It work for me in this issue in a project of react-native:

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 7.0.

244 actionable tasks: 2 executed, 242 up-to-date D8: Cannot fit requested classes in a single dex file (# fields: 67296 > 65536) com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerException: Error while merging dex archives: The number of method references in a .dex file cannot exceed 64K. Learn how to resolve this issue at https://developer.android.com/tools/building/multidex.html ....

I Did this:

• Uninstall the app from my device:

• The number of method references in a .dex file cannot exceed 64k API 17

Go to the build.gradle(Module App) in your project:

Follow the pic and change those version:

compileSdkVersion: 27
targetSdkVersion: 27

and if android studio version 2: Change the line with this line:

compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:27.1.1'

else Change the line with this line:

implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:27.1.1'

and hopefully, you will solve your bug.

use return Observable.of(HEROES);

It seems fetch support URL scheme with "http" or "https" for CORS request.

Install node fetch library npm install node-fetch, read the file and parse to json.

const fs = require('fs')
const readJson = filename => {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    if (filename.toLowerCase().endsWith(".json")) {
      fs.readFile(filename, (err, data) => {
        if (err) {
          reject(err)
          return
        }
        resolve(JSON.parse(data))
      })
    }
    else {
      reject(new Error("Invalid filetype, <*.json> required."))
      return
    }
  })
}

// usage
const filename = "../data.json"
readJson(filename).then(data => console.log(data)).catch(err => console.log(err.message))

Another option is to add it to the jest.config.js file after the module.exports definition:

process.env = Object.assign(process.env, {
  VAR_NAME: 'varValue',
  VAR_NAME_2: 'varValue2'
});

This way it's not necessary to define the environment variables in each .spec file and they can be adjusted globally.

I had the same error. I solved it by installing CORS in my backend using npm i cors. You'll then need to add this to your code:

const cors = require('cors');
app.use(cors());

This fixed it for me; now I can post my forms using AJAX and without needing to add any customized headers.

Don't want to be repetitive, but just to summarize in other way (features added in new HttpClient):

• Automatic conversion from JSON to an object
• Response type definition
• Event firing
• Simplified syntax for headers
• Interceptors

I wrote an article, where I covered the difference between old "http" and new "HttpClient". The goal was to explain it in the easiest way possible.

Simply about new HttpClient in Angular

I could do that following the steps:

1. Create a folder __mocks__/ (as pointed by @Januartha comment)
2. Implement an axios.js mock file
3. Use my implemented module on test

The mock will happen automatically

Example of the mock module:

module.exports = {
    get: jest.fn((url) => {
        if (url === '/something') {
            return Promise.resolve({
                data: 'data'
            });
        }
    }),
    post: jest.fn((url) => {
        if (url === '/something') {
            return Promise.resolve({
                data: 'data'
            });
        }
        if (url === '/something2') {
            return Promise.resolve({
                data: 'data2'
            });
        }
    }),
    create: jest.fn(function () {
        return this;
    })
};

You're almost there. Although I agree with @Alex Young answer about using props for that, you simply need a reference to the instance before trying to spy on the method.

describe('my sweet test', () => {
 it('clicks it', () => {
    const app = shallow(<App />)
    const instance = app.instance()
    const spy = jest.spyOn(instance, 'myClickFunc')

    instance.forceUpdate();    

    const p = app.find('.App-intro')
    p.simulate('click')
    expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalled()
 })
})

Docs: http://airbnb.io/enzyme/docs/api/ShallowWrapper/instance.html

the simplest way what I found from a tutorial of "TraversyMedia" is that just use https://cors-anywhere.herokuapp.com in 'axios' or 'fetch' api

https://cors-anywhere.herokuapp.com/{type_your_url_here} 

e.g.

axios.get(`https://cors-anywhere.herokuapp.com/https://www.api.com/`)

and in your case edit url as

url: 'https://cors-anywhere.herokuapp.com/https://www.api.com',

In case of a large project, it's difficult to fix each of these exceptions. At the same time, using Silent is not advised. I have written a script to remove all the unnecessary stubbings given a list of them.

https://gist.github.com/cueo/da1ca49e92679ac49f808c7ef594e75b

We just need to copy-paste the mvn output and write the list of these exceptions using regex and let the script take care of the rest.

Try installing tensorflow again with the whatever version you want and with option --ignore-installed like:

pip install tensorflow==1.2.0 --ignore-installed

I solved same issue using this command.

This error occurs me when I use path.resolve(), to set up 'entry' and 'output' settings. entry: path.resolve(__dirname + '/app.jsx'). Just try entry: __dirname + '/app.jsx'

You can try this:

import * as _Window from "jsdom/lib/jsdom/browser/Window";

window.open = jest.fn().mockImplementationOnce(() => {
    return new _Window({ parsingMode: "html" });
});

it("correct url is called", () => {
    statementService.openStatementsReport(111);
    expect(window.open).toHaveBeenCalled();
});

Found the issue by rolling back to Angular 1.5.9 and rerunning the test. It was a simple injection issue but Angular 1.6.0 superseded this by throwing the "Possibly Unhandled Rejection" error instead, obfuscating the actual error.

I solved this another way. Let's say you have your dependency.js

export const myFunction = () => { }

I create a depdency.mock.js file besides it with the following content:

export const mockFunction = jest.fn();

jest.mock('dependency.js', () => ({ myFunction: mockFunction }));

And in the test, before I import the file that has the dependency, I use:

import { mockFunction } from 'dependency.mock'
import functionThatCallsDep from './tested-code'

it('my test', () => {
    mockFunction.returnValue(false);

    functionThatCallsDep();

    expect(mockFunction).toHaveBeenCalled();

})

For me it was an old version of npm.

Run npm install npm@latest -g and then npm install

C++ programs are translated to assembly programs during the generation of machine code from the source code. It would be virtually wrong to say assembly is slower than C++. Moreover, the binary code generated differs from compiler to compiler. So a smart C++ compiler may produce binary code more optimal and efficient than a dumb assembler's code.

However I believe your profiling methodology has certain flaws. The following are general guidelines for profiling:

1. Make sure your system is in its normal/idle state. Stop all running processes (applications) that you started or that use CPU intensively (or poll over the network).
2. Your datasize must be greater in size.
3. Your test must run for something more than 5-10 seconds.
4. Do not rely on just one sample. Perform your test N times. Collect results and calculate the mean or median of the result.

Take a look at your code :

 getUsers(): Observable<User[]> {
        return Observable.create(observer => {
            this.http.get('http://users.org').map(response => response.json();
        })
    }

and code from https://angular.io/docs/ts/latest/tutorial/toh-pt6.html (BTW. really good tutorial, you should check it out)

 getHeroes(): Promise<Hero[]> {
    return this.http.get(this.heroesUrl)
               .toPromise()
               .then(response => response.json().data as Hero[])
               .catch(this.handleError);
  }

The HttpService inside Angular2 already returns an observable, sou don't need to wrap another Observable around like you did here:

   return Observable.create(observer => {
        this.http.get('http://users.org').map(response => response.json()

Try to follow the guide in link that I provided. You should be just fine when you study it carefully.

---EDIT----

First of all WHERE you log the this.users variable? JavaScript isn't working that way. Your variable is undefined and it's fine, becuase of the code execution order!

Try to do it like this:

  getUsers(): void {
        this.userService.getUsers()
            .then(users => {
               this.users = users
               console.log('this.users=' + this.users);
            });


    }

See where the console.log(...) is!

Try to resign from toPromise() it's seems to be just for ppl with no RxJs background.

Catch another link: https://scotch.io/tutorials/angular-2-http-requests-with-observables Build your service once again with RxJs observables.

I got this error when stubbing with sinon.

The fix is to use npm package sinon-as-promised when resolving or rejecting promises with stubs.

Instead of ...

sinon.stub(Database, 'connect').returns(Promise.reject( Error('oops') ))

Use ...

require('sinon-as-promised');
sinon.stub(Database, 'connect').rejects(Error('oops'));

There is also a resolves method (note the s on the end).

See http://clarkdave.net/2016/09/node-v6-6-and-asynchronously-handled-promise-rejections

Try to remove node_modules rm -rf node_modules and package-lock.json rm -rf package-lock.json, after that run npm install.

I used to get such an error. I found a more reliable solution. I have mentioned the import statements too which have worked for me. The below piece of code perfectly mocks restemplate.

import org.mockito.Matchers;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;

    HttpHeaders headers = new Headers();
    headers.setExpires(10000L);     
    ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>("dummyString", headers, HttpStatus.OK);
    when(restTemplate.exchange( Matchers.anyString(), 
            Matchers.any(HttpMethod.class),
            Matchers.<HttpEntity<?>> any(), 
            Matchers.<Class<String>> any())).thenReturn(responseEntity);

I had this issue, it is true that the error on the console ain't descriptive. But if you look at the angular-cli output:

You will see a WARNING, pointing to the circular dependency

WARNING in Circular dependency detected:
module1 -> module2
module2 -> module1

So the solution is to remove one import from one of the Modules.

You'll also get this error if your target element is inside a hidden element. If this is your HTML:

<div *ngIf="false">
    <span #sp>Hello World</span>
</div>

Your @ViewChild('sp') sp will be undefined.

Solution

In such a case, then don't use *ngIf.

Instead use a class to show/hide your element being hidden.

<div [class.show]="shouldShow">...</div>

A lot of good answers already for Ubuntu. I'm on Linux and had the same problem but none of the commands above worked for me.

With Linux and php70 I used the following command which worked great:

sudo yum install php70-mbstring -y

doAnswer and thenReturn do the same thing if:

1. You are using Mock, not Spy
2. The method you're stubbing is returning a value, not a void method.

Let's mock this BookService

public interface BookService {
    String getAuthor();
    void queryBookTitle(BookServiceCallback callback);
}

You can stub getAuthor() using doAnswer and thenReturn.

BookService service = mock(BookService.class);
when(service.getAuthor()).thenReturn("Joshua");
// or..
doAnswer(new Answer() {
    @Override
    public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
        return "Joshua";
    }
}).when(service).getAuthor();

Note that when using doAnswer, you can't pass a method on when.

// Will throw UnfinishedStubbingException
doAnswer(invocation -> "Joshua").when(service.getAuthor());

So, when would you use doAnswer instead of thenReturn? I can think of two use cases:

1. When you want to "stub" void method.

Using doAnswer you can do some additionals actions upon method invocation. For example, trigger a callback on queryBookTitle.

BookServiceCallback callback = new BookServiceCallback() {
    @Override
    public void onSuccess(String bookTitle) {
        assertEquals("Effective Java", bookTitle);
    }
};
doAnswer(new Answer() {
    @Override
    public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
        BookServiceCallback callback = (BookServiceCallback) invocation.getArguments()[0];
        callback.onSuccess("Effective Java");
        // return null because queryBookTitle is void
        return null;
    }
}).when(service).queryBookTitle(callback);
service.queryBookTitle(callback);

2. When you are using Spy instead of Mock

When using when-thenReturn on Spy Mockito will call real method and then stub your answer. This can cause a problem if you don't want to call real method, like in this sample:

List list = new LinkedList();
List spy = spy(list);
// Will throw java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index: 0, Size: 0
when(spy.get(0)).thenReturn("java");
assertEquals("java", spy.get(0));

Using doAnswer we can stub it safely.

List list = new LinkedList();
List spy = spy(list);
doAnswer(invocation -> "java").when(spy).get(0);
assertEquals("java", spy.get(0));

Actually, if you don't want to do additional actions upon method invocation, you can just use doReturn.

List list = new LinkedList();
List spy = spy(list);
doReturn("java").when(spy).get(0);
assertEquals("java", spy.get(0));

Since HttpClient use SendAsync method to perform all HTTP Requests, you can override SendAsync method and mock the HttpClient.

For that wrap creating HttpClient to a interface, something like below

public interface IServiceHelper
{
    HttpClient GetClient();
}

Then use above interface for dependency injection in your service, sample below

public class SampleService
{
    private readonly IServiceHelper serviceHelper;

    public SampleService(IServiceHelper serviceHelper)
    {
        this.serviceHelper = serviceHelper;
    }

    public async Task<HttpResponseMessage> Get(int dummyParam)
    {
        try
        {
            var dummyUrl = "http://www.dummyurl.com/api/controller/" + dummyParam;
            var client = serviceHelper.GetClient();
            HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync(dummyUrl);               

            return response;
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            // log.
            throw;
        }
    }
}

Now in unit test project create a helper class for mocking SendAsync. Here it is a FakeHttpResponseHandler class which is inheriting DelegatingHandler which will provide an option to override the SendAsync method. After overriding the SendAsync method need to setup a response for each HTTP Request which is calling SendAsync method, for that create a Dictionary with key as Uri and value as HttpResponseMessage so that whenever there is a HTTP Request and if the Uri matches SendAsync will return the configured HttpResponseMessage.

public class FakeHttpResponseHandler : DelegatingHandler
{
    private readonly IDictionary<Uri, HttpResponseMessage> fakeServiceResponse;
    private readonly JavaScriptSerializer javaScriptSerializer;
    public FakeHttpResponseHandler()
    {
        fakeServiceResponse =  new Dictionary<Uri, HttpResponseMessage>();
        javaScriptSerializer =  new JavaScriptSerializer();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Used for adding fake httpResponseMessage for the httpClient operation.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="TQueryStringParameter"> query string parameter </typeparam>
    /// <param name="uri">Service end point URL.</param>
    /// <param name="httpResponseMessage"> Response expected when the service called.</param>
    public void AddFakeServiceResponse(Uri uri, HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage)
    {
        fakeServiceResponse.Remove(uri);
        fakeServiceResponse.Add(uri, httpResponseMessage);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Used for adding fake httpResponseMessage for the httpClient operation having query string parameter.
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="TQueryStringParameter"> query string parameter </typeparam>
    /// <param name="uri">Service end point URL.</param>
    /// <param name="httpResponseMessage"> Response expected when the service called.</param>
    /// <param name="requestParameter">Query string parameter.</param>
    public void AddFakeServiceResponse<TQueryStringParameter>(Uri uri, HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage, TQueryStringParameter requestParameter)
    {
        var serilizedQueryStringParameter = javaScriptSerializer.Serialize(requestParameter);
        var actualUri = new Uri(string.Concat(uri, serilizedQueryStringParameter));
        fakeServiceResponse.Remove(actualUri);
        fakeServiceResponse.Add(actualUri, httpResponseMessage);
    }

    // all method in HttpClient call use SendAsync method internally so we are overriding that method here.
    protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        if(fakeServiceResponse.ContainsKey(request.RequestUri))
        {
            return Task.FromResult(fakeServiceResponse[request.RequestUri]);
        }

        return Task.FromResult(new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
        {
            RequestMessage = request,
            Content = new StringContent("Not matching fake found")
        });
    }
}

Create a new implementation for IServiceHelper by mocking framework or like below. This FakeServiceHelper class we can use to inject the FakeHttpResponseHandler class so that whenever the HttpClient created by this class it will use FakeHttpResponseHandler class instead of the actual implementation.

public class FakeServiceHelper : IServiceHelper
{
    private readonly DelegatingHandler delegatingHandler;

    public FakeServiceHelper(DelegatingHandler delegatingHandler)
    {
        this.delegatingHandler = delegatingHandler;
    }

    public HttpClient GetClient()
    {
        return new HttpClient(delegatingHandler);
    }
}

And in test configure FakeHttpResponseHandler class by adding the Uri and expected HttpResponseMessage. The Uri should be the actual serviceendpoint Uri so that when the overridden SendAsync method is called from actual service implementation it will match the Uri in Dictionary and respond with the configured HttpResponseMessage. After configuring inject the FakeHttpResponseHandler object to the fake IServiceHelper implementation. Then inject the FakeServiceHelper class to the actual service which will make the actual service to use the override SendAsync method.

