UTF-8 displayed as CP1252.

On Windows, many editors assume the default ANSI encoding (CP1252 on US Windows) instead of UTF-8 if there is no byte order mark (BOM) character at the start of the file. While a BOM is meaningless to the UTF-8 encoding, its UTF-8-encoded presence serves as a signature for some programs. For example, Microsoft Office's Excel requires it even on non-Windows OSes. Try:

df.to_csv('file.csv',encoding='utf-8-sig')

That encoder will add the BOM.

Note that as of Microsoft SQL Server 2016, UTF-8 is supported by bcp, BULK_INSERT, and OPENROWSET.

Addendum 2016-12-21: SQL Server 2016 SP1 now enables Unicode Compression (and most other previously Enterprise-only features) for all versions of MS SQL including Standard and Express. This is not the same as UTF-8 support, but it yields a similar benefit if the goal is disk space reduction for Western alphabets.

If you want to save any string to mysql database do this:->

Your database field structure i phpmyadmin [ or any other control panel] should set to utf8-gerneral-ci

2) you should change your string [Ex. textbox1.text] to byte, therefor

2-1) define byte[] st2;

2-2) convert your string [textbox1.text] to unicode [ mmultibyte string] by :

byte[] st2 = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(textBox1.Text);

3) execute this sql command before any query:

string mysql_query2 = "SET NAMES 'utf8'";
cmd.CommandText = mysql_query2;
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

3-2) now you should insert this value in to for example name field by :

cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO customer (`name`) values (@name)";

4) the main job that many solution didn't attention to it is the below line: you should use addwithvalue instead of add in command parameter like below:

cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@name",ut);

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ enjoy real data in your database server instead of ????

This problem arise basically when you save your python code in a UTF-8 or UTF-16 encoding because python add some special character at the beginning of the code automatically (which is not shown by the text editors) to identify the encoding format. But, when you try to execute the code it gives you the syntax error in line 1 i.e, start of code because python compiler understands ASCII encoding. when you view the code of file using read() function you can see at the begin of the returned code '\ufeff' is shown. The one simplest solution to this problem is just by changing the encoding back to ASCII encoding(for this you can copy your code to a notepad and save it Remember! choose the ASCII encoding... Hope this will help.

In my case after files with names containing those characters were uploaded, they were not even visible with Filezilla! In Cpanel filemanager they were shown with ? (under black background). And this combination made it shown correctly on the browser (HTML document is Western-encoded):

$dspFileName = utf8_decode(htmlspecialchars(iconv(mb_internal_encoding(), 'utf-8', basename($thisFile['path']))) );

I had hit the same problem and learnt the following-

Even though database has a default character set of utf-8, it's possible for database columns to have a different character set in MySQL. Modified dB and the problematic column to UTF-8:

mysql> ALTER DATABASE MyDB CHARACTER SET 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_unicode_ci'

mysql> ALTER TABLE database.table MODIFY COLUMN column_name VARCHAR(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL;

Now creating new tables with:

> CREATE TABLE My_Table_Name (
    twitter_id_str VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    twitter_screen_name VARCHAR(512) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci,
    .....
  ) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;

The data is UTF-8 encoded bytes escaped with URL quoting, so you want to decode, with urllib.parse.unquote(), which handles decoding from percent-encoded data to UTF-8 bytes and then to text, transparently:

from urllib.parse import unquote

url = unquote(url)

Demo:

>>> from urllib.parse import unquote
>>> url = 'example.com?title=%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0'
>>> unquote(url)
'example.com?title=????????+??????'

The Python 2 equivalent is urllib.unquote(), but this returns a bytestring, so you'd have to decode manually:

from urllib import unquote

url = unquote(url).decode('utf8')

just uncomment this lines in libraries/database_interface.lib.php

if (! empty($GLOBALS['collation_connection'])) {
       // PMA_DBI_query("SET CHARACTER SET 'utf8';", $link, PMA_DBI_QUERY_STORE);
       //PMA_DBI_query("SET collation_connection = '" .
       //PMA_sqlAddslashes($GLOBALS['collation_connection']) . "';", $link, PMA_DBI_QUERY_STORE);
} else {
       //PMA_DBI_query("SET NAMES 'utf8' COLLATE 'utf8_general_ci';", $link, PMA_DBI_QUERY_STORE);
 }

if you store data in utf8 without storing charset you do not need phpmyadmin to re-convert again the connection. This will work.

Page encoding or anything else do not matter a lot. ISO-8859-1 is a subset of UTF-8, therefore you never have to convert ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8 because ISO-8859-1 is already UTF-8,a subset of UTF-8 but still UTF-8. Plus, all that do not mean a thing if You have a double encoding somewhere. This is my "cure all" recipe for all things encoding and charset related:

        String myString = "heartbroken ð";

//String is double encoded, fix that first.

                myString = new String(myString.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                String cleanedText = StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava(myString);
                byte[] bytes = cleanedText.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                String text = new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
                CharsetDecoder decoder = charset.newDecoder();
                decoder.onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.IGNORE);
                decoder.onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.IGNORE);
                CharsetEncoder encoder = charset.newEncoder();
                encoder.onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.IGNORE);
                encoder.onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.IGNORE);
                try {
                    // The new ByteBuffer is ready to be read.
                    ByteBuffer bbuf = encoder.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(text));
                    // The new ByteBuffer is ready to be read.
                    CharBuffer cbuf = decoder.decode(bbuf);
                    String str = cbuf.toString();
                } catch (CharacterCodingException e) {
                    logger.error("Error Message if you want to");

                } 

I have string that displays UTF-8 encoded characters

There is no such thing in .NET. The string class can only store strings in UTF-16 encoding. A UTF-8 encoded string can only exist as a byte[]. Trying to store bytes into a string will not come to a good end; UTF-8 uses byte values that don't have a valid Unicode codepoint. The content will be destroyed when the string is normalized. So it is already too late to recover the string by the time your DecodeFromUtf8() starts running.

Only handle UTF-8 encoded text with byte[]. And use UTF8Encoding.GetString() to convert it.

String objects in Java use the UTF-16 encoding that can't be modified.

The only thing that can have a different encoding is a byte[]. So if you need UTF-8 data, then you need a byte[]. If you have a String that contains unexpected data, then the problem is at some earlier place that incorrectly converted some binary data to a String (i.e. it was using the wrong encoding).

You need to use the OutputStreamWriter class as the writer parameter for your BufferedWriter. It does accept an encoding. Review javadocs for it.

Somewhat like this:

BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(
    new FileOutputStream("jedis.txt"), "UTF-8"
));

Or you can set the current system encoding with the system property file.encoding to UTF-8.

java -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 com.jediacademy.Runner arg1 arg2 ...

You may also set it as a system property at runtime with System.setProperty(...) if you only need it for this specific file, but in a case like this I think I would prefer the OutputStreamWriter.

By setting the system property you can use FileWriter and expect that it will use UTF-8 as the default encoding for your files. In this case for all the files that you read and write.

EDIT

• Starting from API 19, you can replace the String "UTF-8" with StandardCharsets.UTF_8

• As suggested in the comments below by tchrist, if you intend to detect encoding errors in your file you would be forced to use the OutputStreamWriter approach and use the constructor that receives a charset encoder.

  Somewhat like

  CharsetEncoder encoder = Charset.forName("UTF-8").newEncoder();
  encoder.onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.REPORT);
  encoder.onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.REPORT);
  BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("jedis.txt"),encoder));
  

  You may choose between actions IGNORE | REPLACE | REPORT

Also, this question was already answered here.

This seems to work only for some characters ... including special characters for German, Portuguese, French. However, I ran into trouble with Russian, Hindi and Mandarin characters. These are not converted to Properties format 'native2ascii', instead get saved with ?? ?? ??
The only way I could get my app to display these characters correctly is by putting them in the properties file translated to UTF-8 format - as \u0915 instead of ?, or \u044F instead of ?. Any advice?

Here's a Java 7 solution that uses Guava's excellent support library and the try-with-resources construct. It reads and writes properties files using UTF-8 for the simplest overall experience.

To read a properties file as UTF-8:

File file =  new File("/path/to/example.properties");

// Create an empty set of properties
Properties properties = new Properties();

if (file.exists()) {

  // Use a UTF-8 reader from Guava
  try (Reader reader = Files.newReader(file, Charsets.UTF_8)) {
    properties.load(reader);
  } catch (IOException e) {
    // Do something
  }
}

To write a properties file as UTF-8:

File file =  new File("/path/to/example.properties");

// Use a UTF-8 writer from Guava
try (Writer writer = Files.newWriter(file, Charsets.UTF_8)) {
  properties.store(writer, "Your title here");
  writer.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
  // Do something
}

The main reason for the error is that the default encoding assumed by python is ASCII. Hence, if the string data to be encoded by encode('utf8') contains character that is outside of ASCII range e.g. for a string like 'hgvcj???387', python would throw error because the string is not in the expected encoding format.

If you are using python version earlier than version 3.5, a reliable fix would be to set the default encoding assumed by python to utf8:

import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
name = school_name.encode('utf8')

This way python would be able to anticipate characters within a string that fall outside of ASCII range.

However, if you are using python version 3.5 or above, reload() function is not available, so you would have to fix it using decode e.g.

name = school_name.decode('utf8').encode('utf8')

Found this documentation for the TYPE command:

Convert an ASCII (Windows1252) file into a Unicode (UCS-2 le) text file:

For /f "tokens=2 delims=:" %%G in ('CHCP') do Set _codepage=%%G    
CHCP 1252 >NUL    
CMD.EXE /D /A /C (SET/P=ÿþ)<NUL > unicode.txt 2>NUL    
CMD.EXE /D /U /C TYPE ascii_file.txt >> unicode.txt    
CHCP %_codepage%    

The technique above (based on a script by Carlos M.) first creates a file with a Byte Order Mark (BOM) and then appends the content of the original file. CHCP is used to ensure the session is running with the Windows1252 code page so that the characters 0xFF and 0xFE (ÿþ) are interpreted correctly.

I had the same error, with URLs containing non-ascii chars (bytes with values > 128)

url = url.decode('utf8').encode('utf-8')

Worked for me, in Python 2.7, I suppose this assignment changed 'something' in the str internal representation--i.e., it forces the right decoding of the backed byte sequence in url and finally puts the string into a utf-8 str with all the magic in the right place. Unicode in Python is black magic for me. Hope useful

fix json values, it's add \ before u{xxx} to all +" "

  $item = preg_replace_callback('/"(.+?)":"(u.+?)",/', function ($matches) {
        $matches[2] = preg_replace('/(u)/', '\u', $matches[2]);
            $matches[2] = preg_replace('/(")/', '"', $matches[2]); 
            $matches[2] = json_decode('"' . $matches[2] . '"'); 
            return '"' . $matches[1] . '":"' . $matches[2] . '",';
        }, $item);

Some details (PL)

As we can read here (Peter Gulutzan) there is difference on sorting/comparing polish letter "L" (L with stroke - html esc: Ł) (lower case: "l" - html esc: ł) - we have following assumption:

utf8_polish_ci      L greater than L and less than M
utf8_unicode_ci     L greater than L and less than M
utf8_unicode_520_ci L equal to L
utf8_general_ci     L greater than Z

In polish language letter L is after letter L and before M. No one of this coding is better or worse - it depends of your needs.

I use this way

String strIn = new String(_bytes, 0, numBytes);

Use this package, it just works: https://github.com/jdunck/python-unicodecsv.

Can also encode like below.... gathered from https://davidwalsh.name/domdocument-utf8-problem

$profile = '<p>???????????????????????9</p>';
$dom = new DOMDocument();
$dom->loadHTML(mb_convert_encoding($profile, 'HTML-ENTITIES', 'UTF-8'));
echo $dom->saveHTML();

I found the answer on the web:

Dim fsT As Object
Set fsT = CreateObject("ADODB.Stream")
fsT.Type = 2 'Specify stream type - we want To save text/string data.
fsT.Charset = "utf-8" 'Specify charset For the source text data.
fsT.Open 'Open the stream And write binary data To the object
fsT.WriteText "special characters: äöüß"
fsT.SaveToFile sFileName, 2 'Save binary data To disk

Certainly not as I expected...

Just add next to your model.

[DataType(DataType.Date)]
public string dtArrivalDate { get; set; }

actually the quickest is to do

interval = setInterval(myFunction(),45000)

this will call myfunction, and then will do it agaian every 45 seconds which is different than doing

interval = setInterval(myfunction, 45000)

which won't call it, but schedule it only

Here is the method you can use to get header view and set data accourdingly

val headerView: View? = navigationView.getHeaderView(0) // Index of the added headerView  

// Now you can access child views of the header view
val titleTextView: TextView? = headerView?.findViewById(R.id.titleTextView)

Use theme():

d <- data.frame(x=gl(10, 1, 10, labels=paste("long text label ", letters[1:10])), y=rnorm(10))
ggplot(d, aes(x=x, y=y)) + geom_point() +
theme(text = element_text(size=20))

I was actually looking for a generic, not programming way of detecting the file encoding, but I didn't find that yet. What I did find by testing with different encodings was that my text was UTF-7.

So where I first was doing: StreamReader file = File.OpenText(fullfilename);

I had to change it to: StreamReader file = new StreamReader(fullfilename, System.Text.Encoding.UTF7);

OpenText assumes it's UTF-8.

you can also create the StreamReader like this new StreamReader(fullfilename, true), the second parameter meaning that it should try and detect the encoding from the byteordermark of the file, but that didn't work in my case.

Just to add, we can use array as well:

int i, array[4];
printf("Enter Four Ints: ");
for(i=0; i<4; i++) {
    scanf("%d", &array[i]);
}

This mostly happens when you take a SECRET key and pass it to elastic client.

e.g: Secret Key: ABCW1233**+OxMMMMMMM8x**

While configuring in the client, You should only pass: ABCW1233**(The part before the + sign).