[TestClass]
public class SampleServiceTest
{
    private FakeHttpResponseHandler fakeHttpResponseHandler;

    [TestInitialize]
    public void Initialize()
    {
        fakeHttpResponseHandler = new FakeHttpResponseHandler();
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public async Task GetMethodShouldReturnFakeResponse()
    {
        Uri uri = new Uri("http://www.dummyurl.com/api/controller/");
        const int dummyParam = 123456;
        const string expectdBody = "Expected Response";

        var expectedHttpResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK)
        {
            Content = new StringContent(expectdBody)
        };

        fakeHttpResponseHandler.AddFakeServiceResponse(uri, expectedHttpResponseMessage, dummyParam);

        var fakeServiceHelper = new FakeServiceHelper(fakeHttpResponseHandler);

        var sut = new SampleService(fakeServiceHelper);

        var response = await sut.Get(dummyParam);

        var responseBody = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

        Assert.AreEqual(HttpStatusCode.OK, response.StatusCode);
        Assert.AreEqual(expectdBody, responseBody);
    }
}

GitHub Link : which is having sample implementation

Here I am giving you a proper example of one callback method . so suppose we have a method like method login() :

 public void login() {
    loginService = new LoginService();
    loginService.login(loginProvider, new LoginListener() {
        @Override
        public void onLoginSuccess() {
            loginService.getresult(true);
        }

        @Override
        public void onLoginFaliure() {
            loginService.getresult(false);

        }
    });
    System.out.print("@@##### get called");
}

I also put all the helper class here to make the example more clear: loginService class

public class LoginService implements Login.getresult{
public void login(LoginProvider loginProvider,LoginListener callback){

    String username  = loginProvider.getUsername();
    String pwd  = loginProvider.getPassword();
    if(username != null && pwd != null){
        callback.onLoginSuccess();
    }else{
        callback.onLoginFaliure();
    }

}

@Override
public void getresult(boolean value) {
    System.out.print("login success"+value);
}}

and we have listener LoginListener as :

interface LoginListener {
void onLoginSuccess();

void onLoginFaliure();

}

now I just wanted to test the method login() of class Login

 @Test
public void loginTest() throws Exception {
    LoginService service = mock(LoginService.class);
    LoginProvider provider = mock(LoginProvider.class);
    whenNew(LoginProvider.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(provider);
    whenNew(LoginService.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(service);
    when(provider.getPassword()).thenReturn("pwd");
    when(provider.getUsername()).thenReturn("username");
    login.getLoginDetail("username","password");

    verify(provider).setPassword("password");
    verify(provider).setUsername("username");

    verify(service).login(eq(provider),captor.capture());

    LoginListener listener = captor.getValue();

    listener.onLoginSuccess();

    verify(service).getresult(true);

also dont forget to add annotation above the test class as

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(Login.class)

As the official docs of redux suggest, better to export the unconnected component as well.

In order to be able to test the App component itself without having to deal with the decorator, we recommend you to also export the undecorated component:

import { connect } from 'react-redux'

// Use named export for unconnected component (for tests)
export class App extends Component { /* ... */ }
 
// Use default export for the connected component (for app)
export default connect(mapStateToProps)(App)

Since the default export is still the decorated component, the import statement pictured above will work as before so you won't have to change your application code. However, you can now import the undecorated App components in your test file like this:

// Note the curly braces: grab the named export instead of default export
import { App } from './App'

And if you need both:

import ConnectedApp, { App } from './App'

In the app itself, you would still import it normally:

import App from './App'

You would only use the named export for tests.

In case you use Spring Test try org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils

 ReflectionTestUtils.setField(testObject, "person", mockedPerson);

add this line in your build.gradle

 defaultConfig {
    ............
    aaptOptions.cruncherEnabled = false
    aaptOptions.useNewCruncher = false
    compileOptions.encoding = 'ISO-8859-1'
    multiDexEnabled true
}

Yes, Daniel is correct, but to expand upon his answer, your primary app component would need to have a navbar component within it. That way, when you render the primary app (any page under the '/' path), it would also display the navbar. I am guessing that you wouldn't want your login page to display the navbar, so that shouldn't be a nested component, and should instead be by itself. So your routes would end up looking something like this:

<Router>
  <Route path="/" component={App}>
    <Route path="page1" component={Page1} />
    <Route path="page2" component={Page2} />
  </Route>
  <Route path="/login" component={Login} />
</Router>

And the other components would look something like this:

var NavBar = React.createClass({
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <ul>
          <a onClick={() => history.push('page1') }>Page 1</a>
          <a onClick={() => history.push('page2') }>Page 2</a>
        </ul>
      </div>
    )
  }
});

var App = React.createClass({
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <NavBar />
        <div>Other Content</div>
        {this.props.children}
      </div>
    )
  }
});

I was getting the same error today:

Error:Execution failed for task ':app:preDebugAndroidTestBuild'.> Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:support-annotations' in project ':app'. Resolved versions for app (26.1.0) and test app (27.1.1) differ.

What I did:

• I simply updated all my dependencies to 27.1.1 instead of 26.1.0
• Also, updated my compileSdkVersion 27 and targetSdkVersion 27 which were 26 earlier

And com.android.support:support-annotations error was gone!

For Ref:

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:27.1.1'
    implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.1.0'
    implementation 'com.android.support:design:27.1.1'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'
}

As this is the closest I found to the issue I had, it's the first result that comes up and I didn't find an appropriate answer, I'll post the solution here for any future poor souls:

any() doesn't work where mocked class method uses a primitive parameter.

 public Boolean getResult(String identifier, boolean switch)

The above will produce the same exact issue as OP.

Solution, just wrap it:

 public Boolean getResult(String identifier, Boolean switch)

The latter solves the NPE.

Just a reminder to whom google this error and come here.

Let's say I get this error:

$ python3 example.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "example.py", line 7, in <module>
    import aalib
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'aalib'

Since it mentions aalib, I was thought to try aalib:

$ python3.8 -m pip install aalib
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement aalib (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for aalib

But it actually wrong package name, ensure pip search(service disabled at the time of writing), or google, or search on pypi site to get the accurate package name:

Then install successfully:

$ python3.8 -m pip install python-aalib
Collecting python-aalib
  Downloading python-aalib-0.3.2.tar.gz (14 kB)
...

As pip --help stated:

$ python3.8 -m pip --help
...
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.

To have a systematic way to figure out the root causes instead of rely on luck, you can append -vvv option of pip command to see details, e.g.:

$ python3.8 -u -m pip install aalib -vvv
User install by explicit request
Created temporary directory: /tmp/pip-ephem-wheel-cache-b3ghm9eb
Created temporary directory: /tmp/pip-req-tracker-ygwnj94r
Initialized build tracking at /tmp/pip-req-tracker-ygwnj94r
Created build tracker: /tmp/pip-req-tracker-ygwnj94r
Entered build tracker: /tmp/pip-req-tracker-ygwnj94r
Created temporary directory: /tmp/pip-install-jfurrdbb
1 location(s) to search for versions of aalib:
* https://pypi.org/simple/aalib/
Fetching project page and analyzing links: https://pypi.org/simple/aalib/
Getting page https://pypi.org/simple/aalib/
Found index url https://pypi.org/simple
Getting credentials from keyring for https://pypi.org/simple
Getting credentials from keyring for pypi.org
Looking up "https://pypi.org/simple/aalib/" in the cache
Request header has "max_age" as 0, cache bypassed
Starting new HTTPS connection (1): pypi.org:443
https://pypi.org:443 "GET /simple/aalib/ HTTP/1.1" 404 13
[hole] Status code 404 not in (200, 203, 300, 301)
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/aalib/: 404 Client Error: Not Found for url: https://pypi.org/simple/aalib/ - skipping
Given no hashes to check 0 links for project 'aalib': discarding no candidates
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement aalib (from versions: none)
Cleaning up...
Removed build tracker: '/tmp/pip-req-tracker-ygwnj94r'
ERROR: No matching distribution found for aalib
Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 186, in _main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 357, in run
    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 177, in resolve
    discovered_reqs.extend(self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req))
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 333, in _resolve_one
    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/legacy_resolve.py", line 281, in _get_abstract_dist_for
    req.populate_link(self.finder, upgrade_allowed, require_hashes)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py", line 249, in populate_link
    self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py", line 926, in find_requirement
    raise DistributionNotFound(
pip._internal.exceptions.DistributionNotFound: No matching distribution found for aalib

From above log, there is pretty obvious the URL https://pypi.org/simple/aalib/ 404 not found. Then you can guess the possible reasons which cause that 404, i.e. wrong package name. Another thing is I can modify relevant python files of pip modules to further debug with above log. To edit .whl file, you can use wheel command to unpack and pack.

You are trying to install a package on the system-wide path without having the permission to do so.

1. In general, you can use sudo to temporarily obtain superuser permissions at your responsibility in order to install the package on the system-wide path:

    sudo pip install -r requirements.txt
   

   Find more about sudo here.

   Actually, this is a bad idea and there's no good use case for it, see @wim's comment.

2. If you don't want to make system-wide changes, you can install the package on your per-user path using the --user flag.

   All it takes is:

    pip install --user runloop requirements.txt
   

3. Finally, for even finer grained control, you can also use a virtualenv, which might be the superior solution for a development environment, especially if you are working on multiple projects and want to keep track of each one's dependencies.

   After activating your virtualenv with

   $ my-virtualenv/bin/activate

   the following command will install the package inside the virtualenv (and not on the system-wide path):

   pip install -r requirements.txt

Standard PHP objects

The best way to provide PHP variables to JavaScript is json_encode. When using Blade you can do it like following:

<script>
    var bool = {!! json_encode($bool) !!};
    var int = {!! json_encode($int) !!};
    /* ... */
    var array = {!! json_encode($array_without_keys) !!};
    var object = {!! json_encode($array_with_keys) !!};
    var object = {!! json_encode($stdClass) !!};
</script>

• Displaying unescaped data - Laravel docs
• json_encode - PHP docs

There is also a Blade directive for decoding to JSON. I'm not sure since which version of Laravel but in 5.5 it is available. Use it like following:

<script>
    var array = @json($array);
</script>

• Blade Templates - Laravel 5.5 docs

Jsonable's

When using Laravel objects e.g. Collection or Model you should use the ->toJson() method. All those classes that implements the \Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Jsonable interface supports this method call. The call returns automatically JSON.

<script>
    var collection = {!! $collection->toJson() !!};
    var model = {!! $model->toJson() !!};
</script>

When using Model class you can define the $hidden property inside the class and those will be filtered in JSON. The $hidden property, as its name describs, hides sensitive content. So this mechanism is the best for me. Do it like following:

class User extends Model
{
    /* ... */

    protected $hidden = [
        'password', 'ip_address' /* , ... */
    ];

    /* ... */
}

And somewhere in your view

<script>
    var user = {!! $user->toJson() !!};
</script>

• Serializing to JSON - Laravel docs

Following the greenhoorn's answer, you can use "Extensions" like this:

  public static class HttpClientExtensions
    {
        public static HttpClient AddTokenToHeader(this HttpClient cl, string token)
        {
            //int timeoutSec = 90;
            //cl.Timeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, timeoutSec);
            string contentType = "application/json";
            cl.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue(contentType));
            cl.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization", String.Format("Bearer {0}", token));
            var userAgent = "d-fens HttpClient";
            cl.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("User-Agent", userAgent);
            return cl;
        }
    }

And use:

string _tokenUpdated = "TOKEN";
HttpClient _client;
_client.AddTokenToHeader(_tokenUpdated).GetAsync("/api/values")

I solved the same problem in a React Native project. I solved it using this.

let data = snapshot.val();
if(data){
  let items = Object.values(data);
}
else{
  //return null
}

If this webserver is only for testing and demoing purposes. You can use ngrok, a open source too that tunnels your http traffic.

Bascially ngrok creates a public URL (both http and https) and then tunnels the traffic to whatever port your Flask process is running on.

https://ngrok.com/product

It only takes a couple minutes to set up. You first have to download the software. Then run the command
./ngrok http [port number your python process is running on]

It will then open up a window in terminal giving you both an http and https url to access your web app.

The T doesn't really stand for anything. It is just the separator that the ISO 8601 combined date-time format requires. You can read it as an abbreviation for Time.

The Z stands for the Zero timezone, as it is offset by 0 from the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Both characters are just static letters in the format, which is why they are not documented by the datetime.strftime() method. You could have used Q or M or Monty Python and the method would have returned them unchanged as well; the method only looks for patterns starting with % to replace those with information from the datetime object.

Spring MVC offers a standaloneSetup that supports testing relatively simple controllers, without the need of context.

Build a MockMvc by registering one or more @Controller's instances and configuring Spring MVC infrastructure programmatically. This allows full control over the instantiation and initialization of controllers, and their dependencies, similar to plain unit tests while also making it possible to test one controller at a time.

An example test for your controller can be something as simple as

public class DemoApplicationTests {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = standaloneSetup(new HelloWorld()).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testSayHelloWorld() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc.perform(get("/")
           .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
           .andExpect(status().isOk())
           .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json"));

    }
}

It depends on the kind of test double you want to interact with:

• If you don't use doNothing and you mock an object, the real method is not called
• If you don't use doNothing and you spy an object, the real method is called

In other words, with mocking the only useful interactions with a collaborator are the ones that you provide. By default functions will return null, void methods do nothing.

Your mock is raising the exception just fine, but the error.resp.status value is missing. Rather than use return_value, just tell Mock that status is an attribute:

barMock.side_effect = HttpError(mock.Mock(status=404), 'not found')

Additional keyword arguments to Mock() are set as attributes on the resulting object.

I put your foo and bar definitions in a my_tests module, added in the HttpError class so I could use it too, and your test then can be ran to success:

>>> from my_tests import foo, HttpError
>>> import mock
>>> with mock.patch('my_tests.bar') as barMock:
...     barMock.side_effect = HttpError(mock.Mock(status=404), 'not found')
...     result = my_test.foo()
... 
404 - 
>>> result is None
True

You can even see the print '404 - %s' % error.message line run, but I think you wanted to use error.content there instead; that's the attribute HttpError() sets from the second argument, at any rate.

The necessary method is Mockito#verify:

public static <T> T verify(T mock,
                           VerificationMode mode)

mock is your mocked object and mode is the VerificationMode that describes how the mock should be verified. Possible modes are:

verify(mock, times(5)).someMethod("was called five times");
verify(mock, never()).someMethod("was never called");
verify(mock, atLeastOnce()).someMethod("was called at least once");
verify(mock, atLeast(2)).someMethod("was called at least twice");
verify(mock, atMost(3)).someMethod("was called at most 3 times");
verify(mock, atLeast(0)).someMethod("was called any number of times"); // useful with captors
verify(mock, only()).someMethod("no other method has been called on the mock");

You'll need these static imports from the Mockito class in order to use the verify method and these verification modes:

import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeast;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.atMost;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.only;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;

So in your case the correct syntax will be:

Mockito.verify(mock, times(4)).send()

This verifies that the method send was called 4 times on the mocked object. It will fail if it was called less or more than 4 times.

If you just want to check, if the method has been called once, then you don't need to pass a VerificationMode. A simple

verify(mock).someMethod("was called once");

would be enough. It internally uses verify(mock, times(1)).someMethod("was called once");.

It is possible to have multiple verification calls on the same mock to achieve a "between" verification. Mockito doesn't support something like this verify(mock, between(4,6)).someMethod("was called between 4 and 6 times");, but we can write

verify(mock, atLeast(4)).someMethod("was called at least four times ...");
verify(mock, atMost(6)).someMethod("... and not more than six times");

instead, to get the same behaviour. The bounds are included, so the test case is green when the method was called 4, 5 or 6 times.

You can also not specify the type parameter which seems a bit cleaner and what Spring intended when looking at the docs:

@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.HEAD, value = Constants.KEY )
public ResponseEntity taxonomyPackageExists( @PathVariable final String key ){
    // ...
    return new ResponseEntity(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT);
}

You're nesting mocking inside of mocking. You're calling getSomeList(), which does some mocking, before you've finished the mocking for MyMainModel. Mockito doesn't like it when you do this.

Replace

@Test
public myTest(){
    MyMainModel mainModel =  Mockito.mock(MyMainModel.class);
    Mockito.when(mainModel.getList()).thenReturn(getSomeList()); --> Line 355
}

with

@Test
public myTest(){
    MyMainModel mainModel =  Mockito.mock(MyMainModel.class);
    List<SomeModel> someModelList = getSomeList();
    Mockito.when(mainModel.getList()).thenReturn(someModelList);
}

To understand why this causes a problem, you need to know a little about how Mockito works, and also be aware in what order expressions and statements are evaluated in Java.

Mockito can't read your source code, so in order to figure out what you are asking it to do, it relies a lot on static state. When you call a method on a mock object, Mockito records the details of the call in an internal list of invocations. The when method reads the last of these invocations off the list and records this invocation in the OngoingStubbing object it returns.

The line

Mockito.when(mainModel.getList()).thenReturn(someModelList);

causes the following interactions with Mockito:

• Mock method mainModel.getList() is called,
• Static method when is called,
• Method thenReturn is called on the OngoingStubbing object returned by the when method.

The thenReturn method can then instruct the mock it received via the OngoingStubbing method to handle any suitable call to the getList method to return someModelList.

In fact, as Mockito can't see your code, you can also write your mocking as follows:

mainModel.getList();
Mockito.when((List<SomeModel>)null).thenReturn(someModelList);

This style is somewhat less clear to read, especially since in this case the null has to be casted, but it generates the same sequence of interactions with Mockito and will achieve the same result as the line above.

However, the line

Mockito.when(mainModel.getList()).thenReturn(getSomeList());

causes the following interactions with Mockito:

1. Mock method mainModel.getList() is called,
2. Static method when is called,
3. A new mock of SomeModel is created (inside getSomeList()),
4. Mock method model.getName() is called,

At this point Mockito gets confused. It thought you were mocking mainModel.getList(), but now you're telling it you want to mock the model.getName() method. To Mockito, it looks like you're doing the following:

when(mainModel.getList());
// ...
when(model.getName()).thenReturn(...);

This looks silly to Mockito as it can't be sure what you're doing with mainModel.getList().

Note that we did not get to the thenReturn method call, as the JVM needs to evaluate the parameters to this method before it can call the method. In this case, this means calling the getSomeList() method.

Generally it is a bad design decision to rely on static state, as Mockito does, because it can lead to cases where the Principle of Least Astonishment is violated. However, Mockito's design does make for clear and expressive mocking, even if it leads to astonishment sometimes.

Finally, recent versions of Mockito add an extra line to the error message above. This extra line indicates you may be in the same situation as this question:

3: you are stubbing the behaviour of another mock inside before 'thenReturn' instruction if completed

You can assign an iterable to side_effect, and the mock will return the next value in the sequence each time it is called:

>>> from unittest.mock import Mock
>>> m = Mock()
>>> m.side_effect = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
>>> m()
'foo'
>>> m()
'bar'
>>> m()
'baz'

Quoting the Mock() documentation:

If side_effect is an iterable then each call to the mock will return the next value from the iterable.

In addition to standard net/http package, you can consider using my GoRequest which wraps around net/http and make your life easier without thinking too much about json or struct. But you can also mix and match both of them in one request! (you can see more details about it in gorequest github page)

So, in the end your code will become like follow:

func main() {
    url := "http://restapi3.apiary.io/notes"
    fmt.Println("URL:>", url)
    request := gorequest.New()
    titleList := []string{"title1", "title2", "title3"}
    for _, title := range titleList {
        resp, body, errs := request.Post(url).
            Set("X-Custom-Header", "myvalue").
            Send(`{"title":"` + title + `"}`).
            End()
        if errs != nil {
            fmt.Println(errs)
            os.Exit(1)
        }
        fmt.Println("response Status:", resp.Status)
        fmt.Println("response Headers:", resp.Header)
        fmt.Println("response Body:", body)
    }
}

This depends on how you want to achieve. I made this library because I have the same problem with you and I want code that is shorter, easy to use with json, and more maintainable in my codebase and production system.

All proposed solutions didn't work for me but the closest one was from @Rishii.

I'm using AngularJS 1.4.4 and UI Bootstrap 0.13.3.

.directive('jsr310Compatible', ['dateFilter', 'dateParser', function(dateFilter, dateParser) {
  return {
    restrict: 'EAC',
    require: 'ngModel',
    priority: 1,
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
      var dateFormat = 'yyyy-MM-dd';

      ngModel.$parsers.push(function(viewValue) {
        return dateFilter(viewValue, dateFormat);
      });

      ngModel.$validators.date = function (modelValue, viewValue) {
        var value = modelValue || viewValue;

        if (!attrs.ngRequired && !value) {
          return true;
        }

        if (angular.isNumber(value)) {
          value = new Date(value);
        }

        if (!value) {
          return true;
        }
        else if (angular.isDate(value) && !isNaN(value)) {
          return true;
        }
        else if (angular.isString(value)) {
          var date = dateParser.parse(value, dateFormat);
          return !isNaN(date);
        }
        else {
          return false;
        }
      };
    }
  };
}])

I would re-write the original target test, taking care the needed variable is defined IN THE SAME SUB-PROCESS as the application to launch:

test:
    ( NODE_ENV=test mocha --harmony --reporter spec test )

The code snippet:

spyOn(myOtherService, "makeRemoteCallReturningPromise").and.callFake(function() {
    var deferred = $q.defer();
    deferred.resolve('Remote call result');
    return deferred.promise;
});

Can be written in a more concise form:

spyOn(myOtherService, "makeRemoteCallReturningPromise").and.returnValue(function() {
    return $q.resolve('Remote call result');
});

By default Mocha will read a file named test/mocha.opts that can contain command line arguments. So you could create such a file that contains:

--timeout 5000

Whenever you run Mocha at the command line, it will read this file and set a timeout of 5 seconds by default.

Another way which may be better depending on your situation is to set it like this in a top level describe call in your test file:

describe("something", function () {
    this.timeout(5000); 

    // tests...
});

This would allow you to set a timeout only on a per-file basis.

You could use both methods if you want a global default of 5000 but set something different for some files.

Note that you cannot generally use an arrow function if you are going to call this.timeout (or access any other member of this that Mocha sets for you). For instance, this will usually not work:

describe("something", () => {
    this.timeout(5000); //will not work

    // tests...
});

This is because an arrow function takes this from the scope the function appears in. Mocha will call the function with a good value for this but that value is not passed inside the arrow function. The documentation for Mocha says on this topic:

Passing arrow functions (“lambdas”) to Mocha is discouraged. Due to the lexical binding of this, such functions are unable to access the Mocha context.

With Spring Boot + Spring Data it has become quite easy:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class MyRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    MyRepository subject;

    @Test
    public void myTest() throws Exception {
        subject.save(new MyEntity());
    }
}

The solution by @heez brings up the full context, this only bring up what is needed for JPA+Transaction to work. Note that the solution above will bring up a in memory test database given that one can be found on the classpath.

It was now the third time I googled myself to this SO post as I always forget how to mock an @Value field. Though the accepted answer is correct, I always need some time to get the "setField" call right, so at least for myself I paste an example snippet here:

Production class:

@Value("#{myProps[‘some.default.url']}")
private String defaultUrl;

Test class:

import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;

ReflectionTestUtils.setField(instanceUnderTest, "defaultUrl", "http://foo");
// Note: Don't use MyClassUnderTest.class, use the instance you are testing itself
// Note: Don't use the referenced string "#{myProps[‘some.default.url']}", 
//       but simply the FIELDs name ("defaultUrl")

Mockito matchers are static methods and calls to those methods, which stand in for arguments during calls to when and verify.

Hamcrest matchers (archived version) (or Hamcrest-style matchers) are stateless, general-purpose object instances that implement Matcher<T> and expose a method matches(T) that returns true if the object matches the Matcher's criteria. They are intended to be free of side effects, and are generally used in assertions such as the one below.

/* Mockito */  verify(foo).setPowerLevel(gt(9000));
/* Hamcrest */ assertThat(foo.getPowerLevel(), is(greaterThan(9000)));

Mockito matchers exist, separate from Hamcrest-style matchers, so that descriptions of matching expressions fit directly into method invocations: Mockito matchers return T where Hamcrest matcher methods return Matcher objects (of type Matcher<T>).

Mockito matchers are invoked through static methods such as eq, any, gt, and startsWith on org.mockito.Matchers and org.mockito.AdditionalMatchers. There are also adapters, which have changed across Mockito versions:

• For Mockito 1.x, Matchers featured some calls (such as intThat or argThat) are Mockito matchers that directly accept Hamcrest matchers as parameters. ArgumentMatcher<T> extended org.hamcrest.Matcher<T>, which was used in the internal Hamcrest representation and was a Hamcrest matcher base class instead of any sort of Mockito matcher.
• For Mockito 2.0+, Mockito no longer has a direct dependency on Hamcrest. Matchers calls phrased as intThat or argThat wrap ArgumentMatcher<T> objects that no longer implement org.hamcrest.Matcher<T> but are used in similar ways. Hamcrest adapters such as argThat and intThat are still available, but have moved to MockitoHamcrest instead.

Regardless of whether the matchers are Hamcrest or simply Hamcrest-style, they can be adapted like so:

/* Mockito matcher intThat adapting Hamcrest-style matcher is(greaterThan(...)) */
verify(foo).setPowerLevel(intThat(is(greaterThan(9000))));

In the above statement: foo.setPowerLevel is a method that accepts an int. is(greaterThan(9000)) returns a Matcher<Integer>, which wouldn't work as a setPowerLevel argument. The Mockito matcher intThat wraps that Hamcrest-style Matcher and returns an int so it can appear as an argument; Mockito matchers like gt(9000) would wrap that entire expression into a single call, as in the first line of example code.

What matchers do/return

when(foo.quux(3, 5)).thenReturn(true);

When not using argument matchers, Mockito records your argument values and compares them with their equals methods.

when(foo.quux(eq(3), eq(5))).thenReturn(true);    // same as above
when(foo.quux(anyInt(), gt(5))).thenReturn(true); // this one's different

When you call a matcher like any or gt (greater than), Mockito stores a matcher object that causes Mockito to skip that equality check and apply your match of choice. In the case of argumentCaptor.capture() it stores a matcher that saves its argument instead for later inspection.