I had same problem in my loop where i wanted to extract zip files in the same directory and then delete the zip file. The problem was that 7z requires the output folder, so i had to obtain the folder path of each file. Here is my solution:

FOR /F "usebackq tokens=1" %%i IN (`DIR /S/B *.zip` ) DO (
  7z.exe x %%i -aoa -o%%i\..
) 

%%i was a full filename path and %ii\.. simply returns the parent folder.

hope it helps.

=if([Logical Test 1],[Action 1],if([Logical Test 2],[Action 1],if([Logical Test 3],[Action 3],[Value if all logical tests return false])))

Replace the components in the square brackets as necessary.

Vertical tab was used to speed up printer vertical movement. Some printers used special tab belts with various tab spots. This helped align content on forms. VT to header space, fill in header, VT to body area, fill in lines, VT to form footer. Generally it was coded in the program as a character constant. From the keyboard, it would be CTRL-K.

I don't believe anyone would have a reason to use it any more. Most forms are generated in a printer control language like postscript.

@Talvi Wilson noted it used in python '\v'.

print("hello\vworld")

Output:

hello
     world

The above output appears to result in the default vertical size being one line. I have tested with perl "\013" and the same output occurs. This could be used to do line feed without a carriage return on devices with convert linefeed to carriage-return + linefeed.

Callbacks in C are usually implemented using function pointers and an associated data pointer. You pass your function on_event() and data pointers to a framework function watch_events() (for example). When an event happens, your function is called with your data and some event-specific data.

Callbacks are also used in GUI programming. The GTK+ tutorial has a nice section on the theory of signals and callbacks.

Note that SimpleDateFormat format pattern Z is for RFC 822 time zone and pattern X is for ISO 8601 (this standard supports single letter time zone names like Z for Zulu).

So new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSX") produces a format that can parse both "2013-03-11T01:38:18.309Z" and "2013-03-11T01:38:18.309+0000" and will give you the same result.

Unfortunately, as far as I can tell, you can't get this format to generate the Z for Zulu version, which is annoying.

I actually have more trouble on the JavaScript side to deal with both formats.

If you look at the source code for a StringBuilder or StringBuffer the setLength() call just resets an index value for the character array. IMHO using the setLength method will always be faster than a new allocation. They should have named the method 'clear' or 'reset' so it would be clearer.

i improved the function a head to be this :

var minifyImg = function(dataUrl,newWidth,imageType="image/jpeg",resolve,imageArguments=0.7){
    var image, oldWidth, oldHeight, newHeight, canvas, ctx, newDataUrl;
    (new Promise(function(resolve){
      image = new Image(); image.src = dataUrl;
      log(image);
      resolve('Done : ');
    })).then((d)=>{
      oldWidth = image.width; oldHeight = image.height;
      log([oldWidth,oldHeight]);
      newHeight = Math.floor(oldHeight / oldWidth * newWidth);
      log(d+' '+newHeight);

      canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
      canvas.width = newWidth; canvas.height = newHeight;
      log(canvas);
      ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
      ctx.drawImage(image, 0, 0, newWidth, newHeight);
      //log(ctx);
      newDataUrl = canvas.toDataURL(imageType, imageArguments);
      resolve(newDataUrl);
    });
  };

the use of it :

minifyImg(<--DATAURL_HERE-->,<--new width-->,<--type like image/jpeg-->,(data)=>{
   console.log(data); // the new DATAURL
});

enjoy ;)

EDIT: as of Java8 you'd better use Files class:

Path resultingPath = Files.createDirectories('A/B');

I don't know if this ultimately fixes your problem but class File has method mkdirs() which fully creates the path specified by the file.

File f = new File("/A/B/");
f.mkdirs();

3 answers, which you can combine:

1. Set implicit wait immediately after creating the web driver instance:

   _ = driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait;

   This will try to wait until the page is fully loaded on every page navigation or page reload.

2. After page navigation, call JavaScript return document.readyState until "complete" is returned. The web driver instance can serve as JavaScript executor. Sample code:

   C#

   new WebDriverWait(driver, MyDefaultTimeout).Until(
   d => ((IJavaScriptExecutor) d).ExecuteScript("return document.readyState").Equals("complete"));
   

   Java

   new WebDriverWait(firefoxDriver, pageLoadTimeout).until(
         webDriver -> ((JavascriptExecutor) webDriver).executeScript("return document.readyState").equals("complete"));
   

3. Check if the URL matches the pattern you expect.

Using SelectionRange you will get the Start and End date.

private void monthCalendar1_DateSelected(object sender, DateRangeEventArgs e)
{
    var startDate = monthCalendar1.SelectionRange.Start.ToString("dd MMM yyyy");
    var endDate = monthCalendar1.SelectionRange.End.ToString("dd MMM yyyy");
}

If you want to update the maximum number of days that can be selected, then set MaxSelectionCount property. The default is 7.

// Only allow 21 days to be selected at the same time.
monthCalendar1.MaxSelectionCount = 21;

This question doesn't really have anything to do with how require() works. Basically, whatever you set module.exports to in your module will be returned from the require() call for it.

This would be equivalent to:

var square = function(width) {
  return {
    area: function() {
      return width * width;
    }
  };
}

There is no need for the new keyword when calling square. You aren't returning the function instance itself from square, you are returning a new object at the end. Therefore, you can simply call this function directly.

For more intricate arguments around new, check this out: Is JavaScript's "new" keyword considered harmful?

In Powershell 5 escaping double quotes can be done by backtick (`). But sometimes you need to provide your double quotes escaped which can be done by backslash + backtick (\`). Eg in this curl call:

C:\Windows\System32\curl.exe -s -k -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST localhost:9200/index_name/inded_type -d"{\`"velocity\`":3.14}"

Yes, it's easy and possible. Define first default colors.

Console.BackgroundColor = ConsoleColor.Black;
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.White;
Console.Clear();

Console.Clear() it's important in order to set new console colors. If you don't make this step you can see combined colors when ask for values with Console.ReadLine().

Then you can change the colors on each print:

Console.BackgroundColor = ConsoleColor.Black;
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Red;
Console.WriteLine("Red text over black.");

When finish your program, remember reset console colors on finish:

Console.ResetColor();
Console.Clear();

Now with netcore we have another problem if you want to "preserve" the User experience because terminal have different colors on each Operative System.

I'm making a library that solves this problem with Text Format: colors, alignment and lot more. Feel free to use and contribute.

https://github.com/deinsoftware/colorify/ and also available as NuGet package

Colors for Windows/Linux (Dark):

Colors for MacOS (Light):

There is the beforeShowDay option, which takes a function to be called for each date, returning true if the date is allowed or false if it is not. From the docs:

beforeShowDay

The function takes a date as a parameter and must return an array with [0] equal to true/false indicating whether or not this date is selectable and 1 equal to a CSS class name(s) or '' for the default presentation. It is called for each day in the datepicker before is it displayed.

Display some national holidays in the datepicker.

$(".selector").datepicker({ beforeShowDay: nationalDays})   

natDays = [
  [1, 26, 'au'], [2, 6, 'nz'], [3, 17, 'ie'],
  [4, 27, 'za'], [5, 25, 'ar'], [6, 6, 'se'],
  [7, 4, 'us'], [8, 17, 'id'], [9, 7, 'br'],
  [10, 1, 'cn'], [11, 22, 'lb'], [12, 12, 'ke']
];

function nationalDays(date) {
    for (i = 0; i < natDays.length; i++) {
      if (date.getMonth() == natDays[i][0] - 1
          && date.getDate() == natDays[i][1]) {
        return [false, natDays[i][2] + '_day'];
      }
    }
  return [true, ''];
}

One built in function exists, called noWeekends, that prevents the selection of weekend days.

$(".selector").datepicker({ beforeShowDay: $.datepicker.noWeekends })

To combine the two, you could do something like (assuming the nationalDays function from above):

$(".selector").datepicker({ beforeShowDay: noWeekendsOrHolidays})   

function noWeekendsOrHolidays(date) {
    var noWeekend = $.datepicker.noWeekends(date);
    if (noWeekend[0]) {
        return nationalDays(date);
    } else {
        return noWeekend;
    }
}

Update: Note that as of jQuery UI 1.8.19, the beforeShowDay option also accepts an optional third paremeter, a popup tooltip

Javascript's String.fromCharCode(code1, code2, ..., codeN) takes an infinite number of arguments and returns a string of letters whose corresponding ASCII values are code1, code2, ... codeN. Since 97 is 'a' in ASCII, we can adjust for your indexing by adding 97 to your index.

function indexToChar(i) {
  return String.fromCharCode(i+97); //97 in ASCII is 'a', so i=0 returns 'a', 
                                    // i=1 returns 'b', etc
}

You simply need to use simpleCart

It is a free and open-source javascript shopping cart that easily integrates with your current website.

You will get the full source code at github

Please note that inserted, deleted means the same thing as inserted CROSS JOIN deleted and gives every combination of every row. I doubt this is what you want.

Something like this may help get you started...

SELECT
  CASE WHEN inserted.primaryKey IS NULL THEN 'This is a delete'
       WHEN  deleted.primaryKey IS NULL THEN 'This is an insert'
                                        ELSE 'This is an update'
  END  as Action,
  *
FROM
  inserted
FULL OUTER JOIN
  deleted
    ON inserted.primaryKey = deleted.primaryKey

Depending on what you want to do, you then reference the table you are interested in with inserted.userID or deleted.userID, etc.

Finally, be aware that inserted and deleted are tables and can (and do) contain more than one record.

If you insert 10 records at once, the inserted table will contain ALL 10 records. The same applies to deletes and the deleted table. And both tables in the case of an update.

EDIT Examplee Trigger after OPs edit.

ALTER TRIGGER [dbo].[UpdateUserCreditsLeft] 
  ON  [dbo].[Order]
  AFTER INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE
AS 
BEGIN

  -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
  -- interfering with SELECT statements.
  SET NOCOUNT ON;

  UPDATE
    User
  SET
    CreditsLeft = CASE WHEN inserted.UserID IS NULL THEN <new value for a  DELETE>
                       WHEN  deleted.UserID IS NULL THEN <new value for an INSERT>
                                                    ELSE <new value for an UPDATE>
                  END
  FROM
    User
  INNER JOIN
    (
      inserted
    FULL OUTER JOIN
      deleted
        ON inserted.UserID = deleted.UserID  -- This assumes UserID is the PK on UpdateUserCreditsLeft
    )
      ON User.UserID = COALESCE(inserted.UserID, deleted.UserID)

END

If the PrimaryKey of UpdateUserCreditsLeft is something other than UserID, use that in the FULL OUTER JOIN instead.

The header <math.h> is a C std lib header. It defines a lot of stuff in the global namespace. The header <cmath> is the C++ version of that header. It defines essentially the same stuff in namespace std. (There are some differences, like that the C++ version comes with overloads of some functions, but that doesn't matter.) The header <cmath.h> doesn't exist.

Since vendors don't want to maintain two versions of what is essentially the same header, they came up with different possibilities to have only one of them behind the scenes. Often, that's the C header (since a C++ compiler is able to parse that, while the opposite won't work), and the C++ header just includes that and pulls everything into namespace std. Or there's some macro magic for parsing the same header with or without namespace std wrapped around it or not. To this add that in some environments it's awkward if headers don't have a file extension (like editors failing to highlight the code etc.). So some vendors would have <cmath> be a one-liner including some other header with a .h extension. Or some would map all includes matching <cblah> to <blah.h> (which, through macro magic, becomes the C++ header when __cplusplus is defined, and otherwise becomes the C header) or <cblah.h> or whatever.

That's the reason why on some platforms including things like <cmath.h>, which ought not to exist, will initially succeed, although it might make the compiler fail spectacularly later on.

I have no idea which std lib implementation you use. I suppose it's the one that comes with GCC, but this I don't know, so I cannot explain exactly what happened in your case. But it's certainly a mix of one of the above vendor-specific hacks and you including a header you ought not to have included yourself. Maybe it's the one where <cmath> maps to <cmath.h> with a specific (set of) macro(s) which you hadn't defined, so that you ended up with both definitions.

Note, however, that this code still ought not to compile:

#include <cmath>

double f(double d)
{
  return abs(d);
}

There shouldn't be an abs() in the global namespace (it's std::abs()). However, as per the above described implementation tricks, there might well be. Porting such code later (or just trying to compile it with your vendor's next version which doesn't allow this) can be very tedious, so you should keep an eye on this.

I had a somewhat similar problem where a bounded area consisted of an image in a float:left block and a non-float text block. The area has a fluid width. The text would, by design, wrap up along the right side of the image. The trouble was, the text began with an <h4> tag, the first word of which is the tiny word "From." As I resized the window to a smaller width, the non-floated text would, for a certain range of widths, leave only the word "From" at the top of the wrap area, the rest of the text having been squeezed below the float block. My solution was to make the first word of the tag bigger, by replacing the space that followed it with this code, <span style="opacity:0;">x</span> . The effect was to make the first word, instead of "From", "FromxNextWord", where the "x", being invisible, looked like a space. Now my first word was big enough not to be abandoned by the rest of the text block.

Here's a CSS-only alternative. I set this up for a search field to get an effect similar to Firefox (& a hundred other apps.)

Here's a fiddle.

HTML

<div class="col-md-4">
  <input class="form-control" type="search" />
  <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span>
</div>

CSS

.form-control {
  padding-right: 30px;
}

.form-control + .glyphicon {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  padding: 8px 27px;
}

You can wrap your <span> with a <a> and use this little JQuery plugin to color the underline. You can modify the color by passing a parameter to the plugin.