Matchers return dummy values such as zero, empty collections, or null. Mockito tries to return a safe, appropriate dummy value, like 0 for anyInt() or any(Integer.class) or an empty List<String> for anyListOf(String.class). Because of type erasure, though, Mockito lacks type information to return any value but null for any() or argThat(...), which can cause a NullPointerException if trying to "auto-unbox" a null primitive value.

Matchers like eq and gt take parameter values; ideally, these values should be computed before the stubbing/verification starts. Calling a mock in the middle of mocking another call can interfere with stubbing.

Matcher methods can't be used as return values; there is no way to phrase thenReturn(anyInt()) or thenReturn(any(Foo.class)) in Mockito, for instance. Mockito needs to know exactly which instance to return in stubbing calls, and will not choose an arbitrary return value for you.

Implementation details

Matchers are stored (as Hamcrest-style object matchers) in a stack contained in a class called ArgumentMatcherStorage. MockitoCore and Matchers each own a ThreadSafeMockingProgress instance, which statically contains a ThreadLocal holding MockingProgress instances. It's this MockingProgressImpl that holds a concrete ArgumentMatcherStorageImpl. Consequently, mock and matcher state is static but thread-scoped consistently between the Mockito and Matchers classes.

Most matcher calls only add to this stack, with an exception for matchers like and, or, and not. This perfectly corresponds to (and relies on) the evaluation order of Java, which evaluates arguments left-to-right before invoking a method:

when(foo.quux(anyInt(), and(gt(10), lt(20)))).thenReturn(true);
[6]      [5]  [1]       [4] [2]     [3]

This will:

1. Add anyInt() to the stack.
2. Add gt(10) to the stack.
3. Add lt(20) to the stack.
4. Remove gt(10) and lt(20) and add and(gt(10), lt(20)).
5. Call foo.quux(0, 0), which (unless otherwise stubbed) returns the default value false. Internally Mockito marks quux(int, int) as the most recent call.
6. Call when(false), which discards its argument and prepares to stub method quux(int, int) identified in 5. The only two valid states are with stack length 0 (equality) or 2 (matchers), and there are two matchers on the stack (steps 1 and 4), so Mockito stubs the method with an any() matcher for its first argument and and(gt(10), lt(20)) for its second argument and clears the stack.

This demonstrates a few rules:

• Mockito can't tell the difference between quux(anyInt(), 0) and quux(0, anyInt()). They both look like a call to quux(0, 0) with one int matcher on the stack. Consequently, if you use one matcher, you have to match all arguments.

• Call order isn't just important, it's what makes this all work. Extracting matchers to variables generally doesn't work, because it usually changes the call order. Extracting matchers to methods, however, works great.

  int between10And20 = and(gt(10), lt(20));
  /* BAD */ when(foo.quux(anyInt(), between10And20)).thenReturn(true);
  // Mockito sees the stack as the opposite: and(gt(10), lt(20)), anyInt().
  
  public static int anyIntBetween10And20() { return and(gt(10), lt(20)); }
  /* OK */  when(foo.quux(anyInt(), anyIntBetween10And20())).thenReturn(true);
  // The helper method calls the matcher methods in the right order.
  

• The stack changes often enough that Mockito can't police it very carefully. It can only check the stack when you interact with Mockito or a mock, and has to accept matchers without knowing whether they're used immediately or abandoned accidentally. In theory, the stack should always be empty outside of a call to when or verify, but Mockito can't check that automatically. You can check manually with Mockito.validateMockitoUsage().

• In a call to when, Mockito actually calls the method in question, which will throw an exception if you've stubbed the method to throw an exception (or require non-zero or non-null values). doReturn and doAnswer (etc) do not invoke the actual method and are often a useful alternative.

• If you had called a mock method in the middle of stubbing (e.g. to calculate an answer for an eq matcher), Mockito would check the stack length against that call instead, and likely fail.

• If you try to do something bad, like stubbing/verifying a final method, Mockito will call the real method and also leave extra matchers on the stack. The final method call may not throw an exception, but you may get an InvalidUseOfMatchersException from the stray matchers when you next interact with a mock.

Common problems

• InvalidUseOfMatchersException:

  • Check that every single argument has exactly one matcher call, if you use matchers at all, and that you haven't used a matcher outside of a when or verify call. Matchers should never be used as stubbed return values or fields/variables.

  • Check that you're not calling a mock as a part of providing a matcher argument.

  • Check that you're not trying to stub/verify a final method with a matcher. It's a great way to leave a matcher on the stack, and unless your final method throws an exception, this might be the only time you realize the method you're mocking is final.

• NullPointerException with primitive arguments: (Integer) any() returns null while any(Integer.class) returns 0; this can cause a NullPointerException if you're expecting an int instead of an Integer. In any case, prefer anyInt(), which will return zero and also skip the auto-boxing step.

• NullPointerException or other exceptions: Calls to when(foo.bar(any())).thenReturn(baz) will actually call foo.bar(null), which you might have stubbed to throw an exception when receiving a null argument. Switching to doReturn(baz).when(foo).bar(any()) skips the stubbed behavior.

General troubleshooting

• Use MockitoJUnitRunner, or explicitly call validateMockitoUsage in your tearDown or @After method (which the runner would do for you automatically). This will help determine whether you've misused matchers.

• For debugging purposes, add calls to validateMockitoUsage in your code directly. This will throw if you have anything on the stack, which is a good warning of a bad symptom.

There is Effort which is an in memory entity framework database provider. I've not actually tried it... Haa just spotted this was mentioned in the question!

Alternatively you could switch to EntityFrameworkCore which has an in memory database provider built-in.

https://blog.goyello.com/2016/07/14/save-time-mocking-use-your-real-entity-framework-dbcontext-in-unit-tests/

https://github.com/tamasflamich/effort

I used a factory to get a context, so i can create the context close to its use. This seems to work locally in visual studio but not on my TeamCity build server, not sure why yet.

return new MyContext(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFProviders.InMemory;Trusted_Connection=True;");

InOrder helps you to do that.

ServiceClassA firstMock = mock(ServiceClassA.class);
ServiceClassB secondMock = mock(ServiceClassB.class);

Mockito.doNothing().when(firstMock).methodOne();   
Mockito.doNothing().when(secondMock).methodTwo();  

//create inOrder object passing any mocks that need to be verified in order
InOrder inOrder = inOrder(firstMock, secondMock);

//following will make sure that firstMock was called before secondMock
inOrder.verify(firstMock).methodOne();
inOrder.verify(secondMock).methodTwo();

Code:

private static void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
{
    Mock<IProductRepository> mock=new Mock<IProductRepository>();
    mock.Setup(x => x.Products).Returns(new List<Product>
    {
        new Product {Name = "Football", Price = 23},
        new Product {Name = "Surf board", Price = 179},
        new Product {Name = "Running shose", Price = 95}
    });

    kernel.Bind<IProductRepository>().ToConstant(mock.Object);
}        

but see exception.

And if you are already using ES6/ES2015 then you can also use an arrow function. It is basically the same as using a normal anonymous function but shorter.

expect(() => model.get('z')).to.throw('Property does not exist in model schema.');

Similar Issue

I have an interface that looked roughly like:

Task DoSomething(int arg);

Symptoms

My unit test failed when my service under test awaited the call to DoSomething.

Fix

Unlike the accepted answer, you are unable to call .ReturnsAsync() on your Setup() of this method in this scenario, because the method returns the non-generic Task, rather than Task<T>.

However, you are still able to use .Returns(Task.FromResult(default(object))) on the setup, allowing the test to pass.

You should group by the field you want the SUM apply to, and not include in SELECT any field other than multiple rows values, like COUNT, SUM, AVE, etc, because if you include Bill field like in this case, only the first value in the set of rows will be displayed, being almost meaningless and confusing.

This will return the sum of bills per account number:

SELECT SUM(Bill) FROM Table1 GROUP BY AccountNumber

You could add more clauses like WHERE, ORDER BY etc as needed.

You can do it with a little bit of refactoring:

public class MySQLDatabaseConnectionFactory implements DatabaseConnectionFactory {

    @Override public Connection getConnection() {
        try {
            return _getConnection(...some params...);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    //method to forward parameters, enabling mocking, extension, etc
    Connection _getConnection(...some params...) throws SQLException {
        return DriverManager.getConnection(...some params...);
    }
}

Then you can extend your class MySQLDatabaseConnectionFactory to return a mocked connection, do assertions on the parameters, etc.

The extended class can reside within the test case, if it's located in the same package (which I encourage you to do)

public class MockedConnectionFactory extends MySQLDatabaseConnectionFactory {

    Connection _getConnection(...some params...) throws SQLException {
        if (some param != something) throw new InvalidParameterException();

        //consider mocking some methods with when(yourMock.something()).thenReturn(value)
        return Mockito.mock(Connection.class);
    }
}

Adding dependencies didn't fix the issue at my end.

The issue was happening at my end because of "additional" fields that are part of the "@Entity" class and don't exist in the database.

I removed the additional fields from the @Entity class and it worked.

Your class MyClass creates a new MyClassToBeTested, instead of using your mock. My article on the Mockito wiki describes two ways of dealing with this.

the following works for me,

  mockMvc.perform(
            MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/api/test/url")
                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                    .content(asJsonString(createItemForm)))
            .andExpect(status().isCreated());

  public static String asJsonString(final Object obj) {
    try {
        return new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(obj);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
}

Here is a crude way to do it: Transform JSON into bash variables to eval them.

This only works for:

• JSON which does not contain nested arrays, and
• JSON from trustworthy sources (else it may confuse your shell script, perhaps it may even be able to harm your system, You have been warned)

Well, yes, it uses PERL to do this job, thanks to CPAN, but is small enough for inclusion directly into a script and hence is quick and easy to debug:

json2bash() {
perl -MJSON -0777 -n -E 'sub J {
my ($p,$v) = @_; my $r = ref $v;
if ($r eq "HASH") { J("${p}_$_", $v->{$_}) for keys %$v; }
elsif ($r eq "ARRAY") { $n = 0; J("$p"."[".$n++."]", $_) foreach @$v; }
else { $v =~ '"s/'/'\\\\''/g"'; $p =~ s/^([^[]*)\[([0-9]*)\](.+)$/$1$3\[$2\]/;
$p =~ tr/-/_/; $p =~ tr/A-Za-z0-9_[]//cd; say "$p='\''$v'\'';"; }
}; J("json", decode_json($_));'
}

use it like eval "$(json2bash <<<'{"a":["b","c"]}')"

Not heavily tested, though. Updates, warnings and more examples see my GIST.

Update

(Unfortunately, following is a link-only-solution, as the C code is far too long to duplicate here.)

For all those, who do not like the above solution, there now is a C program json2sh which (hopefully safely) converts JSON into shell variables. In contrast to the perl snippet, it is able to process any JSON, as long as it is well formed.

Caveats:

• json2sh was not tested much.
• json2sh may create variables, which start with the shellshock pattern () {

I wrote json2sh to be able to post-process .bson with Shell:

bson2json()
{
printf '[';
{ bsondump "$1"; echo "\"END$?\""; } | sed '/^{/s/$/,/';
echo ']';
};

bsons2json()
{
printf '{';
c='';
for a;
do
  printf '%s"%q":' "$c" "$a";
  c=',';
  bson2json "$a";
done;
echo '}';
};

bsons2json */*.bson | json2sh | ..

Explained:

• bson2json dumps a .bson file such, that the records become a JSON array
  • If everything works OK, an END0-Marker is applied, else you will see something like END1.
  • The END-Marker is needed, else empty .bson files would not show up.
• bsons2json dumps a bunch of .bson files as an object, where the output of bson2json is indexed by the filename.

This then is postprocessed by json2sh, such that you can use grep/source/eval/etc. what you need, to bring the values into the shell.

This way you can quickly process the contents of a MongoDB dump on shell level, without need to import it into MongoDB first.

I think it's better to create an interface for that class. And create a unit test using interface.

If it you don't have access to that class, you can create an adapter for that class.

For example:

public class RealClass
{
    int DoSomething(string input)
    {
        // real implementation here
    }
}

public interface IRealClassAdapter
{
    int DoSomething(string input);
}

public class RealClassAdapter : IRealClassAdapter
{
    readonly RealClass _realClass;

    public RealClassAdapter() => _realClass = new RealClass();

    int DoSomething(string input) => _realClass.DoSomething(input);
}

This way, you can easily create mock for your class using IRealClassAdapter.

Hope it works.

The Mockito javadoc seems to tell why use doReturn() instead of when() Use doReturn() in those rare occasions when you cannot use Mockito.when(Object).

Beware that Mockito.when(Object) is always recommended for stubbing because it is argument type-safe and more readable (especially when stubbing consecutive calls).

Here are those rare occasions when doReturn() comes handy:

1. When spying real objects and calling real methods on a spy brings side effects

List list = new LinkedList(); List spy = spy(list);

//Impossible: real method is called so spy.get(0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException (the list is yet empty)

when(spy.get(0)).thenReturn("foo");

//You have to use doReturn() for stubbing: doReturn("foo").when(spy).get(0);

2. Overriding a previous exception-stubbing:

when(mock.foo()).thenThrow(new RuntimeException());

//Impossible: the exception-stubbed foo() method is called so RuntimeException is thrown. when(mock.foo()).thenReturn("bar");

//You have to use doReturn() for stubbing:

doReturn("bar").when(mock).foo(); Above scenarios shows a tradeoff of Mockito's elegant syntax. Note that the scenarios are very rare, though. Spying should be sporadic and overriding exception-stubbing is very rare. Not to mention that in general overridding stubbing is a potential code smell that points out too much stubbing.

What you should know about this

this (aka "the context") is a special keyword inside each function and its value only depends on how the function was called, not how/when/where it was defined. It is not affected by lexical scopes like other variables (except for arrow functions, see below). Here are some examples:

function foo() {
    console.log(this);
}

// normal function call
foo(); // `this` will refer to `window`

// as object method
var obj = {bar: foo};
obj.bar(); // `this` will refer to `obj`

// as constructor function
new foo(); // `this` will refer to an object that inherits from `foo.prototype`

To learn more about this, have a look at the MDN documentation.