    (function ($) {
        $.fn.useful = function (params) {

            var aCSS = {
                'color' : '#d43',
                'text-decoration' : 'underline'
            };

            $.extend(aCSS, params);

            this.wrap('<a></a>');
            var element = this.closest('a');
            element.css(aCSS);
            return element;
        };
    })(jQuery);

Then you call by writing this :

    $("span.name").useful({color:'red'});

$(function () {_x000D_
_x000D_
        var spanCSS = {_x000D_
            'color' : '#000',_x000D_
            'text-decoration': 'none'_x000D_
        };_x000D_
        _x000D_
        $.fn.useful = function (params) {_x000D_
            _x000D_
            var aCSS = {_x000D_
                'color' : '#d43',_x000D_
                'text-decoration' : 'underline'_x000D_
            };_x000D_
_x000D_
            $.extend(aCSS, params);_x000D_
            this.wrap('<a></a>');_x000D_
            this.closest('a').css(aCSS);_x000D_
        };_x000D_
_x000D_
        // Use example:_x000D_
        $("span.name").css(spanCSS).useful({color:'red'});_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
    });

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>_x000D_
_x000D_
<section class="container">_x000D_
_x000D_
    <div class="user important">_x000D_
        <span class="name">Bob</span>_x000D_
        -_x000D_
        <span class="location">Bali</span>_x000D_
    </div>_x000D_
_x000D_
    <div class="user">_x000D_
        <span class="name">Dude</span>_x000D_
        -_x000D_
        <span class="location">Los Angeles</span>_x000D_
    </div>_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
    <div class="user">_x000D_
        <span class="name">Gérard</span>_x000D_
        -_x000D_
        <span class="location">Paris</span>_x000D_
    </div>_x000D_
_x000D_
</section>

You could use the namespace

http://www.daniweb.com/software-development/cpp/threads/109029/what-its-the-use-of-using-namespace-std

But you might offend someone

Why is "using namespace std" considered bad practice?

You can set the variable 'fileencodings' in your .vimrc.

This is a list of character encodings considered when starting to edit an existing file. When a file is read, Vim tries to use the first mentioned character encoding. If an error is detected, the next one in the list is tried. When an encoding is found that works, 'fileencoding' is set to it. If all fail, 'fileencoding' is set to an empty string, which means the value of 'encoding' is used.

See :help filencodings

If you often work with e.g. cp1252, you can add it there:

set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp1252,default,latin9

I got same error. Because i used v4 alpha class names like carousel-control-next When i changed with v3, problem solved.

You can specify a environment variable named PORT to specify the port on which the server will run.

$ export PORT=3005 #Linux
$ $env:PORT=3005 # Windows - Powershell

Simply write one line in the constructor:

setResizable(false);

This will make it impossible to resize the frame.

Just go through "View" and select IDE Log. it will show the output.

<script type="text/javascript">
function bike()
{
var data=
["b1.jpg", "b2.jpg", "b3.jpg", "b4.jpg", "b5.jpg", "b6.jpg", "b7.jpg", "b8.jpg"];
var a;
for(a=0; a<data.length; a++)
{
document.write("<center><fieldset style='height:200px; float:left; border-radius:15px; border-width:6px;")<img src='"+data[a]+"' height='200px' width='300px'/></fieldset></center>
}
}

If you use json_decode($string, true), you will get no objects, but everything as an associative or number indexed array. Way easier to handle, as the stdObject provided by PHP is nothing but a dumb container with public properties, which cannot be extended with your own functionality.

$array = json_decode($string, true);

echo $array['trends'][0]['name'];

Well, you're going to have to check for null somewhere. You could do something like this:

from item in db.vw_Dropship_OrderItems
         where (listStatus == null || listStatus.Contains(item.StatusCode)) 
            && (listMerchants == null || listMerchants.Contains(item.MerchantId))
         select item;

If we need only one column to be numeric

yyz$b <- as.numeric(as.character(yyz$b))

But, if all the columns needs to changed to numeric, use lapply to loop over the columns and convert to numeric by first converting it to character class as the columns were factor.

yyz[] <- lapply(yyz, function(x) as.numeric(as.character(x)))

Both the columns in the OP's post are factor because of the string "n/a". This could be easily avoided while reading the file using na.strings = "n/a" in the read.table/read.csv or if we are using data.frame, we can have character columns with stringsAsFactors=FALSE (the default is stringsAsFactors=TRUE)

Regarding the usage of apply, it converts the dataset to matrix and matrix can hold only a single class. To check the class, we need

lapply(yyz, class)

Or

sapply(yyz, class)

Or check

str(yyz)

With Git there is no “correct” workflow. Use whatever floats your boat. However, if you constantly get conflicts when merging branches maybe you should coordinate your efforts better with your fellow developer(s)? Sounds like the two of you keep editing the same files. Also, watch out for whitespace and subversion keywords (i.e., “$Id$” and others).

Unset will destroy a particular session variable whereas session_destroy() will destroy all the session data for that user.

It really depends on your application as to which one you should use. Just keep the above in mind.

unset($_SESSION['name']); // will delete just the name data

session_destroy(); // will delete ALL data associated with that user.

There's a package that's dedicated to this specifically:

from thesmuggler import smuggle

# À la `import weapons`
weapons = smuggle('weapons.py')

# À la `from contraband import drugs, alcohol`
drugs, alcohol = smuggle('drugs', 'alcohol', source='contraband.py')

# À la `from contraband import drugs as dope, alcohol as booze`
dope, booze = smuggle('drugs', 'alcohol', source='contraband.py')

It's tested across Python versions (Jython and PyPy too), but it might be overkill depending on the size of your project.

Another approach to retaining the order of a string list when sorting against another list is as follows:

list1 = [3,2,4,1, 1]
list2 = ['three', 'two', 'four', 'one', 'one2']

# sort on list1 while retaining order of string list
sorted_list1 = [y for _,y in sorted(zip(list1,list2),key=lambda x: x[0])]
sorted_list2 = sorted(list1)

print(sorted_list1)
print(sorted_list2)

output

['one', 'one2', 'two', 'three', 'four']
[1, 1, 2, 3, 4]

def month_sub(year, month, sub_month):
    result_month = 0
    result_year = 0
    if month > (sub_month % 12):
        result_month = month - (sub_month % 12)
        result_year = year - (sub_month / 12)
    else:
        result_month = 12 - (sub_month % 12) + month
        result_year = year - (sub_month / 12 + 1)
    return (result_year, result_month)

>>> month_sub(2015, 7, 1)    
(2015, 6)
>>> month_sub(2015, 7, -1)
(2015, 8)
>>> month_sub(2015, 7, 13)
(2014, 6)
>>> month_sub(2015, 7, -14)
(2016, 9)

There's generally nothing particularly inefficient about it. It doesn't generally matter to the JVM that you've made a subclass and added a constructor to it-- that's a normal, everyday thing to do in an object-oriented language. I can think of quite contrived cases where you could cause an inefficiency by doing this (e.g. you have a repeatedly-called method that ends up taking a mixture of different classes because of this subclass, whereas ordinary the class passed in would be totally predictable-- in the latter case, the JIT compiler could make optimisations that are not feasible in the first). But really, I think the cases where it'll matter are very contrived.

I'd see the issue more from the point of view of whether you want to "clutter things up" with lots of anonymous classes. As a rough guide, consider using the idiom no more than you'd use, say, anonymous classes for event handlers.

In (2), you're inside the constructor of an object, so "this" refers to the object you're constructing. That's no different to any other constructor.

As for (3), that really depends on who's maintaining your code, I guess. If you don't know this in advance, then a benchmark that I would suggest using is "do you see this in the source code to the JDK?" (in this case, I don't recall seeing many anonymous initialisers, and certainly not in cases where that's the only content of the anonymous class). In most moderately sized projects, I'd argue you're really going to need your programmers to understand the JDK source at some point or other, so any syntax or idiom used there is "fair game". Beyond that, I'd say, train people on that syntax if you have control of who's maintaining the code, else comment or avoid.

To display the all details for each news post title ie. "news.id" which is the primary key, you need to use GROUP BY clause for "news.id"

SELECT news.id, users.username, news.title, news.date,
       news.body, COUNT(comments.id)
FROM news
LEFT JOIN users
ON news.user_id = users.id
LEFT JOIN comments
ON comments.news_id = news.id
GROUP BY news.id

Google Guava 14 includes a new class ClassPath with three methods to scan for top level classes:

• getTopLevelClasses()
• getTopLevelClasses(String packageName)
• getTopLevelClassesRecursive(String packageName)

See the ClassPath javadocs for more info.

• Copy the content of backups folder into data folder. This worked for me.
• After this you have to reconfigure innodb files of your existent databases

Better change the class of the element (.regular is black, .alert is red):

function abc(){
  var myDiv = document.getElementById("test");
  if (myDiv.className == 'alert') {
    myDiv.className = 'regular';
  } else {
    myDiv.className = 'alert';
  }
}

you can use the below method to extract all numbers from a string.

def extract_numbers_from_string(string):
    number = ''
    for i in string:
        try:
            number += str(int(i))
        except:
            pass
    return number

(OR) you could use i.isdigit() or i.isnumeric(in Python 3.6.5 or above)

def extract_numbers_from_string(string):
    number = ''
    for i in string:
        if i.isnumeric():
            number += str(int(i))
    return number


a = '343fdfd3'
print (extract_numbers_from_string(a))
# 3433

If you mean you want to execute the function inputted, yes, that is simple:

Use this JS code:

eval(document.getElementById( -- el ID -- ).value);

To offer an update on the situation on Q2 of 2017.

A new CSS3 display property is available in Firefox 53, Chrome 58 and Opera 45.

.clearfix {
   display: flow-root;
}

Check the availability for any browser here: http://caniuse.com/#feat=flow-root

The element (with a display property set to flow-root) generates a block container box, and lays out its contents using flow layout. It always establishes a new block formatting context for its contents.

Meaning that if you use a parent div containing one or several floating children, this property is going to ensure the parent encloses all of its children. Without any need for a clearfix hack. On any children, nor even a last dummy element (if you were using the clearfix variant with :before on the last children).

.container {_x000D_
  display: flow-root;_x000D_
  background-color: Gainsboro;_x000D_
}_x000D_
_x000D_
.item {_x000D_
  border: 1px solid Black;_x000D_
  float: left;_x000D_
}_x000D_
_x000D_
.item1 {  _x000D_
  height: 120px;_x000D_
  width: 120px;_x000D_
}_x000D_
_x000D_
.item2 {  _x000D_
  height: 80px;_x000D_
  width: 140px;_x000D_
  float: right;_x000D_
}_x000D_
_x000D_
.item3 {  _x000D_
  height: 160px;_x000D_
  width: 110px;_x000D_
}

<div class="container">_x000D_
  This container box encloses all of its floating children._x000D_
  <div class="item item1">Floating box 1</div>_x000D_
  <div class="item item2">Floating box 2</div> _x000D_
  <div class="item item3">Floating box 3</div>  _x000D_
</div>

This works:

    for i,r in data[::-1].iterrows():
        print(r['Odd'], r['Even'])

Simple usage of GDB, to debug coredump files:

gdb <executable_path> <coredump_file_path>

A coredump file for a "process" gets created as a "core.pid" file.

After you get inside the GDB prompt (on execution of the above command), type:

...
(gdb) where

This will get you with the information, of the stack, where you can analayze the cause of the crash/fault. Other command, for the same purposes is:

...
(gdb) bt full

This is the same as above. By convention, it lists the whole stack information (which ultimately leads to the crash location).

You could merge two queries together:

$merged = $query_one->merge($query_two);

Using JavaScriptSerializer() is less strict than the generic solution offered : public static T Deserialize(string json)

That might come handy when passing json to the server that does not match exactly the Object definition you are trying to convert to.

I think this could be a problem of display. If you do not have GUI in the box, then launching firefox from selenium webdriver would give this error.

To resolve this, first install Xvfb [yum install Xvfb -y]( a virtual display driver) in the box. Then run your test from jenkins with xvfv-run -a -d <your test execution command>. This will launch the browser in a virtual display buffer. Also it is capable of getting screenshots using selenium webdriver.

I think the quickest/neatest way to do this:

For each class have string[] obj.ToListViewItem() method and then do this:

foreach(var item in personList)
{
    listView1.Items.Add(new ListViewItem(item.ToListViewItem()));
}

Here is an example definition

public class Person
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Address { get; set; }
    public DateTime DOB { get; set; }
    public uint ID { get; set; }

    public string[] ToListViewItem()
    {
        return new string[] {
            ID.ToString("000000"),
            Name,
            Address,
            DOB.ToShortDateString()
        };
    }
}

As an added bonus you can have a static method that returns ColumnHeader[] list for setting up the listview columns with

listView1.Columns.AddRange(Person.ListViewHeaders());

This worked for me:

df[,names(df) %in% colnames(df)[grepl(str,colnames(df))]]

from datetime import datetime

date = datetime.today().date()

print(date)

try

id == list[pos].getItemNumber()

instead of

id.equals(list[pos].getItemNumber()

1. Create "root" package (folder) in your project, for example.

   package source; (.../path_to_project/source/)

2. Move YourClass.class into a source folder. (.../path_to_project/source/YourClass.class)

3. Import like this

   import source.YourClass;

The AHK script is a great idea. Just for those interested I needed to change it a little bit to work for me:

SetTitleMatchMode,2         ;;; allows for a partial search 
#IfWinActive, .py           ;;; scope limiter to only python files
:b*:print ::print(){Left}   ;;; I forget what b* does
#IfWinActive                ;;; remove the scope limitation

I wanted to add this to the previous suggestions. If you are using a version of Linux that has SELinux enabled then you should also execute this in a shell:

chcon -R --type httpd_sys_rw_content_t /path/to/your/directory

Along with giving your web server user permissions either through group or changing of the owner of the directory.