How to refer to the correct this

Use arrow functions

ECMAScript 6 introduced arrow functions, which can be thought of as lambda functions. They don't have their own this binding. Instead, this is looked up in scope just like a normal variable. That means you don't have to call .bind. That's not the only special behavior they have, please refer to the MDN documentation for more information.

function MyConstructor(data, transport) {
    this.data = data;
    transport.on('data', () => alert(this.data));
}

Don't use this

You actually don't want to access this in particular, but the object it refers to. That's why an easy solution is to simply create a new variable that also refers to that object. The variable can have any name, but common ones are self and that.

function MyConstructor(data, transport) {
    this.data = data;
    var self = this;
    transport.on('data', function() {
        alert(self.data);
    });
}

Since self is a normal variable, it obeys lexical scope rules and is accessible inside the callback. This also has the advantage that you can access the this value of the callback itself.

Explicitly set this of the callback - part 1

It might look like you have no control over the value of this because its value is set automatically, but that is actually not the case.

Every function has the method .bind ^[docs], which returns a new function with this bound to a value. The function has exactly the same behavior as the one you called .bind on, only that this was set by you. No matter how or when that function is called, this will always refer to the passed value.

function MyConstructor(data, transport) {
    this.data = data;
    var boundFunction = (function() { // parenthesis are not necessary
        alert(this.data);             // but might improve readability
    }).bind(this); // <- here we are calling `.bind()` 
    transport.on('data', boundFunction);
}

In this case, we are binding the callback's this to the value of MyConstructor's this.

Note: When a binding context for jQuery, use jQuery.proxy ^[docs] instead. The reason to do this is so that you don't need to store the reference to the function when unbinding an event callback. jQuery handles that internally.

Set this of the callback - part 2

Some functions/methods which accept callbacks also accept a value to which the callback's this should refer to. This is basically the same as binding it yourself, but the function/method does it for you. Array#map ^[docs] is such a method. Its signature is:

array.map(callback[, thisArg])

The first argument is the callback and the second argument is the value this should refer to. Here is a contrived example:

var arr = [1, 2, 3];
var obj = {multiplier: 42};

var new_arr = arr.map(function(v) {
    return v * this.multiplier;
}, obj); // <- here we are passing `obj` as second argument

Note: Whether or not you can pass a value for this is usually mentioned in the documentation of that function/method. For example, jQuery's $.ajax method ^[docs] describes an option called context:

This object will be made the context of all Ajax-related callbacks.

Common problem: Using object methods as callbacks/event handlers

Another common manifestation of this problem is when an object method is used as callback/event handler. Functions are first-class citizens in JavaScript and the term "method" is just a colloquial term for a function that is a value of an object property. But that function doesn't have a specific link to its "containing" object.

Consider the following example:

function Foo() {
    this.data = 42,
    document.body.onclick = this.method;
}

Foo.prototype.method = function() {
    console.log(this.data);
};

The function this.method is assigned as click event handler, but if the document.body is clicked, the value logged will be undefined, because inside the event handler, this refers to the document.body, not the instance of Foo.
As already mentioned at the beginning, what this refers to depends on how the function is called, not how it is defined.
If the code was like the following, it might be more obvious that the function doesn't have an implicit reference to the object:

function method() {
    console.log(this.data);
}


function Foo() {
    this.data = 42,
    document.body.onclick = this.method;
}

Foo.prototype.method = method;

The solution is the same as mentioned above: If available, use .bind to explicitly bind this to a specific value

document.body.onclick = this.method.bind(this);

or explicitly call the function as a "method" of the object, by using an anonymous function as callback / event handler and assign the object (this) to another variable:

var self = this;
document.body.onclick = function() {
    self.method();
};

or use an arrow function:

document.body.onclick = () => this.method();

I know this is an old question, but we were faced with the same problem when trying to inject Strings. So we invented a JUnit5/Mockito extension that does exactly what you want: https://github.com/exabrial/mockito-object-injection

EDIT:

@InjectionMap
 private Map<String, Object> injectionMap = new HashMap<>();

 @BeforeEach
 public void beforeEach() throws Exception {
  injectionMap.put("securityEnabled", Boolean.TRUE);
 }

 @AfterEach
 public void afterEach() throws Exception {
  injectionMap.clear();
 }

Try to run Maven from the command line or type "-X" in the text field - you can't break anything this way, at the worst, you'll get an error (I don't have Netbeans; in Eclipse, there is a checkbox "Debug" for this).

When running with debug output enabled, you should see the paths which the exec-maven-plugin plugin uses.

The next step would then be to copy the command into a command prompt or terminal and execute it manually to see if you get a useful error message there.

You could also do:

Regions.query({}, function(response) {
    $scope.regions = response;
    // Do stuff that depends on $scope.regions here
});

I created blog post on the topic. It contains also link to Github repository with working example.

The trick is using test configuration, where you override original spring bean with fake one. You can use @Primary and @Profile annotations for this trick.

Warning: This might inflate executable file size a little bit and cost a little runtime performance. IMO, this would be better if golang has such feature like macro or function decorator.

If you want to mock functions without changing its API, the easiest way is to change the implementation a little bit:

func getPage(url string) string {
  if GetPageMock != nil {
    return GetPageMock()
  }

  // getPage real implementation goes here!
}

func downloader() {
  if GetPageMock != nil {
    return GetPageMock()
  }

  // getPage real implementation goes here!
}

var GetPageMock func(url string) string = nil
var DownloaderMock func() = nil

This way we can actually mock one function out of the others. For more convenient we can provide such mocking boilerplate:

// download.go
func getPage(url string) string {
  if m.GetPageMock != nil {
    return m.GetPageMock()
  }

  // getPage real implementation goes here!
}

func downloader() {
  if m.GetPageMock != nil {
    return m.GetPageMock()
  }

  // getPage real implementation goes here!
}

type MockHandler struct {
  GetPage func(url string) string
  Downloader func()
}

var m *MockHandler = new(MockHandler)

func Mock(handler *MockHandler) {
  m = handler
}

In test file:

// download_test.go
func GetPageMock(url string) string {
  // ...
}

func TestDownloader(t *testing.T) {
  Mock(&MockHandler{
    GetPage: GetPageMock,
  })

  // Test implementation goes here!

  Mock(new(MockHandler)) // Reset mocked functions
}

Note the require-dev (root-only) !

which means that the require-dev section is only valid when your package is the root of the entire project. I.e. if you run composer update from your package folder.

If you develop a plugin for some main project, that has it's own composer.json, then your require-dev section will be completely ignored! If you need your developement dependencies, you have to move your require-dev to composer.json in main project.

I am using Spring Boot with Thymeleaf. This is what worked for me. There are similar answers with JSP but note that I am using HTML, not JSP, and these are in the folder src/main/resources/templates like in a standard Spring Boot project as explained here. This could also be your case.

@InjectMocks
private MyController myController;

@Before
public void setup()
{
    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

    this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(myController)
                    .setViewResolvers(viewResolver())
                    .build();
}

private ViewResolver viewResolver()
{
    InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();

    viewResolver.setPrefix("classpath:templates/");
    viewResolver.setSuffix(".html");

    return viewResolver;
}

Hope this helps.

We can mock list properly for foreach loop. Please find below code snippet and explanation.

This is my actual class method where I want to create test case by mocking list. this.nameList is a list object.

public void setOptions(){
    // ....
    for (String str : this.nameList) {
        str = "-"+str;
    }
    // ....
}

The foreach loop internally works on iterator, so here we crated mock of iterator. Mockito framework has facility to return pair of values on particular method call by using Mockito.when().thenReturn(), i.e. on hasNext() we pass 1st true and on second call false, so that our loop will continue only two times. On next() we just return actual return value.

@Test
public void testSetOptions(){
    // ...
    Iterator<SampleFilter> itr = Mockito.mock(Iterator.class);
    Mockito.when(itr.hasNext()).thenReturn(true, false);
    Mockito.when(itr.next()).thenReturn(Mockito.any(String.class);  

    List mockNameList = Mockito.mock(List.class);
    Mockito.when(mockNameList.iterator()).thenReturn(itr);
    // ...
}

In this way we can avoid sending actual list to test by using mock of list.

Thou the above answer is widely accepted and well documented, I found some of the reason to post my answer here :-

    doNothing().when(InternalUtils.class); //This is the preferred way
                                           //to mock static void methods.
    InternalUtils.sendEmail(anyString(), anyString(), anyString(), anyString());

Here, I dont understand why we are calling InternalUtils.sendEmail ourself. I will explain in my code why we don't need to do that.

mockStatic(Internalutils.class);

So, we have mocked the class which is fine. Now, lets have a look how we need to verify the sendEmail(/..../) method.

@PrepareForTest({InternalService.InternalUtils.class})
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
public class InternalServiceTest {

    @Mock
    private InternalService.Order order;

    private InternalService internalService;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        internalService = new InternalService();
    }

    @Test
    public void processOrder() throws Exception {

        Mockito.when(order.isSuccessful()).thenReturn(true);
        PowerMockito.mockStatic(InternalService.InternalUtils.class);

        internalService.processOrder(order);

        PowerMockito.verifyStatic(times(1));
        InternalService.InternalUtils.sendEmail(anyString(), any(String[].class), anyString(), anyString());
    }

}

These two lines is where the magic is, First line tells the PowerMockito framework that it needs to verify the class it statically mocked. But which method it need to verify ?? Second line tells which method it needs to verify.

PowerMockito.verifyStatic(times(1));
InternalService.InternalUtils.sendEmail(anyString(), any(String[].class), anyString(), anyString());

This is code of my class, sendEmail api twice.

public class InternalService {

    public void processOrder(Order order) {
        if (order.isSuccessful()) {
            InternalUtils.sendEmail("", new String[1], "", "");
            InternalUtils.sendEmail("", new String[1], "", "");
        }
    }

    public static class InternalUtils{

        public static void sendEmail(String from, String[]  to, String msg, String body){

        }

    }

    public class Order{

        public boolean isSuccessful(){
            return true;
        }

    }

}

As it is calling twice you just need to change the verify(times(2))... that's all.

here a more elegant way

mockMvc.perform(post("/retrieve?page=1&countReg=999999")
            .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + validToken))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(content().string(containsString("regCount")));

I had all tests from a single test class failing with this issue, all other were running well. Later I found an error in a [ignore] attribute in one the tests on this class.

This can be done with something like this:

# foo.py
class Foo:
    def method_1():
        results = uses_some_other_method()


# testing.py
from mock import patch

@patch('Foo.uses_some_other_method', return_value="specific_value"):
def test_some_other_method(mock_some_other_method):
    foo = Foo()
    the_value = foo.method_1()
    assert the_value == "specific_value"

Here's a source that you can read: Patching in the wrong place

The only thing that worked for me was adding a .npmrc file containing:

unsafe-perm = true

Adding the same config to package.json didn't have any effect.

If anyone came to this question looking for ways to add multiple parameters at the same time (my case), you can use .params with a MultivalueMap instead of adding each .param :

LinkedMultiValueMap<String, String> requestParams = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>()
requestParams.add("id", "1");
requestParams.add("name", "john");
requestParams.add("age", "30");

mockMvc.perform(get("my/endpoint").params(requestParams)).andExpect(status().isOk())

My way on Windows 8

1. Add a directory with ssh-keygen to the system PATH variable, usually C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\bin

2. Open CMD, go to C:\Users\Me\

3. Generate SSH key ssh-keygen -t rsa

   Enter file in which to save the key (//.ssh/id_rsa): .ssh/id_rsa (change a default incorrect path to .ssh/somegoodname_rsa)

4. Add the key to Heroku heroku keys:add

   Select a created key from a list

5. Go to your app directory, write some beautiful code

6. Init a git repo git init git add . git commit -m 'chore(release): v0.0.1

7. Create Heroku application heroku create

8. Deploy your app git push heroku master

9. Open your app heroku open

Using jQuery UI in combination with the excellent datetimepicker plugin from http://trentrichardson.com/examples/timepicker/

You can specify the dateFormat and timeFormat

$('#datepicker').datetimepicker({
    dateFormat: "yy-mm-dd",
    timeFormat:  "hh:mm:ss"
});

If you are using Maven, add the below config in your pom.xml:

<build>
    <testResources>
                <testResource>
                    <directory>src/main/webapp</directory>
                </testResource>
    </testResources>
</build>

With this config, you will be able to access xml files in WEB-INF folder. From Maven POM Reference: The testResources element block contains testResource elements. Their definitions are similar to resource elements, but are naturally used during test phases.

Another way to solve with Reflection, but without marshalling:

I have this abstract helper class:

public abstract class MvcIntegrationTestUtils {

       public static MockHttpServletRequestBuilder postForm(String url,
                 Object modelAttribute, String... propertyPaths) {

              try {
                     MockHttpServletRequestBuilder form = post(url).characterEncoding(
                           "UTF-8").contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);

                     for (String path : propertyPaths) {
                            form.param(path, BeanUtils.getProperty(modelAttribute, path));
                     }

                     return form;

              } catch (Exception e) {
                     throw new RuntimeException(e);
              }
     }
}

You use it like this:

// static import (optional)
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;

// in your test method, populate your model attribute object (yes, works with nested properties)
BlogSetup bgs = new BlogSetup();
      bgs.getBlog().setBlogTitle("Test Blog");
      bgs.getUser().setEmail("[email protected]");
    bgs.getUser().setFirstName("Administrator");
      bgs.getUser().setLastName("Localhost");
      bgs.getUser().setPassword("password");

// finally put it together
mockMvc.perform(
            postForm("/blogs/create", bgs, "blog.blogTitle", "user.email",
                    "user.firstName", "user.lastName", "user.password"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())

I have deduced it is better to be able to mention the property paths when building the form, since I need to vary that in my tests. For example, I might want to check if I get a validation error on a missing input and I'll leave out the property path to simulate the condition. I also find it easier to build my model attributes in a @Before method.

The BeanUtils is from commons-beanutils:

    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
        <version>1.8.3</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

Blanket.js works perfect too.

npm install --save-dev blanket

in front of your test/tests.js

require('blanket')({
    pattern: function (filename) {
        return !/node_modules/.test(filename);
    }
});

run mocha -R html-cov > coverage.html

I find that the "solution" of just increasing the timeouts obscures what's really going on here, which is either

1. Your code and/or network calls are way too slow (should be sub 100 ms for a good user experience)
2. The assertions (tests) are failing and something is swallowing the errors before Mocha is able to act on them.

You usually encounter #2 when Mocha doesn't receive assertion errors from a callback. This is caused by some other code swallowing the exception further up the stack. The right way of dealing with this is to fix the code and not swallow the error.

When external code swallows your errors

In case it's a library function that you are unable to modify, you need to catch the assertion error and pass it onto Mocha yourself. You do this by wrapping your assertion callback in a try/catch block and pass any exceptions to the done handler.

it('should not fail', function (done) { // Pass reference here!

  i_swallow_errors(function (err, result) {
    try { // boilerplate to be able to get the assert failures
      assert.ok(true);
      assert.equal(result, 'bar');
      done();
    } catch (error) {
      done(error);
    }
  });
});

This boilerplate can of course be extracted into some utility function to make the test a little more pleasing to the eye:

it('should not fail', function (done) { // Pass reference here!
    i_swallow_errors(handleError(done, function (err, result) {
        assert.equal(result, 'bar');
    }));
});

// reusable boilerplate to be able to get the assert failures
function handleError(done, fn) {
    try { 
        fn();
        done();
    } catch (error) {
        done(error);
    }
}

Speeding up network tests

Other than that I suggest you pick up the advice on starting to use test stubs for network calls to make tests pass without having to rely on a functioning network. Using Mocha, Chai and Sinon the tests might look something like this

describe('api tests normally involving network calls', function() {

    beforeEach: function () {
        this.xhr = sinon.useFakeXMLHttpRequest();
        var requests = this.requests = [];

        this.xhr.onCreate = function (xhr) {
            requests.push(xhr);
        };
    },

    afterEach: function () {
        this.xhr.restore();
    }


    it("should fetch comments from server", function () {
        var callback = sinon.spy();
        myLib.getCommentsFor("/some/article", callback);
        assertEquals(1, this.requests.length);

        this.requests[0].respond(200, { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
                                 '[{ "id": 12, "comment": "Hey there" }]');
        expect(callback.calledWith([{ id: 12, comment: "Hey there" }])).to.be.true;
    });

});

See Sinon's nise docs for more info.

Notice that that @InjectMocks are about to be deprecated

deprecate @InjectMocks and schedule for removal in Mockito 3/4

and you can follow @avp answer and link on:

Why You Should Not Use InjectMocks Annotation to Autowire Fields

I'm a new user for Spring. I found a different solution for this. Using reflection and making public necessary fields and assign mock objects.

This is my auth controller and it has some Autowired private properties.

@RestController
public class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private UsersDAOInterface usersDao;

    @Autowired
    private TokensDAOInterface tokensDao;

    @RequestMapping(path = "/auth/getToken", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public @ResponseBody Object getToken(@RequestParam String username,
            @RequestParam String password) {
        User user = usersDao.getLoginUser(username, password);

        if (user == null)
            return new ErrorResult("Kullaniciadi veya sifre hatali");

        Token token = new Token();
        token.setTokenId("aergaerg");
        token.setUserId(1);
        token.setInsertDatetime(new Date());
        return token;
    }
}

And this is my Junit test for AuthController. I'm making public needed private properties and assign mock objects to them and rock :)

public class AuthControllerTest {

    @Test
    public void getToken() {
        try {
            UsersDAO mockUsersDao = mock(UsersDAO.class);
            TokensDAO mockTokensDao = mock(TokensDAO.class);

            User dummyUser = new User();
            dummyUser.setId(10);
            dummyUser.setUsername("nixarsoft");
            dummyUser.setTopId(0);

            when(mockUsersDao.getLoginUser(Matchers.anyString(), Matchers.anyString())) //
                    .thenReturn(dummyUser);

            AuthController ctrl = new AuthController();

            Field usersDaoField = ctrl.getClass().getDeclaredField("usersDao");
            usersDaoField.setAccessible(true);
            usersDaoField.set(ctrl, mockUsersDao);

            Field tokensDaoField = ctrl.getClass().getDeclaredField("tokensDao");
            tokensDaoField.setAccessible(true);
            tokensDaoField.set(ctrl, mockTokensDao);

            Token t = (Token) ctrl.getToken("test", "aergaeg");

            Assert.assertNotNull(t);

        } catch (Exception ex) {
            System.out.println(ex);
        }
    }

}

I don't know advantages and disadvantages for this way but this is working. This technic has a little bit more code but these codes can be seperated by different methods etc. There are more good answers for this question but I want to point to different solution. Sorry for my bad english. Have a good java to everybody :)

To answer your second question first. If you're using JUnit 4, you can annotate your test with

@Test(expected=MyException.class)

to assert that an exception has occured. And to "mock" an exception with mockito, use

when(myMock.doSomething()).thenThrow(new MyException());

If you "want to return a fixed value when the input parameter has a particular value", maybe you don't even need a mock and could use a dict along with its get method:

foo = {'input1': 'value1', 'input2': 'value2'}.get

foo('input1')  # value1
foo('input2')  # value2

This works well when your fake's output is a mapping of input. When it's a function of input I'd suggest using side_effect as per Amber's answer.

You can also use a combination of both if you want to preserve Mock's capabilities (assert_called_once, call_count etc):

self.mock.side_effect = {'input1': 'value1', 'input2': 'value2'}.get

You are confusing a Mock with a Spy.

In a mock all methods are stubbed and return "smart return types". This means that calling any method on a mocked class will do nothing unless you specify behaviour.

In a spy the original functionality of the class is still there but you can validate method invocations in a spy and also override method behaviour.

What you want is

MyProcessingAgent mockMyAgent = Mockito.spy(MyProcessingAgent.class);

A quick example:

static class TestClass {

    public String getThing() {
        return "Thing";
    }

    public String getOtherThing() {
        return getThing();
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    final TestClass testClass = Mockito.spy(new TestClass());
    Mockito.when(testClass.getThing()).thenReturn("Some Other thing");
    System.out.println(testClass.getOtherThing());
}

Output is:

Some Other thing

NB: You should really try to mock the dependencies for the class being tested not the class itself.

This worked for me! Couldn't find anything to make it work with before()

describe("When in a long running test", () => {
  it("Should not time out with 2000ms", async () => {
    let service = new SomeService();
    let result = await service.callToLongRunningProcess();
    expect(result).to.be.true;
  }).timeout(10000); // Custom Timeout 
});

I will add this information since I had a hard time figuring how to mock an async api call.

Here is what I did to mock an async call.

Here is the function I wanted to test

async def get_user_info(headers, payload):
    return await httpx.AsyncClient().post(URI, json=payload, headers=headers)

You still need the MockResponse class

class MockResponse:
    def __init__(self, json_data, status_code):
        self.json_data = json_data
        self.status_code = status_code

    def json(self):
        return self.json_data

You add the MockResponseAsync class

class MockResponseAsync:
    def __init__(self, json_data, status_code):
        self.response = MockResponse(json_data, status_code)

    async def getResponse(self):
        return self.response

Here is the test. The important thing here is I create the response before since init function can't be async and the call to getResponse is async so it all checked out.

@pytest.mark.asyncio
@patch('httpx.AsyncClient')
async def test_get_user_info_valid(self, mock_post):
    """test_get_user_info_valid"""
    # Given
    token_bd = "abc"
    username = "bob"
    payload = {
        'USERNAME': username,
        'DBNAME': 'TEST'
    }
    headers = {
        'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + token_bd,
        'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    }
    async_response = MockResponseAsync("", 200)
    mock_post.return_value.post.return_value = async_response.getResponse()

    # When
    await api_bd.get_user_info(headers, payload)

    # Then
    mock_post.return_value.post.assert_called_once_with(
        URI, json=payload, headers=headers)

If you have a better way of doing that tell me but I think it's pretty clean like that.

There is a neat way of doing this.

• If it's an Unit Test you can do this:

  @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
  public class MyUnitTest {
  
      @Mock
      private MyFirstMock myFirstMock;
  
      @Mock
      private MySecondMock mySecondMock;
  
      @Spy
      private MySpiedClass mySpiedClass = new MySpiedClass();
  
      // It's gonna inject the 2 mocks and the spied object per reflection to this object
      // The java doc of @InjectMocks explains it really well how and when it does the injection
      @InjectMocks
      private MyClassToTest myClassToTest;
  
      @Test
      public void testSomething() {
      }
  }
  

• EDIT: If it's an Integration test you can do this(not intended to be used that way with Spring. Just showcase that you can initialize mocks with diferent Runners):

  @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
  @ContextConfiguration("aplicationContext.xml")
  public class MyIntegrationTest {
  
      @Mock
      private MyFirstMock myFirstMock;
  
      @Mock
      private MySecondMock mySecondMock;
  
      @Spy
      private MySpiedClass mySpiedClass = new MySpiedClass();
  
      // It's gonna inject the 2 mocks and the spied object per reflection to this object
      // The java doc of @InjectMocks explains it really well how and when it does the injection
      @InjectMocks
      private MyClassToTest myClassToTest;
  
      @Before
      public void setUp() throws Exception {
            MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
      }
  
      @Test
      public void testSomething() {
      }
  }
  

Options to avoid using SecurityContextHolder in tests:

• Option 1: use mocks - I mean mock SecurityContextHolder using some mock library - EasyMock for example
• Option 2: wrap call SecurityContextHolder.get... in your code in some service - for example in SecurityServiceImpl with method getCurrentPrincipal that implements SecurityService interface and then in your tests you can simply create mock implementation of this interface that returns the desired principal without access to SecurityContextHolder.

If you ever wondered how to do it using the new BDD style of Mockito:

willThrow(new Exception()).given(mockedObject).methodReturningVoid(...));

And for future reference one may need to throw exception and then do nothing:

willThrow(new Exception()).willDoNothing().given(mockedObject).methodReturningVoid(...));

This is an older thread,but I will post my answer for others. I have to recreate the project in a different workspace after the changes to make it work, as discussed in JavaServer Faces 2.2 requires Dynamic Web Module 2.5 or newer

The answer is in the documentation:

Real partial mocks (Since 1.8.0)

Finally, after many internal debates & discussions on the mailing list, partial mock support was added to Mockito. Previously we considered partial mocks as code smells. However, we found a legitimate use case for partial mocks.

Before release 1.8 spy() was not producing real partial mocks and it was confusing for some users. Read more about spying: here or in javadoc for spy(Object) method.

callRealMethod() was introduced after spy(), but spy() was left there of course, to ensure backward compatibility.

Otherwise, you're right: all the methods of a spy are real unless stubbed. All the methods of a mock are stubbed unless callRealMethod() is called. In general, I would prefer using callRealMethod(), because it doesn't force me to use the doXxx().when() idiom instead of the traditional when().thenXxx()

Partial mocking using Mockito's spy method could be the solution to your problem, as already stated in the answers above. To some degree I agree that, for your concrete use case, it may be more appropriate to mock the DB lookup. From my experience this is not always possible - at least not without other workarounds - that I would consider as being very cumbersome or at least fragile. Note, that partial mocking does not work with ally versions of Mockito. You have use at least 1.8.0.

I would have just written a simple comment for the original question instead of posting this answer, but StackOverflow does not allow this.

Just one more thing: I really cannot understand that many times a question is being asked here gets comment with "Why you want to do this" without at least trying to understand the problem. Escpecially when it comes to then need for partial mocking there are really a lot of use cases that I could imagine where it would be useful. That's why the guys from Mockito provided that functionality. This feature should of course not be overused. But when we talk about test case setups that otherwise could not be established in a very complicated way, spying should be used.

build gradle:

testImplementation "com.nhaarman.mockitokotlin2:mockito-kotlin:2.2.0"

code:

interface MyCallback {
  fun someMethod(value: String)
}

class MyTestableManager(private val callback: MyCallback){
  fun perform(){
    callback.someMethod("first")
    callback.someMethod("second")
    callback.someMethod("third")
  }
}

test:

import com.nhaarman.mockitokotlin2.times
import com.nhaarman.mockitokotlin2.verify
import com.nhaarman.mockitokotlin2.mock
...
val callback: MyCallback = mock()
val manager = MyTestableManager(callback)
manager.perform()

val captor: KArgumentCaptor<String> = com.nhaarman.mockitokotlin2.argumentCaptor<String>()

verify(callback, times(3)).someMethod(captor.capture())

assertTrue(captor.allValues[0] == "first")
assertTrue(captor.allValues[1] == "second")
assertTrue(captor.allValues[2] == "third")

Do not use Mockito.anyXXXX(). Directly pass the value to the method parameter of same type. Example:

A expected = new A(10);

String firstId = "10w";
String secondId = "20s";
String product = "Test";
String type = "type2";
Mockito.when(service.getTestData(firstId, secondId, product,type)).thenReturn(expected);

public class A{
   int a ;
   public A(int a) {
      this.a = a;
   }
}

Here is my attempt at validating JSON properties. I used @casey-foster 's approach, but added recursion for deeper validation. The third parameter in function is optional and only used for testing.

//compare json2 to json1
function isValidJson(json1, json2, showInConsole) {

    if (!showInConsole)
        showInConsole = false;

    var aKeys = Object.keys(json1).sort();
    var bKeys = Object.keys(json2).sort();

    for (var i = 0; i < aKeys.length; i++) {

        if (showInConsole)
            console.log("---------" + JSON.stringify(aKeys[i]) + "  " + JSON.stringify(bKeys[i]))

        if (JSON.stringify(aKeys[i]) === JSON.stringify(bKeys[i])) {

            if (typeof json1[aKeys[i]] === 'object'){ // contains another obj

                if (showInConsole)
                    console.log("Entering " + JSON.stringify(aKeys[i]))

                if (!isValidJson(json1[aKeys[i]], json2[bKeys[i]], showInConsole)) 
                    return false; // if recursive validation fails

                if (showInConsole)
                    console.log("Leaving " + JSON.stringify(aKeys[i]))

            }

        } else {

            console.warn("validation failed at " + aKeys[i]);
            return false; // if attribute names dont mactch

        }

    }

    return true;

}

If you trying to run unit-test under the test folder, the top solution is fine. Just follow it adding an extension.