Try this:

\begin{flalign*}
    &|\vec a| = \sqrt{3^{2}+1^{2}} = \sqrt{10} & \\
    &|\vec b| = \sqrt{1^{2}+23^{2}} = \sqrt{530} &\\ 
    &\cos v = \frac{26}{\sqrt{10} \cdot \sqrt{530}} &\\
    &v = \cos^{-1} \left(\frac{26}{\sqrt{10} \cdot \sqrt{530}}\right) &\\
\end{flalign*}

The & sign separates two columns, so an & at the beginning of a line means that the line starts with a blank column.

use this code. It will help

<LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="0dip"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:layout_gravity="center"
    android:layout_weight="1"
    android:divider="?android:dividerHorizontal"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:showDividers="middle" >

netcat (nc.exe) is the right tool. I have a feeling that any tool that does what you want it to do will have exactly the same problem with your antivirus software. Just flag this program as "OK" in your antivirus software (how you do this will depend on what type of antivirus software you use).

Of course you will also need to configure your sysadmin to accept that you're not trying to do anything illegal...

One way to get around this is to use implicit casting:

bool DoesEntityExist<T>(T entity, Guid guid, ITransaction transaction) where T : IGloballyIdentifiable;

calling it like so:

DoesEntityExist(entity, entityGuid, transaction);

Going a step further, you can turn it into an extension method (it will need to be declared in a static class):

static bool DoesEntityExist<T>(this T entity, Guid guid, ITransaction transaction) where T : IGloballyIdentifiable;

calling as so:

entity.DoesEntityExist(entityGuid, transaction);

After spent lot of hours, I just find out the solution, just add this simple line.

backgroundColor = .white

Hope this help you!

Use the text below!

TextBox1.Text = "This is a test"
TextBox1.Text = TextBox1.Text & ControlChars.Newline & "This is line 2"

The controlchars.Newline will automatically put "This is line 2" to the next line.

Adding a new answer just as a reference for future researchers and as nobody mentioned that yet I think it's valid.

Another good option is ng-grid http://angular-ui.github.io/ng-grid/.

And there's a beta version (http://ui-grid.info/) available already with some improvements:

• Native AngularJS implementation, no jQuery
• Performs well with large data sets; even 10,000+ rows
• Plugin architecture allows you to use only the features you need

UPDATE:

It seems UI GRID is not beta anymore.

With the 3.0 release, the repository has been renamed from "ng-grid" to "ui-grid".

Java has a LinkedList implementation, that you might wanna check out. You can download the JDK and it's sources at java.sun.com.

Using .multiply() (ufunc multiply)

a_1 = np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
a_2 = np.array([[1., 2.], [3., 4.]])
b = 2.0 

np.multiply(a_1,b)
# array([2., 4., 6.])
np.multiply(a_2,b)
# array([[2., 4.],[6., 8.]])

If you're using SELinux, just type:

sudo chcon -v -R --type=httpd_sys_content_t /path/to/www/

This will fix permission issue.

Expanding on "splattered bits" answer, here is a complete script that does it:

@ECHO off
SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION

SET _baseDirQuery=SELECT SUBSTRING(physical_name, 1, CHARINDEX(N'master.mdf', LOWER(physical_name)) - 1) ^
 FROM master.sys.master_files WHERE database_id = 1 AND file_id = 1;
ECHO.
SQLCMD.EXE -b -E -S localhost -d master -Q "%_baseDirQuery%" -W >data_dir.tmp
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 ECHO Error with automatically determining SQL data directory by querying your server&ECHO using Windows authentication.
CALL :getBaseDir data_dir.tmp _baseDir

IF "%_baseDir:~-1%"=="\" SET "_baseDir=%_baseDir:~0,-1%"
DEL /Q data_dir.tmp
echo DataDir: %_baseDir%

GOTO :END
::---------------------------------------------
:: Functions 
::---------------------------------------------

:simplePrompt 1-question 2-Return-var 3-default-Val
SET input=%~3
IF "%~3" NEQ "" (
  :askAgain
  SET /p "input=%~1 [%~3]:"
  IF "!input!" EQU "" (
    GOTO :askAgain
  ) 
) else (
  SET /p "input=%~1 [null]: "
)   
SET "%~2=%input%"
EXIT /B 0

:getBaseDir fileName var
FOR /F "tokens=*" %%i IN (%~1) DO (
  SET "_line=%%i"
  IF "!_line:~0,2!" == "c:" (
    SET "_baseDir=!_line!"
    EXIT /B 0
  )
)
EXIT /B 1

:END
PAUSE

Java is not call by reference it is call by value only

But all variables of object type are actually pointers.

So if you use a Mutable Object you will see the behavior you want

public class XYZ {

    public static void main(String[] arg) {
        StringBuilder toyNumber = new StringBuilder("5");
        play(toyNumber);
        System.out.println("Toy number in main " + toyNumber);
    }

    private static void play(StringBuilder toyNumber) {
        System.out.println("Toy number in play " + toyNumber);
        toyNumber.append(" + 1");
        System.out.println("Toy number in play after increement " + toyNumber);
    }
}

Output of this code:

run:
Toy number in play 5
Toy number in play after increement 5 + 1
Toy number in main 5 + 1
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

You can see this behavior in Standard libraries too. For example Collections.sort(); Collections.shuffle(); These methods does not return a new list but modifies it's argument object.

    List<Integer> mutableList = new ArrayList<Integer>();

    mutableList.add(1);
    mutableList.add(2);
    mutableList.add(3);
    mutableList.add(4);
    mutableList.add(5);

    System.out.println(mutableList);

    Collections.shuffle(mutableList);

    System.out.println(mutableList);

    Collections.sort(mutableList);

    System.out.println(mutableList);

Output of this code:

run:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[3, 4, 1, 5, 2]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

Try this

  SELECT *
    FROM categories
    LEFT JOIN user_category_subscriptions 
         ON user_category_subscriptions.category_id = categories.category_id 
   WHERE user_category_subscriptions.user_id = 1 
          or user_category_subscriptions.user_id is null

In case you need to upload some pictures for documentation, a nice approach is to use git-lfs. Asuming that you have installed the git-lfs follow these steps:

1. Intialize git lfs for your each image type:

   git lfs *.png
   git lfs *.svg
   git lfs *.gif
   git lfs *.jpg
   git lfs *.jpeg
   

2. Create a folder that will be used as image location eg. doc. On GNU/Linux and Unix based systems this can be done via:

   cd project_folder
   mkdir doc
   git add doc
   

3. Copy paste any images into doc folder. Afterwards add them via git add command.

4. Commit and push.

5. The images are publicly available in the following url:

   https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/^github_username^/^repo^/^branch^/^image_location in the repo^

Where: * ^github_username^ is the username in github (you can find it in the profile page) * ^repo_name^ is the repository name * ^branch^ is the repository branch where the image is uploaded * ^image_location in the repo^ is the location including the folder that the image is stored.

Also you can upload the image first then visit the location in your projects github page and navigate through until you find the image then press the download button and then copy-paste the url from the browser's address bar.

Look this from my project as reference.

Then you can use the url to include them using the markdown syntax mentioned above:

![some alternate text that describes the image](^github generated url from git lfs^)

Eg: Let us suppose we use this photo Then you can use the markdown syntax:

![In what order to compile the files](https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/pc-magas/myFirstEnclave/master/doc/SGX%20Compile%20workflow.png)

You can do this,

User.query.filter_by(id=123).delete()

or

User.query.filter(User.id == 123).delete()

Make sure to commit for delete() to take effect.

A shell method to read the environmental variable for this courtesy of devhut

Debug.Print CreateObject("WScript.Shell").ExpandEnvironmentStrings("%COMPUTERNAME%")

Same source gives an API method:

Option Explicit

#If VBA7 And Win64 Then
    'x64 Declarations
    Declare PtrSafe Function GetComputerName Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetComputerNameA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, nSize As Long) As Long
#Else
    'x32 Declaration
    Declare Function GetComputerName Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetComputerNameA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, nSize As Long) As Long
#End If

Public Sub test()

    Debug.Print ComputerName
    
End Sub

Public Function ComputerName() As String
    Dim sBuff                 As String * 255
    Dim lBuffLen              As Long
    Dim lResult               As Long
 
    lBuffLen = 255
    lResult = GetComputerName(sBuff, lBuffLen)
    If lBuffLen > 0 Then
        ComputerName = Left(sBuff, lBuffLen)
    End If
End Function

As a note here: SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.processInjectionBasedOnCurrentContext and SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.processInjectionBasedOnServletContext DOES NOT work with @Resource annotation. So, there are difference.

Similar Question here

I'll repost my response and propose a merge:

Output UTC seems to be the subject of some confusion -- people seem to gravitate toward moment.js.

Borrowing from this answer, you could do something like this (i.e. use a convert function that creates the date with the UTC constructor) without moment.js:

controller

var app1 = angular.module('app1',[]);

app1.controller('ctrl',['$scope',function($scope){

  var toUTCDate = function(date){
    var _utc = new Date(date.getUTCFullYear(), date.getUTCMonth(), date.getUTCDate(),  date.getUTCHours(), date.getUTCMinutes(), date.getUTCSeconds());
    return _utc;
  };

  var millisToUTCDate = function(millis){
    return toUTCDate(new Date(millis));
  };

    $scope.toUTCDate = toUTCDate;
    $scope.millisToUTCDate = millisToUTCDate;

  }]);

template

<html ng-app="app1">

  <head>
    <script data-require="angular.js@*" data-semver="1.2.12" src="http://code.angularjs.org/1.2.12/angular.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <script src="script.js"></script>
  </head>

  <body>
    <div ng-controller="ctrl">
      <div>
      utc {{millisToUTCDate(1400167800) | date:'dd-M-yyyy H:mm'}}
      </div>
      <div>
      local {{1400167800 | date:'dd-M-yyyy H:mm'}}
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>

</html>

here's plunker to play with it

See also this and this.

Also note that with this method, if you use the 'Z' from Angular's date filter, it seems it will still print your local timezone offset.

As Apple has changed how you can access any user private data types in iOS 10.

You need to add the "Privacy - Camera usage description" key to your app’s Info.plist and their usage information which is apply for your application, as in below example I had provided that I have used to scan barcodes.

For more information please find the below screenshot.

CSS does not have this ability. You would need to use client-side scripting.

window.location.origin+"/"+window.location.pathname.split('/')[1]+"/"+page+"/"+page+"_list.jsp"

almost same as Jenish answer but a little shorter.

This section of the boto3 documentation is helpful.

Here's what worked for me:

session = boto3.Session(profile_name='dev')
client = session.client('cloudfront')

If you're using mariadb, you have to modify the mariadb.cnf file located in /etc/mysql/conf.d/.

I supposed the stuff is the same for any other my-sql based solutions.

This is not possible with Response.Redirect as it happens on the server side and cannot direct your browser to take that action. What would be left in the initial window? A blank page?

You can try this C++ code:

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include<fstream>
#using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int a;
    ofstream fcout ("big_file.txt");
    for(;;a += 1999999999){
        do{
            fcout << a;
        }
        while(!a);
    }
}

Maybe it will take some time to generate depending on your CPU speed...

There are several ways to assign the equal variables.

The easiest one:

grade_1 = grade_2 = grade_3 = average = 0.0

With unpacking:

grade_1, grade_2, grade_3, average = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0

With list comprehension and unpacking:

>>> grade_1, grade_2, grade_3, average = [0.0 for _ in range(4)]
>>> print(grade_1, grade_2, grade_3, average)
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

There is a KeyValuePair built-in type. As a matter of fact, this is what the IDictionary is giving you access to when you iterate in it.

Also, this structure is hardly a tree, finding a more representative name might be a good exercise.

If you are interested ONLY on relative paths like: /dashboard, /about etc, See other answers.

If you want to open an absolute path like: https://www.google.com to a new tab, you have to know that Vue Router is NOT meant to handle those.

However, they seems to consider that as a feature-request. #1280. But until they do that,

Here is a little trick you can do to handle external links with vue-router.

• Go to the router configuration (probably router.js) and add this code:

/* Vue Router is not meant to handle absolute urls. */
/* So whenever we want to deal with those, we can use this.$router.absUrl(url) */
Router.prototype.absUrl = function(url, newTab = true) {
  const link = document.createElement('a')
  link.href = url
  link.target = newTab ? '_blank' : ''
  if (newTab) link.rel = 'noopener noreferrer' // IMPORTANT to add this
  link.click()
}

Now, whenever we deal with absolute URLs we have a solution. For example to open google to a new tab

this.$router.absUrl('https://www.google.com)

Remember that whenever we open another page to a new tab we MUST use noopener noreferrer.

Read more here

or Here

Updated Answer:

DynamoDB allows for specification of secondary indexes to aid in this sort of query. Secondary indexes can either be global, meaning that the index spans the whole table across hash keys, or local meaning that the index would exist within each hash key partition, thus requiring the hash key to also be specified when making the query.

For the use case in this question, you would want to use a global secondary index on the "CreatedAt" field.

For more on DynamoDB secondary indexes see the secondary index documentation

Original Answer:

DynamoDB does not allow indexed lookups on the range key only. The hash key is required such that the service knows which partition to look in to find the data.

You can of course perform a scan operation to filter by the date value, however this would require a full table scan, so it is not ideal.

If you need to perform an indexed lookup of records by time across multiple primary keys, DynamoDB might not be the ideal service for you to use, or you might need to utilize a separate table (either in DynamoDB or a relational store) to store item metadata that you can perform an indexed lookup against.

Laravel uses the utf8mb4 character set by default, which includes support for storing "emojis" in the database. If you are running a version of MySQL older than the 5.7.7 release or MariaDB older than the 10.2.2 release, you may need to manually configure the default string length generated by migrations in order for MySQL to create indexes for them. You may configure this by calling the Schema::defaultStringLength method within your AppServiceProvider:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 *
 * @return void
 */
public function boot()
{
    Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
}

You can check out of

https://laravel-news.com/laravel-5-4-key-too-long-error https://laravel.com/docs/5.5/migrations#indexes

Yes, Java doesn't have struct/value type yet. But, in the upcoming version of Java, we are going to get inline class which is similar to struct in C# and will help us write allocation free code.

inline class point { 
  int x;
  int y;
}

Nope, you can't click ‘through’ an element. You can get the co-ordinates of the click and try to work out what element was underneath the clicked element, but this is really tedious for browsers that don't have document.elementFromPoint. Then you still have to emulate the default action of clicking, which isn't necessarily trivial depending on what elements you have under there.

Since you've got a fully-transparent window area, you'll probably be better off implementing it as separate border elements around the outside, leaving the centre area free of obstruction so you can really just click straight through.

it turns out that I got this error because my requested module is not bundled in the minification prosses due to path misspelling

so make sure that your module exists in minified js file (do search for a word within it to be sure)

Use DATALENGTH method, for example:

SELECT length = DATALENGTH(myField)
FROM myTABLE

I solved the issue by adding https binding in my IIS websites and adding 443 SSL port and selecting a self signed certificate in binding.

This is what worked for me. I am not sure why the syntax is different, But it was extremely frustrating trying every combination of activate, inactive, deactivated, disabled, etc. In lower case upper case in quotes out of quotes in brackets out of brackets etc. Well, here's the winning combination for me, for some reason.. different than everyone else?

import tkinter

class App(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.tree = None
        self._setup_widgets()

    def _setup_widgets(self):
        butts = tkinter.Button(text = "add line", state="disabled")
        butts.grid()

def main():  
    root = tkinter.Tk()
    app = App()
    root.mainloop()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

I think you should edit the anchor tag on bootstrap.css. Otherwise give customized style to the anchor tag with !important (to override the default style on bootstrap.css).

Example code

.nav {_x000D_
    background-color: #000 !important;_x000D_
}_x000D_
_x000D_
.nav>li>a {_x000D_
    background-color: #666 !important;_x000D_
    color: #fff;_x000D_
}

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>_x000D_
<link rel="stylesheet" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">_x000D_
_x000D_
<script src="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
<div role="tabpanel">_x000D_
_x000D_
  <!-- Nav tabs -->_x000D_
  <ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist">_x000D_
    <li role="presentation" class="active"><a href="#home" aria-controls="home" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">Home</a></li>_x000D_
    <li role="presentation"><a href="#profile" aria-controls="profile" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">Profile</a></li>_x000D_
    <li role="presentation"><a href="#messages" aria-controls="messages" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">Messages</a></li>_x000D_
    <li role="presentation"><a href="#settings" aria-controls="settings" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">Settings</a></li>_x000D_
  </ul>_x000D_
_x000D_
  <!-- Tab panes -->_x000D_
  <div class="tab-content">_x000D_
    <div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane active" id="home">...</div>_x000D_
    <div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane" id="profile">tab1</div>_x000D_
    <div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane" id="messages">tab2</div>_x000D_
    <div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane" id="settings">tab3</div>_x000D_
  </div>_x000D_
_x000D_
</div>

Fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/zjjpocv6/2/

*my_map.begin(). See e.g. http://cplusplus.com/reference/stl/map/begin/.

Use the Controller's Redirect() method.

public ActionResult YourAction()
{
    // ...
    return Redirect("http://www.example.com");
}

Update

You can't directly perform a server side redirect from an ajax response. You could, however, return a JsonResult with the new url and perform the redirect with javascript.

public ActionResult YourAction()
{
    // ...
    return Json(new {url = "http://www.example.com"});
}

$.post("@Url.Action("YourAction")", function(data) {
    window.location = data.url;
});

No, this is not possible. In documents that make use of CSS, an inline style attribute can only contain property declarations; the same set of statements that appears in each ruleset in a stylesheet. From the Style Attributes spec:

The value of the style attribute must match the syntax of the contents of a CSS declaration block (excluding the delimiting braces), whose formal grammar is given below in the terms and conventions of the CSS core grammar:

declaration-list
  : S* declaration? [ ';' S* declaration? ]*
  ;

Neither selectors (including pseudo-elements), nor at-rules, nor any other CSS construct are allowed.

Think of inline styles as the styles applied to some anonymous super-specific ID selector: those styles only apply to that one very element with the style attribute. (They take precedence over an ID selector in a stylesheet too, if that element has that ID.) Technically it doesn't work like that; this is just to help you understand why the attribute doesn't support pseudo-class or pseudo-element styles (it has more to do with how pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements provide abstractions of the document tree that can't be expressed in the document language).

Note that inline styles participate in the same cascade as selectors in rule sets, and take highest precedence in the cascade (!important notwithstanding). So they take precedence even over pseudo-class states. Allowing pseudo-classes or any other selectors in inline styles would possibly introduce a new cascade level, and with it a new set of complications.

Note also that very old revisions of the Style Attributes spec did originally propose allowing this, however it was scrapped, presumably for the reason given above, or because implementing it was not a viable option.

I'm using json lib from http://json-lib.sourceforge.net/
json-lib-2.1-jdk15.jar

import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
...

public void send()
{
    //put attributes
    Map m = New HashMap();
    m.put("send_to","[email protected]");
    m.put("email_subject","this is a test email");
    m.put("email_content","test email content");

    //generate JSON Object
    JSONObject json = JSONObject.fromObject(content);
    String message = json.toString();
    ...
}

public void receive(String jsonMessage)
{
    //parse attributes
    JSONObject json = JSONObject.fromObject(jsonMessage);
    String to = (String) json.get("send_to");
    String title = (String) json.get("email_subject");
    String content = (String) json.get("email_content");
    ...
}

More samples here http://json-lib.sourceforge.net/usage.html

You can simply press Ctrl+F5 instead of F5 to run the built code. Then it will prompt you to press any key to continue. Or you can use this line -> system("pause"); at the end of the code to make it wait until you press any key.

However, if you use the above line, system("pause"); and press Ctrl+F5 to run, it will prompt you twice!

My example comment to @qubyte above got chopped, so here's something that's easier to read...

The method @surjikal described above works for branch commits, but it didn't work for a tree commit I was trying include.

The archive mode also works for commits. For example, fetch @ a2fbf83

npm:

npm install  https://github.com/github/fetch/archive/a2fbf834773b8dc20eef83bb53d081863d3fc87f.tar.gz

yarn:

yarn add  https://github.com/github/fetch/archive/a2fbf834773b8dc20eef83bb53d081863d3fc87f.tar.gz

format:

 https://github.com/<owner>/<repo>/archive/<commit-id>.tar.gz

yarn add  https://github.com/vuejs/vuex/archive/c3626f779b8ea902789dd1c4417cb7d7ef09b557.tar.gz

for the related vuex commit

Copy it over. It's really that simple. :)

On the client side, just edit .git/config in the client's local repo to point your remotes to the new URL as necessary.

With jQuery 1.6 version you can use the .promise() method.

$(selector).fadeOut('slow');
$(selector).promise().done(function(){
    // will be called when all the animations on the queue finish
});

I had to set "Copy Local" in the Reference Properties to False, then back to True. Doing this added the Private True setting to the .csproj file.

<Reference Include="Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35, processorArchitecture=MSIL">      <HintPath>..\packages\Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.1.0.0.0\lib\net40\Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.dll</HintPath>
      <Private>True</Private>
    </Reference>

I had assumed this was already set, since the "Copy Local" showed as True.

The percentage % sign followed by two hexadecimal numbers (UTF-8 character representation) typically denotes a string which has been encoded to be part of a URI. This ensures that characters that would otherwise have special meaning don't interfere. In your case %20 is immediately recognisable as a whitespace character - while not really having any meaning in a URI it is encoded in order to avoid breaking the string into multiple "parts".

Don't get me wrong, regex is the bomb! However any web technology worth caring about will already have tools available in it's library to handle standards like this for you. Why re-invent the wheel...?

var str = 'xPasswords%20do%20not%20match';
console.log( decodeURI(str) ); // "xPasswords do not match"

Javascript has both decodeURI and decodeURIComponent which differ slightly in respect to their encodeURI and encodeURIComponent counterparts - you should familiarise yourself with the documentation.

if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']=='POST'){
$image_no="5";//or Anything You Need
$image = $_POST['image'];
$path = "uploads/".$image_no.".png";

$status = file_put_contents($path,base64_decode($image));
if($status){
 echo "Successfully Uploaded";
}else{
 echo "Upload failed";
}
}

1. Declare object of EditText on top of class:

    EditText myEditText;
   

2. Find EditText in onCreate Function and setOnFocusChangeListener of EditText:

   myEditText = findViewById(R.id.yourEditTextNameInxml); 
   
   myEditText.setOnFocusChangeListener(new View.OnFocusChangeListener() {
               @Override
               public void onFocusChange(View view, boolean hasFocus) {
                   if (!hasFocus) {
                        Toast.makeText(this, "Focus Lose", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                   }else{
                       Toast.makeText(this, "Get Focus", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                   }
   
               }
           });
   

It works fine.

As the instruction said "might need gpg2"

In mac, you can try install it with homebrew

$ brew install gpg2 

You also can do it with functional programming:

from functools import reduce
reduce(lambda df1, df2: df1.merge(df2, "outer"), mydfs)

This will help you...

DataTable dt = new DataTable();         
dt.DefaultView.Sort = "Column_name desc";
dt = dt.DefaultView.ToTable();

For those who might be trying to create a Travis Build, the default path from which Django is installed from the requirements.txt file points to a repo whose django_extensions module has not been updated. The only workaround, for now, is to install from the master branch using pip. That is where the patch is made. But for now, we'll have to wait.

You can try this in the meantime, it might help

- pip install git+https://github.com/chibisov/drf-extensions.git@master

- pip install git+https://github.com/django-extensions/django-extensions.git@master

As most of us use Eclipse already for writing code, Why not use the Memory Analyser Tool(MAT) in Eclipse. It works great.

The Eclipse MAT is a set of plug-ins for the Eclipse IDE which provides tools to analyze heap dumps from Java application and to identify memory problems in the application.

This helps the developer to find memory leaks with the following features

1. Acquiring a memory snapshot (Heap Dump)
2. Histogram
3. Retained Heap
4. Dominator Tree
5. Exploring Paths to the GC Roots
6. Inspector
7. Common Memory Anti-Patterns
8. Object Query Language

I have been able to work around this bug by setting a unique name attribute on the iframe - for whatever reason, this seems to bust the cache. You can use whatever dynamic data you have as the name attribute - or simply the current ms or ns time in whatever templating language you're using. This is a nicer solution than those above because it does not directly require JS.

In my particular case, the iframe is being built via JS (but you could do the same via PHP, Ruby, whatever), so I simply use Date.now():

return '<iframe src="' + src + '" name="' + Date.now() + '" />';

This fixes the bug in my testing; probably because the window.name in the inner window changes.

C provides no language facilities to do this - you have to do it yourself and compare each structure member by member.

You may use something like Lodash lib and _.toLength(object) should give you the length of your object

I have NotePad++ v6.8.3, and it was in Settings ? Preferences ? Tab Settings ? [Default] ? Replace by space:

try this -

awk '{print $0|"sort -t',' -nk3 "}' user.csv

OR

sort -t',' -nk3 user.csv

You either want to add "." to your CLASSPATH to specify the current directory, or add it manually at run time the way unbeli suggested.

I'm not sure if you'd say this is a Windows Vista/7 oddity or a .Net oddity but it had me scratching my head for a while.

string filename = @"c:\program files\my folder\test.txt";
System.IO.File.WriteAllText(filename, "Hello world.");
bool exists = System.IO.File.Exists(filename); // returns true;
string text = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(filename); // Returns "Hello world."

In Windows Vista/7 the file will actually be written to C:\Users\<username>\Virtual Store\Program Files\my folder\test.txt

One alternative would be to use a drawable/textview instead of a checkbox and manipulate it accordingly. I have used this method to have my own checked and unchecked images for a task application.

Relevant imports:

import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;

Usage:

HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

EDIT (after Jules' suggestion):

As the build() method returns a CloseableHttpClient which is-a AutoClosable, you can place the declaration in a try-with-resources statement (Java 7+):

try (CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build()) {

    // use httpClient (no need to close it explicitly)

} catch (IOException e) {

    // handle

}

max-width refers to the width of the viewport and can be used to target specific sizes or orientations in conjunction with max-height. Using multiple max-width (or min-width) conditions you could change the page styling as the browser is resized or the orientation changes on a device like an iPhone.

max-device-width refers to the viewport size of the device regardless of orientation, current scale or resizing. This will not change on a device so cannot be used to switch style sheets or CSS directives as the screen is rotated or resized.

Give a try to ViewCompat.setBackground(yourView, drawableBackground)

In Arch Linux using a UK keyboard and locale, I had the following error:

perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "en_US.utf8"

• Exporting my locales in /etc/profile didn't fix it.

• I did however fix this by editing /etc/locale.gen, also enabling the en_US.utf8 locale that perl expected to find, and running local-gen.

(I use pac-manager which uses a whole bunch of perl modules from AUR, so reinstalling perl in my particular case would be a nuisance.)

Update: I took your saying "click" literally, which was a bit dumb of me. You can substitute focus for click in all of the below if you also want the action to happen when the user tabs to the input, which seems likely.

Update 2: My guess is that you're looking to do placeholders; see note and example at the end.