But if you want to run it with android related class like context or activity which is under androidtest folder, the answer is for you.

Since most developers are familiar with tag/annotation-based documentation, the convention I have started using is similar. Here is a taste:

{
  "@comment dependencies": [
    "These are the comments for the `dependencies` section.",
    "The name of the section being commented is included in the key after the `@comment` 'annotation'/'tag' to ensure the keys are unique.",
    "That is, using just \"@comment\" would not be sufficient to keep keys unique if you need to add another comment at the same level.",
    "Because JSON doesn't allow a multi-line string or understand a line continuation operator/character, just use an array for each line of the comment.",
    "Since this is embedded in JSON, the keys should be unique.",
    "Otherwise JSON validators, such as ones built into IDEs, will complain.",
    "Or some tools, such as running `npm install something --save`, will rewrite the `package.json` file but with duplicate keys removed.",
    "",
    "@package react - Using an `@package` 'annotation` could be how you add comments specific to particular packages."
  ],
  "dependencies": {
    ...
  },
  "scripts": {
    "@comment build": "This comment is about the build script.",
    "build": "...",

    "@comment start": [
      "This comment is about the `start` script.",
      "It is wrapped in an array to allow line formatting.",
      "When using npm, as opposed to yarn, to run the script, be sure to add ` -- ` before adding the options.",
      "",
      "@option {number} --port - The port the server should listen on."
    ],
    "start": "...",

    "@comment test": "This comment is about the test script.",
    "test": "..."
  }
}

Note: For the dependencies, devDependencies, etc. sections, the comment annotations can't be added directly above the individual package dependencies inside the configuration object since npm is expecting the key to be the name of an npm package. Hence the reason for the @comment dependencies.

Note: In certain contexts, such as in the scripts object, some editors/IDEs may complain about the array. In the scripts context, Visual Studio Code expects a string for the value -- not an array.

I like the annotation/tag style way of adding comments to JSON because the @ symbol stands out from the normal declarations.

update to 3.1 :

  <plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1</version>
    <configuration>
        <source>1.7</source>
        <target>1.7</target>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

My symptoms were the composite device (this contains all of the actual USB devices such as the ADB interface, camera, etc) was not being installed. This has a hardware id of:

USB\VID_18D1&PID_4EE6&REV_0228
USB\VID_18D1&PID_4EE6

The composite device's children will have &MI_## after them. If you see those, then this is not the same issue.

I resolved this by coping usb.inf to %windir%\inf from a virtual machine of Windows 7. The hardware detected and installed fine after.

Starting with version 3.5.0 of Mockito and using the InlineMockMaker, you can now mock object constructions:

 try (MockedConstruction mocked = mockConstruction(A.class)) {
   A a = new A();
   when(a.check()).thenReturn("bar");
 }

Inside the try-with-resources construct all object constructions are returning a mock.

Even more meaningful :

import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;

// ...

verify(dependency, never()).someMethod();

The documentation of this feature is there §4 "Verifying exact number of invocations / at least x / never", and the never javadoc is here.

Here's an answer covering the more general question of calling another PS script from a PS script, as you may do if you were composing your scripts of many little, narrow-purpose scripts.

I found it was simply a case of using dot-sourcing. That is, you just do:

# This is Script-A.ps1

. ./Script-B.ps1 -SomeObject $variableFromScriptA -SomeOtherParam 1234;

I found all the Q/A very confusing and complicated and eventually landed upon the simple method above, which is really just like calling another script as if it was a function in the original script, which I seem to find more intuitive.

Dot-sourcing can "import" the other script in its entirety, using:

. ./Script-B.ps1

It's now as if the two files are merged.

Ultimately, what I was really missing is the notion that I should be building a module of reusable functions.

Another option to transform the static method into a static Func or Action. For instance.

Original code:

    class Math
    {
        public static int Add(int x, int y)
        {
            return x + y;
        }

You want to "mock" the Add method, but you can't. Change the above code to this:

        public static Func<int, int, int> Add = (x, y) =>
        {
            return x + y;
        };

Existing client code doesn't have to change (maybe recompile), but source stays the same.

Now, from the unit-test, to change the behavior of the method, just reassign an in-line function to it:

    [TestMethod]
    public static void MyTest()
    {
        Math.Add = (x, y) =>
        {
            return 11;
        };

Put whatever logic you want in the method, or just return some hard-coded value, depending on what you're trying to do.

This may not necessarily be something you can do each time, but in practice, I found this technique works just fine.

[edit] I suggest that you add the following Cleanup code to your Unit Test class:

    [TestCleanup]
    public void Cleanup()
    {
        typeof(Math).TypeInitializer.Invoke(null, null);
    }

Add a separate line for each static class. What this does is, after the unit test is done running, it resets all the static fields back to their original value. That way other unit tests in the same project will start out with the correct defaults as opposed your mocked version.

Remove

<dependency>
    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency> 

slf4j-log4j12 is the log4j binding for slf4j you dont need to add another log4j dependency.

Added
Provide the log4j configuration in log4j.properties and add it to your class path. There are sample configurations here

or you can change your binding to

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
    <version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>

if you are configuring slf4j due to some dependencies requiring it.

The line

when(someObject.doSomething(argumentCaptor.capture())).thenReturn(true);

would do the same as

when(someObject.doSomething(Matchers.any())).thenReturn(true);

So, using argumentCaptor.capture() when stubbing has no added value. Using Matchers.any() shows better what really happens and therefor is better for readability. With argumentCaptor.capture(), you can't read what arguments are really matched. And instead of using any(), you can use more specific matchers when you have more information (class of the expected argument), to improve your test.

And another problem: If using argumentCaptor.capture() when stubbing it becomes unclear how many values you should expect to be captured after verification. We want to capture a value during verification, not during stubbing because at that point there is no value to capture yet. So what does the argument captors capture method capture during stubbing? It capture anything because there is nothing to be captured yet. I consider it to be undefined behavior and I don't want to use undefined behavior.

Judging from other answers, no one except @rob-kennedy talked about the call_args_list.

It's a powerful tool for that you can implement the exact contrary of MagicMock.assert_called_with()

call_args_list is a list of call objects. Each call object represents a call made on a mocked callable.

>>> from unittest.mock import MagicMock
>>> m = MagicMock()
>>> m.call_args_list
[]
>>> m(42)
<MagicMock name='mock()' id='139675158423872'>
>>> m.call_args_list
[call(42)]
>>> m(42, 30)
<MagicMock name='mock()' id='139675158423872'>
>>> m.call_args_list
[call(42), call(42, 30)]

Consuming a call object is easy, since you can compare it with a tuple of length 2 where the first component is a tuple containing all the positional arguments of the related call, while the second component is a dictionary of the keyword arguments.

>>> ((42,),) in m.call_args_list
True
>>> m(42, foo='bar')
<MagicMock name='mock()' id='139675158423872'>
>>> ((42,), {'foo': 'bar'}) in m.call_args_list
True
>>> m(foo='bar')
<MagicMock name='mock()' id='139675158423872'>
>>> ((), {'foo': 'bar'}) in m.call_args_list
True

So, a way to address the specific problem of the OP is

def test_something():
    with patch('something') as my_var:
        assert ((some, args),) not in my_var.call_args_list

Note that this way, instead of just checking if a mocked callable has been called, via MagicMock.called, you can now check if it has been called with a specific set of arguments.

That's useful. Say you want to test a function that takes a list and call another function, compute(), for each of the value of the list only if they satisfy a specific condition.

You can now mock compute, and test if it has been called on some value but not on others.

ColumnNames is a property of type List<String> so when you are setting up you need to pass a List<String> in the Returns call as an argument (or a func which return a List<String>)

But with this line you are trying to return just a string

input.SetupGet(x => x.ColumnNames).Returns(temp[0]);

which is causing the exception.

Change it to return whole list:

input.SetupGet(x => x.ColumnNames).Returns(temp);

I found the there is a certificate expired issue with:

npm set registry https://registry.npmjs.org/

So I made it http, not https :-

npm set registry http://registry.npmjs.org/

And have no problems so far.

This is the better solution:

verify(mock_contractsDao, times(1)).save(Mockito.eq("Parameter I'm expecting"));

One more possible scenario which may causing issues with spies is when you're testing spring beans (with spring test framework) or some other framework that is proxing your objects during test.

Example

@Autowired
private MonitoringDocumentsRepository repository

void test(){
    repository = Mockito.spy(repository)
    Mockito.doReturn(docs1, docs2)
            .when(repository).findMonitoringDocuments(Mockito.nullable(MonitoringDocumentSearchRequest.class));
}

In above code both Spring and Mockito will try to proxy your MonitoringDocumentsRepository object, but Spring will be first, which will cause real call of findMonitoringDocuments method. If we debug our code just after putting a spy on repository object it will look like this inside debugger:

repository = MonitoringDocumentsRepository$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$MockitoMock$

@SpyBean to the rescue

If instead @Autowired annotation we use @SpyBean annotation, we will solve above problem, the SpyBean annotation will also inject repository object but it will be firstly proxied by Mockito and will look like this inside debugger

repository = MonitoringDocumentsRepository$$MockitoMock$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$

and here is the code:

@SpyBean
private MonitoringDocumentsRepository repository

void test(){
    Mockito.doReturn(docs1, docs2)
            .when(repository).findMonitoringDocuments(Mockito.nullable(MonitoringDocumentSearchRequest.class));
}

You can use PowerMockito

See the example:

Second second = Mockito.mock(Second.class);
whenNew(Second.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(second);

But re-factoring is better decision.

This is my case:

//given
ObjectA a = new ObjectA();
ObjectB b = mock(ObjectB.class);
when(b.call()).thenReturn(a);

Target target = spy(new Target());
doReturn(b).when(target).method1();

//when
String result = target.method2();

Then I get this error:

org.mockito.exceptions.misusing.WrongTypeOfReturnValue: 
ObjectB$$EnhancerByMockitoWithCGLIB$$2eaf7d1d cannot be returned by method2()
method2() should return String

Can you guess?

The problem is that Target.method1() is a static method. Mockito completely warns me to another thing.

Honestly I am not sure if I really understand your question :P I will try to clarify as much as I can, from what I get from your original question:

First, in most case, you should NOT have any concern on Spring. You rarely need to have spring involved in writing your unit test. In normal case, you only need to instantiate the system under test (SUT, the target to be tested) in your unit test, and inject dependencies of SUT in the test too. The dependencies are usually a mock/stub.

Your original suggested way, and example 2, 3 is precisely doing what I am describing above.

In some rare case (like, integration tests, or some special unit tests), you need to create a Spring app context, and get your SUT from the app context. In such case, I believe you can:

1) Create your SUT in spring app ctx, get reference to it, and inject mocks to it

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("test-app-ctx.xml")
public class FooTest {

    @Autowired
    @InjectMocks
    TestTarget sut;

    @Mock
    Foo mockFoo;

    @Before
    /* Initialized mocks */
    public void setup() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void someTest() {
         // ....
    }
}

or

2) follow the way described in your link Spring Integration Tests, Creating Mock Objects. This approach is to create mocks in Spring's app context, and you can get the mock object from the app ctx to do your stubbing/verification:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("test-app-ctx.xml")
public class FooTest {

    @Autowired
    TestTarget sut;

    @Autowired
    Foo mockFoo;

    @Test
    public void someTest() {
         // ....
    }
}

Both ways should work. The main difference is the former case will have the dependencies injected after going through spring's lifecycle etc. (e.g. bean initialization), while the latter case is injected beforehands. For example, if your SUT implements spring's InitializingBean, and the initialization routine involves the dependencies, you will see the difference between these two approach. I believe there is no right or wrong for these 2 approaches, as long as you know what you are doing.

Just a supplement, @Mock, @Inject, MocktoJunitRunner etc are all unnecessary in using Mockito. They are just utilities to save you typing the Mockito.mock(Foo.class) and bunch of setter invocations.

function showstuff(boxid){
   document.getElementById(boxid).style.visibility="visible";
}

<button onclick="showstuff('id_to_show');" />

This will help you, I think.

Looking into https://mochajs.org/#usage we see that simply use

mocha test/myfile

will work. You can omit the '.js' at the end.

As @jeff-dickey suggested, in the root of your project, make a folder called test. In that folder, make a file called mocha.opts. Now where I try to improve on Jeff's answer, what worked for me was instead of specifying the name of just one test folder, I specified a pattern to find all tests to run in my project by adding this line:

*/tests/*.js --recursive in mocha.opts

If you instead want to specify the exact folders to look for tests in, I did something like this:

shared/tests/*.js --recursive
server/tests/graph/*.js --recursive

I hope this helps anyone who needed more than what the other answers provide

You may have also put your console.log after an expectation that fails and is uncaught, so your log line never gets executed.

What you want to do is a combination of part of 1 and all of 2.

You need to use the PowerMockito.mockStatic to enable static mocking for all static methods of a class. This means make it possible to stub them using the when-thenReturn syntax.

But the 2-argument overload of mockStatic you are using supplies a default strategy for what Mockito/PowerMock should do when you call a method you haven't explicitly stubbed on the mock instance.

From the javadoc:

Creates class mock with a specified strategy for its answers to interactions. It's quite advanced feature and typically you don't need it to write decent tests. However it can be helpful when working with legacy systems. It is the default answer so it will be used only when you don't stub the method call.

The default default stubbing strategy is to just return null, 0 or false for object, number and boolean valued methods. By using the 2-arg overload, you're saying "No, no, no, by default use this Answer subclass' answer method to get a default value. It returns a Long, so if you have static methods which return something incompatible with Long, there is a problem.