Original answer:

You can do this:

$("selector_for_the_input").click(function() {
    this.value = '';
});

...but that will clear the text regardless of what it is. If you only want to clear it if it's a specific value:

$("selector_for_the_input").click(function() {
    if (this.value === "TEXT") {
        this.value = '';
    }
});

So for example, if the input has an id, you could do:

$("#theId").click(function() {
    if (this.value === "TEXT") {
        this.value = '';
    }
});

Or if it's in a form with an id (say, "myForm") and you want to do this for every form field:

$("#myForm input").click(function() {
    if (this.value === "TEXT") {
        this.value = '';
    }
});

You may also be able to do it with delegation:

$("#myForm").delegate("input", "click", function() {
    if (this.value === "TEXT") {
        this.value = '';
    }
});

That uses delegate to hook up a handler on the form but apply it to the inputs on the form, rather than hooking up a handler to each individual input.

If you're trying to do placeholders, there's more to it than that and you may want to find a good plug-in to do it. But here's the basics:

HTML:

<form id='theForm'>
  <label>Field 1:
    <input type='text' value='provide a value for field 1'>
  </label>
  <br><label>Field 2:
    <input type='text' value='provide a value for field 2'>
  </label>
  <br><label>Field 3:
    <input type='text' value='provide a value for field 3'>
  </label>
</form>

JavaScript using jQuery:

jQuery(function($) {

  // Save the initial values of the inputs as placeholder text
  $('#theForm input').attr("data-placeholdertext", function() {
    return this.value;
  });

  // Hook up a handler to delete the placeholder text on focus,
  // and put it back on blur
  $('#theForm')
    .delegate('input', 'focus', function() {
      if (this.value === $(this).attr("data-placeholdertext")) {
        this.value = '';
      }
    })
    .delegate('input', 'blur', function() {
      if (this.value.length == 0) {
        this.value = $(this).attr("data-placeholdertext");
      }
    });

});

Live copy

Of course, you can also use the new placeholder attribute from HTML5 and only do the above if your code is running on a browser that doesn't support it, in which case you want to invert the logic I used above:

HTML:

<form id='theForm'>
  <label>Field 1:
    <input type='text' placeholder='provide a value for field 1'>
  </label>
  <br><label>Field 2:
    <input type='text' placeholder='provide a value for field 2'>
  </label>
  <br><label>Field 3:
    <input type='text' placeholder='provide a value for field 3'>
  </label>
</form>

JavaScript with jQuery:

jQuery(function($) {

  // Is placeholder supported?
  if ('placeholder' in document.createElement('input')) {
    // Yes, no need for us to do it
    display("This browser supports automatic placeholders");
  }
  else {
    // No, do it manually
    display("Manual placeholders");

    // Set the initial values of the inputs as placeholder text
    $('#theForm input').val(function() {
      if (this.value.length == 0) {
        return $(this).attr('placeholder');
      }
    });

    // Hook up a handler to delete the placeholder text on focus,
    // and put it back on blur
    $('#theForm')
      .delegate('input', 'focus', function() {
        if (this.value === $(this).attr("placeholder")) {
          this.value = '';
        }
      })
      .delegate('input', 'blur', function() {
        if (this.value.length == 0) {
          this.value = $(this).attr("placeholder");
        }
      });
  }

  function display(msg) {
    $("<p>").html(msg).appendTo(document.body);
  }

});

Live copy

(Kudos to diveintohtml5.ep.io for the placholder feature-detection code.)

<div class="rmz-srchbg">
  <input type="text" id="globalsearchstr" name="search" value="" class="rmz-txtbox">
  <input type="submit" value="&nbsp;" id="srchbtn" class="rmz-srchico">
  <br style="clear:both;">
</div>

$(document).ready(function() {
  $('#globalsearchstr').bind('mouseenter', function() {
    $(this).parent().css("background", "black");
  });
});

The best solution is to use:

domElement.click()

Because the angularjs triggerHandler(angular.element(domElement).triggerHandler('click')) click events does not bubble up in the DOM hierarchy, but the one above does - just like a normal mouse click.

https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/function/angular.element

http://api.jquery.com/triggerhandler/

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/click

Downloading Wget is not necessary; the .NET Framework has web client classes built in.

$wc = New-Object system.Net.WebClient;
$sms = Read-Host "Enter SMS text";
$sms = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode($sms);
$smsResult = $wc.downloadString("http://smsserver/SNSManager/msgSend.jsp?uid&to=smartsms:*+001XXXXXX&msg=$sms&encoding=windows-1255")

The fact is that your maven plugin try to connect to an https remote repository
(e.g https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/)

This is a new SSL connectivity for Maven Central was made available in august, 2014 !

So please, can you verify that your settings.xml has the correct configuration.

    <settings>
  <activeProfiles>
    <!--make the profile active all the time -->
    <activeProfile>securecentral</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>
  <profiles>
    <profile>
      <id>securecentral</id>
      <!--Override the repository (and pluginRepository) "central" from the
         Maven Super POM -->
      <repositories>
        <repository>
          <id>central</id>
          <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
          <releases>
            <enabled>true</enabled>
          </releases>
        </repository>
      </repositories>
      <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
          <id>central</id>
          <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
          <releases>
            <enabled>true</enabled>
          </releases>
        </pluginRepository>
      </pluginRepositories>
    </profile>
  </profiles>
</settings>

You can alternatively use the simple http maven repository like this

 <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Maven Plugin Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
      <layout>default</layout>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>

Please let me know if my solution works ;)

J.

You can check out this post on SuperUser.

Word starts page numbering over for each new section by default.

I do it slightly differently than the post above that goes through the ribbon menus, but in both methods you have to go through the document to each section's beginning.

My method:

• open up the footer (or header if that's where your page number is)
• drag-select the page number
• right-click on it
• hit Format Page Numbers
• click on the Continue from Previous Section radio button under Page numbering

I find this right-click method to be a little faster. Also, usually if I insert the page numbers first before I start making any new sections, this problem doesn't happen in the first place.

Use grep:

grep -wE "string1|String2|...." file_name

Or you can use:

echo string | grep -wE "string1|String2|...."

That's rather hard to say - in order to really find out which one works better, you'd need to actually profile the execution times.

As a general rule of thumb, I think if you have indices on your foreign key columns, and if you're using only (or mostly) INNER JOIN conditions, then the JOIN will be slightly faster.

But as soon as you start using OUTER JOIN, or if you're lacking foreign key indexes, the IN might be quicker.

Marc

There is a wiki page here.

There are two ways the JVM can be started: by forking it in a separate process from the Eclipse launcher, or by loading it in-process using the JNI invocation API.

If you specify -vm with a path to the actual java(w).exe, then the JVM will be forked in a separate process. You can also specify -vm with a path to the jvm.dll so that the JVM is loaded in the same process:

-vm
D:/work/Java/jdk1.6.0_13/jre/bin/client/jvm.dll

You can also specify the path to the jre/bin folder itself.

Note also, the general format of the eclipse.ini is each argument on a separate line. It won't work if you put the "-vm" and the path on the same line.

Cast the operands to floats:

float ans = (float)a / (float)b;

A bit longer than I expected:

>>> df
                samples  subject  trial_num
0  [-0.07, -2.9, -2.44]        1          1
1   [-1.52, -0.35, 0.1]        1          2
2  [-0.17, 0.57, -0.65]        1          3
3  [-0.82, -1.06, 0.47]        2          1
4   [0.79, 1.35, -0.09]        2          2
5   [1.17, 1.14, -1.79]        2          3
>>>
>>> s = df.apply(lambda x: pd.Series(x['samples']),axis=1).stack().reset_index(level=1, drop=True)
>>> s.name = 'sample'
>>>
>>> df.drop('samples', axis=1).join(s)
   subject  trial_num  sample
0        1          1   -0.07
0        1          1   -2.90
0        1          1   -2.44
1        1          2   -1.52
1        1          2   -0.35
1        1          2    0.10
2        1          3   -0.17
2        1          3    0.57
2        1          3   -0.65
3        2          1   -0.82
3        2          1   -1.06
3        2          1    0.47
4        2          2    0.79
4        2          2    1.35
4        2          2   -0.09
5        2          3    1.17
5        2          3    1.14
5        2          3   -1.79

If you want sequential index, you can apply reset_index(drop=True) to the result.

update:

>>> res = df.set_index(['subject', 'trial_num'])['samples'].apply(pd.Series).stack()
>>> res = res.reset_index()
>>> res.columns = ['subject','trial_num','sample_num','sample']
>>> res
    subject  trial_num  sample_num  sample
0         1          1           0    1.89
1         1          1           1   -2.92
2         1          1           2    0.34
3         1          2           0    0.85
4         1          2           1    0.24
5         1          2           2    0.72
6         1          3           0   -0.96
7         1          3           1   -2.72
8         1          3           2   -0.11
9         2          1           0   -1.33
10        2          1           1    3.13
11        2          1           2   -0.65
12        2          2           0    0.10
13        2          2           1    0.65
14        2          2           2    0.15
15        2          3           0    0.64
16        2          3           1   -0.10
17        2          3           2   -0.76

Information provided by @Gord

As of September 2019 pywin32 is now available from PyPI and installs the latest version (currently version 224). This is done via the pip command

pip install pywin32

If you wish to get an older version the sourceforge link below would probably have the desired version, if not you can use the command, where xxx is the version you require, e.g. 224

pip install pywin32==xxx

This differs to the pip command below as that one uses pypiwin32 which currently installs an older (namely 223)

Browsing the docs I see no reason for these commands to work for all python3.x versions, I am unsure on python2.7 and below so you would have to try them and if they do not work then the solutions below will work.

Probably now undesirable solutions but certainly still valid as of September 2019

There is no version of specific version ofwin32api. You have to get the pywin32module which currently cannot be installed via pip. It is only available from this link at the moment.

https://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/pywin32/Build%20220/

The install does not take long and it pretty much all done for you. Just make sure to get the right version of it depending on your python version :)

EDIT

Since I posted my answer there are other alternatives to downloading the win32api module.

It is now available to download through pip using this command;

pip install pypiwin32

Also it can be installed from this GitHub repository as provided in comments by @Heath

Try this:

counter=0
while true; do
  if /home/hadoop/latest/bin/hadoop fs -ls /apps/hdtech/bds/quality-rt/dt=$DATE_YEST_FORMAT2 then
       echo "Files Present" | mailx -s "File Present"  -r [email protected] [email protected]
       break
  elif [[ "$counter" -gt 20 ]]; then
       echo "Counter limit reached, exit script."
       exit 1
  else
       let counter++
       echo "Sleeping for another half an hour" | mailx -s "Time to Sleep Now"  -r [email protected] [email protected]
       sleep 1800
  fi
done

Explanation

• break - if files are present, it will break and allow the script to process the files.
• [[ "$counter" -gt 20 ]] - if the counter variable is greater than 20, the script will exit.
• let counter++ - increments the counter by 1 at each pass.

First of all if the size of the image is smaller than the container, then only "img-fluid" class will not solve your problem. you have to set the width of image to 100%, for that you can use Bootstrap class "w-100". keep in mind that "container-fluid" and "col-12" class sets left and right padding to 15px and "row" class sets left and right margin to "-15px" by default. make sure to set them to 0.

Note: "px-0" is a bootstrap class which sets left and right padding to 0 and
"mx-0" is a bootstrap class which sets left and right margin to 0

P.S. i am using Bootstrap 4.0 version.

 <div class="container-fluid px-0">
        <div class="row mx-0">
            <div class="col-12 px-0">
            <img src="images/top.jpg" class="img-fluid w-100">
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

<style type="text/css">
     table { border:2px black dotted; margin: auto; width: 100%; }
    tr { border: 2px red dashed; }
    td { border: 1px green solid; }
</style>
<table>
    <tr>
        <td rowspan="2">x</td> 
        <td colspan="4">y</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>I</td>
        <td>II</td>
        <td>III</td>
        <td>IV</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>nothing</td>
        <td>1</td>
        <td>2</td>
        <td>3</td>
        <td>4</td>
    </tr>
</table>????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

In ES6, you can do like this.

var key = "name";
var person = {[key]:"John"}; // same as var person = {"name" : "John"}
console.log(person); // should print  Object { name="John"}

    var key = "name";_x000D_
    var person = {[key]:"John"};_x000D_
    console.log(person); // should print  Object { name="John"}

Its called Computed Property Names, its implemented using bracket notation( square brackets) []

Example: { [variableName] : someValue }

Starting with ECMAScript 2015, the object initializer syntax also supports computed property names. That allows you to put an expression in brackets [], that will be computed and used as the property name.

For ES5, try something like this

var yourObject = {};

yourObject[yourKey] = "yourValue";

console.log(yourObject );

example:

var person = {};
var key = "name";

person[key] /* this is same as person.name */ = "John";

console.log(person); // should print  Object { name="John"}

    var person = {};_x000D_
    var key = "name";_x000D_
    _x000D_
    person[key] /* this is same as person.name */ = "John";_x000D_
    _x000D_
    console.log(person); // should print  Object { name="John"}

I think you need str.contains, if you need rows where values of column date contains string 07311954:

print df[df['date'].astype(str).str.contains('07311954')]

Or if type of date column is string:

print df[df['date'].str.contains('07311954')]

If you want check last 4 digits for string 1954 in column date:

print df[df['date'].astype(str).str[-4:].str.contains('1954')]

Sample:

print df['date']
0    8152007
1    9262007
2    7311954
3    2252011
4    2012011
5    2012011
6    2222011
7    2282011
Name: date, dtype: int64

print df['date'].astype(str).str[-4:].str.contains('1954')
0    False
1    False
2     True
3    False
4    False
5    False
6    False
7    False
Name: date, dtype: bool

print df[df['date'].astype(str).str[-4:].str.contains('1954')]
     cmte_id trans_typ entity_typ state  employer  occupation     date  \
2  C00119040       24K        CCM    MD       NaN         NaN  7311954   

   amount     fec_id    cand_id  
2    1000  C00140715  H2MD05155  

I've merged some solutions together:

public static int getStatusBarHeight(final Context context) {
    final Resources resources = context.getResources();
    final int resourceId = resources.getIdentifier("status_bar_height", "dimen", "android");
    if (resourceId > 0)
        return resources.getDimensionPixelSize(resourceId);
    else
        return (int) Math.ceil((VERSION.SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.M ? 24 : 25) * resources.getDisplayMetrics().density);
    }

another alternative:

    final View view = findViewById(android.R.id.content);
    runJustBeforeBeingDrawn(view, new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            int statusBarHeight = getResources().getDisplayMetrics().heightPixels - view.getMeasuredHeight();
        }
    });

EDIT: Alternative to runJustBeforeBeingDrawn: https://stackoverflow.com/a/28136027/878126

The values of list can be changed any time but the values of tuples can't be change.

The advantages and disadvantages depends upon the use. If you have such a data which you never want to change then you should have to use tuple, otherwise list is the best option.

I came across this post recently when I was trying to decide what method to use to create my own custom keyboard. I found the Android system API to be very limited, so I decided to make my own in-app keyboard. Using Suragch's answer as the basis for my research, I went on to design my own keyboard component. It's posted on GitHub with an MIT license. Hopefully this will save somebody else a lot of time and headache.

The architecture is pretty flexible. There is one main view (CustomKeyboardView) that you can inject with whatever keyboard layout and controller you want.

You just have to declare the CustomKeyboardView in you activity xml (you can do it programmatically as well):

    <com.donbrody.customkeyboard.components.keyboard.CustomKeyboardView
    android:id="@+id/customKeyboardView"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" />

Then register your EditText's with it and tell it what type of keyboard they should use:

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

    val numberField: EditText = findViewById(R.id.testNumberField)
    val numberDecimalField: EditText = findViewById(R.id.testNumberDecimalField)
    val qwertyField: EditText = findViewById(R.id.testQwertyField)

    keyboard = findViewById(R.id.customKeyboardView)
    keyboard.registerEditText(CustomKeyboardView.KeyboardType.NUMBER, numberField)
    keyboard.registerEditText(CustomKeyboardView.KeyboardType.NUMBER_DECIMAL, numberDecimalField)
    keyboard.registerEditText(CustomKeyboardView.KeyboardType.QWERTY, qwertyField)
}

The CustomKeyboardView handles the rest!

I've got the ball rolling with a Number, NumberDecimal, and QWERTY keyboard. Feel free to download it and create your own layouts and controllers. It looks like this:

Even if this is not the architecture you decide to go with, hopefully it'll be helpful to see the source code for a working in-app keyboard.

Again, here's the link to the project: Custom In-App Keyboard

EDIT: I'm no longer an Android developer, and I no longer maintain this GitHub project. There are probably more modern approaches and architectures at this point, but please feel free to reference the GitHub project if you'd like and fork it.

Try marking the field with [NonSerialized()] attribute. This will tell the serializer to ignore the field.

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.nonserializedattribute(v=vs.110).aspx

To increase heap size in IntelliJ IDEA follow the following instructions. It worked for me.

For Windows Users,

Go to the location where IDE is installed and search for following.

idea64.exe.vmoptions

Edit the file and add the following.

-Xms512m
-Xmx2024m
-XX:MaxPermSize=700m
-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=480m

That is it !!

You can't delete a foreign key if it still references another table. First delete the reference

delete from kontakty
where id_osoby = 1;

DELETE FROM osoby 
WHERE id_osoby = 1;

One liner:

System.IO.File.WriteAllText(@"D:\file.txt", content);

It creates the file if it doesn't exist and overwrites it if it exists. Make sure you have appropriate privileges to write to the location, otherwise you will get an exception.

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143375%28v=vs.110%29.aspx?f=255&MSPPError=-2147217396

Write string to text file and ensure it always overwrites the existing content.

The scp operation is separate from your ssh login. You will need to issue an ssh command similar to the following one assuming jdoe is account with which you log into the remote system and that the remote system is example.com:

scp [email protected]:/somedir/table /home/me/Desktop/.

The scp command issued from the system where /home/me/Desktop resides is followed by the userid for the account on the remote server. You then add a ":" followed by the directory path and file name on the remote server, e.g., /somedir/table. Then add a space and the location to which you want to copy the file. If you want the file to have the same name on the client system, you can indicate that with a period, i.e. "." at the end of the directory path; if you want a different name you could use /home/me/Desktop/newname, instead. If you were using a nonstandard port for SSH connections, you would need to specify that port with a "-P n" (capital P), where "n" is the port number. The standard port is 22 and if you aren't specifying it for the SSH connection then you won't need that.

If you use yum search you can find the python dev package for your version of python.

For me I was using python 3.5. I ran the following

yum search python | grep devel

Which returned the following

I was then able to install the correct package for my version of python with the following cmd.

sudo yum install python35u-devel.x86_64

This works on centos for ubuntu or debian you would need to use apt-get

If you are directly working with matplotlib's pyplot (plt) and if you are more familiar with the new-style format string, you can try this:

from matplotlib.ticker import StrMethodFormatter
plt.gca().yaxis.set_major_formatter(StrMethodFormatter('{x:,.0f}')) # No decimal places
plt.gca().yaxis.set_major_formatter(StrMethodFormatter('{x:,.2f}')) # 2 decimal places

From the documentation:

class matplotlib.ticker.StrMethodFormatter(fmt)

Use a new-style format string (as used by str.format()) to format the tick.

The field used for the value must be labeled x and the field used for the position must be labeled pos.

Another option that can work better if you have many variables is factor and model.matrix.

> year.f = factor(year)
> dummies = model.matrix(~year.f)

This will include an intercept column (all ones) and one column for each of the years in your data set except one, which will be the "default" or intercept value.

You can change how the "default" is chosen by messing with contrasts.arg in model.matrix.

Also, if you want to omit the intercept, you can just drop the first column or add +0 to the end of the formula.

Hope this is useful.

You can use either CHARINDEX or PATINDEX to return the starting position of the specified expression in a character string.

CHARINDEX('bar', 'foobar') == 4
PATINDEX('%bar%', 'foobar') == 4

Mind that you need to use the wildcards in PATINDEX on either side.

From the pthread function prototype:

int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr,
    void *(*start_routine)(void*), void *arg);

The function passed to pthread_create must have a prototype of

void* name(void *arg)

You can use MySQL variables to do it. Something like this should work (though, it consists of two queries).

SELECT 0 INTO @x;

SELECT itemID, 
       COUNT(*) AS ordercount, 
       (@x:=@x+1) AS rownumber 
FROM orders 
GROUP BY itemID 
ORDER BY ordercount DESC; 

If the element only has one handler, then simply use jQuery unbind.

$("#element").unbind();

You can set it as a no title bar theme in the activity's xml in the AndroidManifest

    <activity 
        android:name=".AnActivity"
        android:label="@string/a_string"
        android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar">
    </activity>

I use Google Docs embeddable PDF viewer. The docs don't have to be uploaded to Google Docs, but they do have to be available online.

<iframe src="http://docs.google.com/gview?url=http://path.com/to/your/pdf.pdf&embedded=true" 
style="width:600px; height:500px;" frameborder="0"></iframe>

Why not just load the frame off screen or hidden and then display it once it has finished loading. You could show a loading icon in its place to begin with to give the user immediate feedback that it's loading.

If you're okay with just changing the header to another string five letters or fewer, you can simply patch the binary.

sed -i 's/nginx\r/thing\r/' `which nginx`

Which, as a solution, has a few notable advantages. Namely, that you can allow your nginx versioning to be handled by the package manager (so, no compiling from source) even if nginx-extras isn't available for your distro, and you don't need to worry about any of the additional code of something like nginx-extras being vulnerable.

Of course, you'll also want to set the option server_tokens off, to hide the version number, or patch that format string as well.

I say "five letters or fewer" because of course you can always replace:

nginx\r\0

with

bob\r\0\r\0

leaving the last two bytes unchanged.

If you actually want more than five characters, you'll want to leave server_tokens on, and replace the (slightly longer) format string, although again there's an upper limit on that length imposed by the length of the format string - 1 (for the carriage return).

...If none of the above makes sense to you, or you've never patched a binary before, you may want to stay away from this approach, though.

Tip: If you're using setValue but not providing every property on the form you'll get an error:

Must supply a value for form control with name: 'stateOrProvince'.

So you may be tempted to use patchValue, but this can be dangerous if you're trying to update a whole form. I have an address that may not have stateOrProvince or stateCd depending upon whether it is US or worldwide.

Instead you can update like this - which will use the nulls as defaults:

this.form.setValue( { stateOrProvince: null, stateCd: null, ...address } );

Try this...

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand( "Select * from Employee",con);
SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader( );
DataTable dt = new DataTable( "Employee" );
dt.Load( dr );
var Data = dt.AsEnumerable( );
var names = from emp in Data select emp.Field<String>( dt.Columns[1] );
foreach( var name in names )
{
    Console.WriteLine( name );
}

dividing a number by 10 will give you the left most digit then doing a mod 10 on the number gives the number without the first digit and repeat that till you have all the digits

A scenario which I sometimes run into:

Assume you have a trunk, from which you created a release branch. After some changes on trunk (in particular creating "some-dir" directory), you create a feature/fix branch which you want later merge into release branch as well (because changes were small enough and the feature/fix is important for release).

trunk -- ... -- create "some-dir" -- ...
     \                                  \-feature/fix branch
      \- release branch

If you then try to merge the feature/fix branch directly into the release branch you will get a tree conflict (even though the directory did not even exist in feature/fix branch):

svn status
!     C some-dir
      >   local missing or deleted or moved away, incoming file edit upon merge

So you need to explicitly merge the commits which were done on trunk before creating feature/fix branch which created the "some-dir" directory before merging the feature/fix branch.

I often forget that as that is not necessary in git.

First you are not in current folder...

Please use Cd to join to the folder name to access in project folder requeried...

Then use the code

Well, why don't you store the current selected value, and when the selected item is changed you will have the old value stored? (and you can update it again as you wish)

I had similar issue on Linux Ubuntu 14.

After constant 403 error messages in the browser and reading all answers here I could not figure out what was wrong.

Then I have reached for apache's error log, and finally got a hint that was a bit unexpected but perfectly logical.

the codeIgniter main folder had no X permission on folder rendering everything else unreadable by web server.

chmod ugo+x yourCodeIgniterFolder

fixed first problem. Killed 403 errors.

But then I started getting error 500.

Culprit was a wrong settings line in .htaccess

Then I started getting php errors.

Culprit was same problem as main folder no X flag for 'others' permission for inner folders in application and system folders.

My two cents for this question: READ Apache Error.log.

But, also be aware of security issues. CodeIgniter suggests moving application and system folder out of web space therefore changing permissions shall be taken with a great care if these folders remain in web space.

Another thing worth mentioning here is that I have unzipped downloaded CodeIgniter archive directly to the web space. Folder permissions are likely created straight from the archive. As given they are secure, but folder access issue (on unix like systems) is not mentioned in CodeIgniter manual https://codeigniter.com/user_guide/installation/index.html and perhaps it shall be mentioned there with guidelines on how to relax security for CodeIgniter to work while keeping security tight for the production system (some security hints are already there in the manual as mentioned beforehand).

Use a ScheduledExecutorService:

 private final ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
 scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(yourRunnable, 8, 8, TimeUnit.HOURS);

It is a little tricky. First you can use keytool to put the private key into PKCS12 format, which is more portable/compatible than Java's various keystore formats. Here is an example taking a private key with alias 'mykey' in a Java keystore and copying it into a PKCS12 file named myp12file.p12. [note that on most screens this command extends beyond the right side of the box: you need to scroll right to see it all]

keytool -v -importkeystore -srckeystore .keystore -srcalias mykey -destkeystore myp12file.p12 -deststoretype PKCS12
Enter destination keystore password:  
Re-enter new password: 
Enter source keystore password:  
[Storing myp12file.p12]

Now the file myp12file.p12 contains the private key in PKCS12 format which may be used directly by many software packages or further processed using the openssl pkcs12 command. For example,

openssl pkcs12 -in myp12file.p12 -nocerts -nodes
Enter Import Password:
MAC verified OK
Bag Attributes
    friendlyName: mykey
    localKeyID: 54 69 6D 65 20 31 32 37 31 32 37 38 35 37 36 32 35 37 
Key Attributes: <No Attributes>
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIC...
.
.
.
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

Prints out the private key unencrypted.

Note that this is a private key, and you are responsible for appreciating the security implications of removing it from your Java keystore and moving it around.

Just Add This On build.gradle. implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:20.2.3'

I'm not sure I fully understand the question but I'll attempt to answer by providing a few details about profiles in Spring Boot.

For your #1 example, according to the docs you can select the profile using the Spring Boot Maven plugin using -Drun.profiles.

Edit: For Spring Boot 2.0+ run has been renamed to spring-boot.run and run.profiles has been renamed to spring-boot.run.profiles

mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.profiles=dev

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.1.RELEASE/maven-plugin/examples/run-profiles.html

From your #2 example, you are defining the active profile after the name of the jar. You need to provide the JVM argument before the name of the jar you are running.

java -jar -Dspring.profiles.active=dev XXX.jar

General info:

You mention that you have both an application.yml and a application-dev.yml. Running with the dev profile will actually load both config files. Values from application-dev.yml will override the same values provided by application.yml but values from both yml files will be loaded.

There are also multiple ways to define the active profile.

You can define them as you did, using -Dspring.profiles.active when running your jar. You can also set the profile using a SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE environment variable or a spring.profiles.active system property.

More info can be found here: https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/howto.html#howto-set-active-spring-profiles

List<string> myCollection = new List<string>()
{
    "Bob", "Bob","Alex", "Abdi", "Abdi", "Bob", "Alex", "Bob","Abdi"
};

myCollection.Sort();
foreach (var name in myCollection.Distinct())
{
    Console.WriteLine(name + " " + myCollection.Count(x=> x == name));
}

output: Abdi 3 Alex 2 Bob 4

For those folks who like to measure speed in IPS ;)

require 'benchmark/ips'

ary = []
1000.times { 
  ary << {:bar => rand(1000)} 
}

Benchmark.ips do |x|
  x.report("sort")               { ary.sort{ |a,b| b[:bar] <=> a[:bar] } }
  x.report("sort reverse")       { ary.sort{ |a,b| a[:bar] <=> b[:bar] }.reverse }
  x.report("sort_by -a[:bar]")   { ary.sort_by{ |a| -a[:bar] } }
  x.report("sort_by a[:bar]*-1") { ary.sort_by{ |a| a[:bar]*-1 } }
  x.report("sort_by.reverse!")   { ary.sort_by{ |a| a[:bar] }.reverse }
  x.compare!
end

And results:

Warming up --------------------------------------
                sort    93.000  i/100ms
        sort reverse    91.000  i/100ms
    sort_by -a[:bar]   382.000  i/100ms
  sort_by a[:bar]*-1   398.000  i/100ms
    sort_by.reverse!   397.000  i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
                sort    938.530  (± 1.8%) i/s -      4.743k in   5.055290s
        sort reverse    901.157  (± 6.1%) i/s -      4.550k in   5.075351s
    sort_by -a[:bar]      3.814k (± 4.4%) i/s -     19.100k in   5.019260s
  sort_by a[:bar]*-1      3.732k (± 4.3%) i/s -     18.706k in   5.021720s
    sort_by.reverse!      3.928k (± 3.6%) i/s -     19.850k in   5.060202s

Comparison:
    sort_by.reverse!:     3927.8 i/s
    sort_by -a[:bar]:     3813.9 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error
  sort_by a[:bar]*-1:     3732.3 i/s - same-ish: difference falls within error
                sort:      938.5 i/s - 4.19x  slower
        sort reverse:      901.2 i/s - 4.36x  slower

This work around with IsNumeric function will work:

select * from A where ISNUMERIC(x) =1 and X not like '%.%'

or Use

select * from A where x **not like** '%[^0-9]%'

I know this is an old post, but I wanted to add something for posterity. The simple way of handling the issue that you have is to make another table, of value to key.

ie. you have 2 tables that have the same value, one pointing one direction, one pointing the other.

function addValue(key, value)
    if (value == nil) then
        removeKey(key)
        return
    end
    _primaryTable[key] = value
    _secodaryTable[value] = key
end

function removeKey(key)
    local value = _primaryTable[key]
    if (value == nil) then
        return
    end
    _primaryTable[key] = nil
    _secondaryTable[value] = nil
end

function getValue(key)
    return _primaryTable[key]
end

function containsValue(value)
    return _secondaryTable[value] ~= nil
end

You can then query the new table to see if it has the key 'element'. This prevents the need to iterate through every value of the other table.

If it turns out that you can't actually use the 'element' as a key, because it's not a string for example, then add a checksum or tostring on it for example, and then use that as the key.

Why do you want to do this? If your tables are very large, the amount of time to iterate through every element will be significant, preventing you from doing it very often. The additional memory overhead will be relatively small, as it will be storing 2 pointers to the same object, rather than 2 copies of the same object. If your tables are very small, then it will matter much less, infact it may even be faster to iterate than to have another map lookup.

The wording of the question however strongly suggests that you have a large number of items to deal with.

They are the same (as is the third form, ^=).

Note, though, that they are still considered different from the point of view of the parser, that is a stored outline defined for a != won't match <> or ^=.

This is unlike PostgreSQL where the parser treats != and <> yet on parsing stage, so you cannot overload != and <> to be different operators.

Heres mine (given "mail" is configured correctly):

scanuser@owncloud:~$ vi sendMailAboutNewDocuments.sh

mail -s "You have new mail" -a "Content-type: text/html" -a "From: [email protected]" $1 << EOF
<html>
<body>
Neues Dokument: $2<br>
<a href="https://xxx/index.php/apps/files/?dir=/Post">Hier anschauen</a>
</body>
</html>

EOF

to make executable:

chmod +x sendMailAboutNewDocuments.sh

then call:

./sendMailAboutNewDocuments.sh [email protected] test.doc

Put your JavaScript code after your tag <canvas></canvas>

Float: left, display: inline-block will both fail to align the elements horizontally if they exceed the width of the container.

It's important to note that the container should not wrap if the elements MUST display horizontally: white-space: nowrap

There is a great Node.js package for that: serialize-error.

npm install serialize-error

It handles well even nested Error objects.

import {serializeError} from 'serialize-error';

JSON.stringify(serializeError(error));

Docs: https://www.npmjs.com/package/serialize-error

The "error_page" parameter makes a redirect, converting the request method to "GET", it is not a custom response page.

The easiest solution is

     server{
         root /var/www/html;
         location ~ \.php {
            if (!-f $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name){
                return 404;
            }
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            include fastcgi_params.default;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
        }

By the way, if you want Nginx to process 404 status returned by PHP scripts, you need to add

[fastcgi_intercept_errors][1] on;

E.g.

     location ~ \.php {
            #...
            error_page  404   404.html;
            fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
         }

For OSX' terminal:

openssl s_client -connect smtp.gmail.com:25 -starttls smtp 

You have to install npm install env-cmd

Make .env in the root directory and update like this & REACT_APP_ is the compulsory prefix for the variable name.

REACT_APP_NODE_ENV="production"
REACT_APP_DB="http://localhost:5000"

Update package.json

  "scripts": {
    "start": "env-cmd react-scripts start",
    "build": "env-cmd react-scripts build",
    "test": "react-scripts test",
    "eject": "react-scripts eject"
  }

For a Windows machine start the mongod process by specifying the dbpath:

mongod --dbpath \mongodb\data

Reference: Manage mongod Processes

You must build an executable file before you can run it. So if you don't “BUILD” your file, then it will not be able to link and load that object file, and hence it does not have the required binary numbers to execute.

So basically right click on the Project -> Build Project -> Run As Local C/C++ Application should do the trick

Updated for Xcode 11+

The insets described in my original answer have been moved to the size inspector in more recent versions of Xcode. I am not 100% clear on when the switch happened but readers should review the size inspector if the inset information is not found in the attributes inspector. Below is a sample of the new inset screen (located at the top of size attributes inspector as of 11.5).

Original Answer

Nothing wrong with the other answers, however I just wanted to note that the same behavior can be accomplished visually within Xcode using zero lines of code. This solution is useful if you do not need a calculated value or are building with a storyboard/xib (otherwise other solutions apply).

Note - I do understand that the OP's question is one requiring code. I am just providing this answer for completeness and as a logical alternative for those using storyboards/xibs.

To modify spacing on image, title, and content views of a button using edge insets you can select the button/control and open the attributes inspector. Scroll down towards the middle of the inspector and find the section for Edge insets.

One can also access and modify the specific edge insets for the title, image or content view .

I have had the same problem, and I had to set the "Target Framework" of all the projects to be the same. Then it built fine. On the Project menu, click ProjectName Properties. Click the compile tab. Click Advanced Compile Options. In the Target Framework, choose your desired framework.

def f(a,b):
    return a+b

xx = 'f'
print eval('%s(%s,%s)'%(xx,2,3))

OUTPUT

 5

GPS Visualizer has an interface by which you can cut and paste a CSV file and convert it to kml:

http://www.gpsvisualizer.com/map_input?form=googleearth

Then use Google Earth. If you don't have Google Earth and want to display it online I found another nifty service that will plot kml files online:

http://display-kml.appspot.com/

test = {'foo': 'bar', 'hello': 'world'}
ls = []
for key in test.keys():
    ls.append(key)
print(ls[0])

Conventional way of appending the keys to a statically defined list and then indexing it for same

<script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function () {
            var gridHeader = $('#<%=grdSiteWiseEmpAttendance.ClientID%>').clone(true); // Here Clone Copy of Gridview with style
            $(gridHeader).find("tr:gt(0)").remove(); // Here remove all rows except first row (header row)
            $('#<%=grdSiteWiseEmpAttendance.ClientID%> tr th').each(function (i) {
                // Here Set Width of each th from gridview to new table(clone table) th 
                $("th:nth-child(" + (i + 1) + ")", gridHeader).css('width', ($(this).width()).toString() + "px");
            });
            $("#GHead1").append(gridHeader);
            $('#GHead1').css('position', 'top');
            $('#GHead1').css('top', $('#<%=grdSiteWiseEmpAttendance.ClientID%>').offset().top);

        });
    </script>

<div class="row">
                                                        <div class="col-lg-12" style="width: auto;">
                                                            <div id="GHead1"></div>
                                                            <div id="divGridViewScroll1" style="height: 600px; overflow: auto">
                                                                <div class="table-responsive">
                                                                    <asp:GridView ID="grdSiteWiseEmpAttendance" CssClass="table table-small-font table-bordered table-striped" Font-Size="Smaller" EmptyDataRowStyle-ForeColor="#cc0000" HeaderStyle-Font-Size="8" HeaderStyle-Font-Names="Calibri" HeaderStyle-Font-Italic="true" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false"
                                                                        BackColor="#f0f5f5" OnRowDataBound="grdSiteWiseEmpAttendance_RowDataBound" HeaderStyle-ForeColor="#990000">

                                                                        <Columns>
                                                                        </Columns>
                                                                        <HeaderStyle HorizontalAlign="Justify" VerticalAlign="Top" />
                                                                        <RowStyle Font-Names="Calibri" ForeColor="#000000" />
                                                                    </asp:GridView>
                                                                </div>
                                                            </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                    </div>

This is strange but Logger.getLogger("global") does not work in my setup (as well as Logger.getLogger(Logger.GLOBAL_LOGGER_NAME)).

However Logger.getLogger("") does the job well.

Hope this info also helps somebody...

This will open the link in a new tab in Chrome and Firefox, and possibly more browsers I haven't tested:

var popup  = $window.open("about:blank", "_blank"); // the about:blank is to please Chrome, and _blank to please Firefox
popup.location = 'newpage.html';

It basically opens a new empty tab, and then sets the location of that empty tab. Beware that it is a sort of a hack, since browser tab/window behavior is really the domain, responsibility and choice of the Browser and the User.

The second line can be called in a callback (after you've done some AJAX request for example), but then the browser would not recognize it as a user-initiated click-event, and may block the popup.

The semantics of Having

To better understand having, you need to see it from a theoretical point of view.

A group by is a query that takes a table and summarizes it into another table. You summarize the original table by grouping the original table into subsets (based upon the attributes that you specify in the group by). Each of these groups will yield one tuple.

The Having is simply equivalent to a WHERE clause after the group by has executed and before the select part of the query is computed.

Lets say your query is:

select a, b, count(*) 
from Table 
where c > 100 
group by a, b 
having count(*) > 10;

The evaluation of this query can be seen as the following steps:

1. Perform the WHERE, eliminating rows that do not satisfy it.
2. Group the table into subsets based upon the values of a and b (each tuple in each subset has the same values of a and b).
3. Eliminate subsets that do not satisfy the HAVING condition
4. Process each subset outputting the values as indicated in the SELECT part of the query. This creates one output tuple per subset left after step 3.

You can extend this to any complex query there Table can be any complex query that return a table (a cross product, a join, a UNION, etc).

In fact, having is syntactic sugar and does not extend the power of SQL. Any given query:

SELECT list 
FROM table
GROUP BY attrList
HAVING condition;

can be rewritten as:

SELECT list from (
   SELECT listatt 
   FROM table 
   GROUP BY attrList) as Name
WHERE condition;

The listatt is a list that includes the GROUP BY attributes and the expressions used in list and condition. It might be necessary to name some expressions in this list (with AS). For instance, the example query above can be rewritten as:

select a, b, count 
from (select a, b, count(*) as count
      from Table 
      where c > 100
      group by a, b) as someName
where count > 10;

The solution you need

Your solution seems to be correct:

SELECT s.sid, s.name
FROM Supplier s, Supplies su, Project pr
WHERE s.sid = su.sid AND su.jid = pr.jid
GROUP BY s.sid, s.name
HAVING COUNT (DISTINCT pr.jid) >= 2 

You join the three tables, then using sid as a grouping attribute (sname is functionally dependent on it, so it does not have an impact on the number of groups, but you must include it, otherwise it cannot be part of the select part of the statement). Then you are removing those that do not satisfy your condition: the satisfy pr.jid is >= 2, which is that you wanted originally.

Best solution to your problem

I personally prefer a simpler cleaner solution:

1. You need to only group by Supplies (sid, pid, jid**, quantity) to find the sid of those that supply at least to two projects.
2. Then join it to the Suppliers table to get the supplier same.

 SELECT sid, sname from
    (SELECT sid from supplies 
    GROUP BY sid, pid 
    HAVING count(DISTINCT jid) >= 2
    ) AS T1
NATURAL JOIN 
Supliers;

It will also be faster to execute, because the join is only done when needed, not all the times.

--dmg

A regular expression might not be the most effective tool for this job.

Try using parse_url(), combined with pathinfo():

$url      = 'http://php.net/manual/en/function.preg-match.php';
$path     = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_PATH);
$pathinfo = pathinfo($path);

echo $pathinfo['dirname'], '/', $pathinfo['filename'];

The above code outputs:

/manual/en/function.preg-match