Instead, use the 1-arg version of mockStatic to enable stubbing of static methods, then use when-thenReturn to specify what to do for a particular method. For example:

import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

class ClassWithStatics {
  public static String getString() {
    return "String";
  }

  public static int getInt() {
    return 1;
  }
}

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(ClassWithStatics.class)
public class StubJustOneStatic {
  @Test
  public void test() {
    PowerMockito.mockStatic(ClassWithStatics.class);

    when(ClassWithStatics.getString()).thenReturn("Hello!");

    System.out.println("String: " + ClassWithStatics.getString());
    System.out.println("Int: " + ClassWithStatics.getInt());
  }
}

The String-valued static method is stubbed to return "Hello!", while the int-valued static method uses the default stubbing, returning 0.

Very late to the party but hopefully this will help someone, was in the same situation for about a hour without any of the solutions mentioned above working. (On a Windows 10 machine).

In the Settings/Preferences dialog (Ctrl+Alt+S), from the side menu select Project: | Project Interpreter.

Check which packages you currently have installed (You need SQLAlchemy and Flask-SQLAlchemy). Double click on any package name, an 'Available Packages' menu will open.

Search for the missing package(s) and click install.

For Java 8 and above, it's easy:

when(mock.process(Matchers.anyList()));

For Java 7 and below, the compiler needs a bit of help. Use anyListOf(Class<T> clazz):

when(mock.process(Matchers.anyListOf(Bar.class)));

This is how I managed to do what I was trying to do:

[Test]
public void TransferHandlesDisconnect()
{
    // ... set up config here
    var methodTester = new Mock<Transfer>(configInfo);
    methodTester.CallBase = true;
    methodTester
        .Setup(m => 
            m.GetFile(
                It.IsAny<IFileConnection>(), 
                It.IsAny<string>(), 
                It.IsAny<string>()
            ))
        .Throws<System.IO.IOException>();

    methodTester.Object.TransferFiles("foo1", "foo2");
    Assert.IsTrue(methodTester.Object.Status == TransferStatus.TransferInterrupted);
}

If there is a problem with this method, I would like to know; the other answers suggest I am doing this wrong, but this was exactly what I was trying to do.

I would try any(byte[].class)

Solution for your example code using PowerMockito.whenNew

• mockito-all 1.10.8
• powermock-core 1.6.1
• powermock-module-junit4 1.6.1
• powermock-api-mockito 1.6.1
• junit 4.12

FooTest.java

package foo;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

//Both @PrepareForTest and @RunWith are needed for `whenNew` to work 
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({ Foo.class })
public class FooTest {

    // Class Under Test
    Foo cut;

    @Mock
    Bar barMock;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        cut = new Foo();

    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() {
        cut = null;

    }

    @Test
    public void testFoo() throws Exception {

        // Setup
        PowerMockito.whenNew(Bar.class).withNoArguments()
                .thenReturn(this.barMock);

        // Test
        cut.foo();

        // Validations
        Mockito.verify(this.barMock, Mockito.times(1)).someMethod();

    }

}

JUnit Output

After further reading, and confirmation from Linus G Thiel above, I found I simply had to,

• Downgrade to Node.js 0.6.12
• And either,
  • Install Mocha as global
  • Add ./node_modules/.bin to my PATH

To mock a static method that return void for e.g. Fileutils.forceMKdir(File file),

Sample code:

File file =PowerMockito.mock(File.class);
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(FileUtils.class,"forceMkdir",file);

You're checking the wrong method. Moq requires that you Setup (and then optionally Verify) the method in the dependency class.

You should be doing something more like this:

class MyClassTest
{
    [TestMethod]
    public void MyMethodTest()
    {
        string action = "test";
        Mock<SomeClass> mockSomeClass = new Mock<SomeClass>();

        mockSomeClass.Setup(mock => mock.DoSomething());

        MyClass myClass = new MyClass(mockSomeClass.Object);
        myClass.MyMethod(action);

        // Explicitly verify each expectation...
        mockSomeClass.Verify(mock => mock.DoSomething(), Times.Once());

        // ...or verify everything.
        // mockSomeClass.VerifyAll();
    }
}

In other words, you are verifying that calling MyClass#MyMethod, your class will definitely call SomeClass#DoSomething once in that process. Note that you don't need the Times argument; I was just demonstrating its value.

Lots of others have already advised you to rethink your code to make it more testable - good advice and usually simpler than what I'm about to suggest.

If you can't change the code to make it more testable, PowerMock: https://code.google.com/p/powermock/

PowerMock extends Mockito (so you don't have to learn a new mock framework), providing additional functionality. This includes the ability to have a constructor return a mock. Powerful, but a little complicated - so use it judiciously.

You use a different Mock runner. And you need to prepare the class that is going to invoke the constructor. (Note that this is a common gotcha - prepare the class that calls the constructor, not the constructed class)

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({First.class})

Then in your test set-up, you can use the whenNew method to have the constructor return a mock

whenNew(Second.class).withAnyArguments().thenReturn(mock(Second.class));

The following is a test class that mocks private static final Logger named log in class LogUtil.

In addition to mocking the getLogger factory call, it is necessary to explicitly set the field using reflection, in @BeforeClass

public class LogUtilTest {

    private static Logger logger;

    private static MockedStatic<LoggerFactory> loggerFactoryMockedStatic;

    /**
     * Since {@link LogUtil#log} being a static final variable it is only initialized once at the class load time
     * So assertions are also performed against the same mock {@link LogUtilTest#logger}
     */
    @BeforeClass
    public static void beforeClass() {
        logger = mock(Logger.class);
        loggerFactoryMockedStatic = mockStatic(LoggerFactory.class);
        loggerFactoryMockedStatic.when(() -> LoggerFactory.getLogger(anyString())).thenReturn(logger);
        Whitebox.setInternalState(LogUtil.class, "log", logger);
    }

    @AfterClass
    public static void after() {
        loggerFactoryMockedStatic.close();
    }
} 

There is actually a way to test methods from a private member with Mockito. Let's say you have a class like this:

public class A {
    private SomeOtherClass someOtherClass;
    A() {
        someOtherClass = new SomeOtherClass();
    }
    public void method(boolean b){
        if (b == true)
            someOtherClass.method1();
        else
            someOtherClass.method2();
    }

}

public class SomeOtherClass {
    public void method1() {}
    public void method2() {}
}

If you want to test a.method will invoke a method from SomeOtherClass, you can write something like below.

@Test
public void testPrivateMemberMethodCalled() {
    A a = new A();
    SomeOtherClass someOtherClass = Mockito.spy(new SomeOtherClass());
    ReflectionTestUtils.setField( a, "someOtherClass", someOtherClass);
    a.method( true );

    Mockito.verify( someOtherClass, Mockito.times( 1 ) ).method1();
}

ReflectionTestUtils.setField(); will stub the private member with something you can spy on.

Box shadows can use commas to have multiple effects, just like with background images (in CSS3).

You can use jQuery:

$(function() {
    $("form input").keypress(function (e) {
        if ((e.which && e.which == 13) || (e.keyCode && e.keyCode == 13)) {
            $('button[type=submit] .default').click();
            return false;
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    });
});

I've got a YouTube video on this.

Short answer: Use mock when you're passing in the thing that you want mocked, and patch if you're not. Of the two, mock is strongly preferred because it means you're writing code with proper dependency injection.

Silly example:

# Use a mock to test this.
my_custom_tweeter(twitter_api, sentence):
    sentence.replace('cks','x')   # We're cool and hip.
    twitter_api.send(sentence)

# Use a patch to mock out twitter_api. You have to patch the Twitter() module/class 
# and have it return a mock. Much uglier, but sometimes necessary.
my_badly_written_tweeter(sentence):
    twitter_api = Twitter(user="XXX", password="YYY")
    sentence.replace('cks','x') 
    twitter_api.send(sentence)

How about

when( method-call ).thenReturn( value1, value2, value3 );

You can put as many arguments as you like in the brackets of thenReturn, provided they're all the correct type. The first value will be returned the first time the method is called, then the second answer, and so on. The last value will be returned repeatedly once all the other values are used up.

A generic solution that will work with any testing framework (if your class is non-final) is to manually create your own mock.

1. Change your private method to protected.
2. In your test class extend the class
3. override the previously-private method to return whatever constant you want

This doesn't use any framework so its not as elegant but it will always work: even without PowerMock. Alternatively, you can use Mockito to do steps #2 & #3 for you, if you've done step #1 already.

To mock a private method directly, you'll need to use PowerMock as shown in the other answer.

Not just mvn, for any util, you can find out yourself by giving yum whatprovides {command_name}

How about:

when(a.method(isA(A.class))).thenReturn(b);

or:

when(a.method((A)notNull())).thenReturn(b);

For is()

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;

For assertThat()

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

For when() and verify()

import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

I always have to look this one up time and time again, so here is my answer.

Asserting multiple method calls on different objects of the same class

Suppose we have a heavy duty class (which we want to mock):

In [1]: class HeavyDuty(object):
   ...:     def __init__(self):
   ...:         import time
   ...:         time.sleep(2)  # <- Spends a lot of time here
   ...:     
   ...:     def do_work(self, arg1, arg2):
   ...:         print("Called with %r and %r" % (arg1, arg2))
   ...:  

here is some code that uses two instances of the HeavyDuty class:

In [2]: def heavy_work():
   ...:     hd1 = HeavyDuty()
   ...:     hd1.do_work(13, 17)
   ...:     hd2 = HeavyDuty()
   ...:     hd2.do_work(23, 29)
   ...:    

Now, here is a test case for the heavy_work function:

In [3]: from unittest.mock import patch, call
   ...: def test_heavy_work():
   ...:     expected_calls = [call.do_work(13, 17),call.do_work(23, 29)]
   ...:     
   ...:     with patch('__main__.HeavyDuty') as MockHeavyDuty:
   ...:         heavy_work()
   ...:         MockHeavyDuty.return_value.assert_has_calls(expected_calls)
   ...:  

We are mocking the HeavyDuty class with MockHeavyDuty. To assert method calls coming from every HeavyDuty instance we have to refer to MockHeavyDuty.return_value.assert_has_calls, instead of MockHeavyDuty.assert_has_calls. In addition, in the list of expected_calls we have to specify which method name we are interested in asserting calls for. So our list is made of calls to call.do_work, as opposed to simply call.

Exercising the test case shows us it is successful:

In [4]: print(test_heavy_work())
None

If we modify the heavy_work function, the test fails and produces a helpful error message:

In [5]: def heavy_work():
   ...:     hd1 = HeavyDuty()
   ...:     hd1.do_work(113, 117)  # <- call args are different
   ...:     hd2 = HeavyDuty()
   ...:     hd2.do_work(123, 129)  # <- call args are different
   ...:     

In [6]: print(test_heavy_work())
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(traceback omitted for clarity)

AssertionError: Calls not found.
Expected: [call.do_work(13, 17), call.do_work(23, 29)]
Actual: [call.do_work(113, 117), call.do_work(123, 129)]

Asserting multiple calls to a function

To contrast with the above, here is an example that shows how to mock multiple calls to a function:

In [7]: def work_function(arg1, arg2):
   ...:     print("Called with args %r and %r" % (arg1, arg2))

In [8]: from unittest.mock import patch, call
   ...: def test_work_function():
   ...:     expected_calls = [call(13, 17), call(23, 29)]    
   ...:     with patch('__main__.work_function') as mock_work_function:
   ...:         work_function(13, 17)
   ...:         work_function(23, 29)
   ...:         mock_work_function.assert_has_calls(expected_calls)
   ...:    

In [9]: print(test_work_function())
None

There are two main differences. The first one is that when mocking a function we setup our expected calls using call, instead of using call.some_method. The second one is that we call assert_has_calls on mock_work_function, instead of on mock_work_function.return_value.

If you happened to know the general location of cell towers, you could check to see if the current cell tower matches the location given (within an error margin of something large, like 10 or more miles).

For example, if your app unlocks features only if the user is in a specific location (your store, for example), you could check gps as well as cell towers. Currently, no gps spoofing app also spoofs the cell towers, so you could see if someone across the country is simply trying to spoof their way into your special features (I'm thinking of the Disney Mobile Magic app, for one example).

This is how the Llama app manages location by default, since checking cell tower ids are much less battery intensive than gps. It isn't useful for very specific locations, but if home and work are several miles away, it can distinguish between the two general locations very easily.

Of course, this would require the user to have a cell signal at all. And you would have to know all the cell towers ids in the area --on all network providers-- or you would run the risk of a false negative.

Following Step to to enable disable ARC

Select Xcode project Go to targets Select the Build phases section Inside the build phases section select the compile sources. Select the file which you do not want to disable ARC and add -fno-objc-arc

The answer from @edutesoy points to the documentation of PowerMockito and mentions constructor mocking as a hint but doesn't mention how to apply that to the current problem in the question.

Here is a solution based on that. Taking the code from the question:

public class MyClass {
    void method1 {
        MyObject obj1 = new MyObject();
        obj1.method1();
    }
}

The following test will create a mock of the MyObject instance class via preparing the class that instantiates it (in this example I am calling it MyClass) with PowerMock and letting PowerMockito to stub the constructor of MyObject class, then letting you stub the MyObject instance method1() call:

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(MyClass.class)
public class MyClassTest {
    @Test
    public void testMethod1() {      
        MyObject myObjectMock = mock(MyObject.class);
        when(myObjectMock.method1()).thenReturn(<whatever you want to return>);   
        PowerMockito.whenNew(MyObject.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(myObjectMock);
        
        MyClass objectTested = new MyClass();
        objectTested.method1();
        
        ... // your assertions or verification here 
    }
}

With that your internal method1() call will return what you want.

If you like the one-liners you can make the code shorter by creating the mock and the stub inline:

MyObject myObjectMock = when(mock(MyObject.class).method1()).thenReturn(<whatever you want>).getMock();   

Here it is how to use MockHttpServletRequest:

// given
MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest();
request.setServerName("www.example.com");
request.setRequestURI("/foo");
request.setQueryString("param1=value1&param");

// when
String url = request.getRequestURL() + '?' + request.getQueryString(); // assuming there is always queryString.

// then
assertThat(url, is("http://www.example.com:80/foo?param1=value1&param"));

Sql Server does not (on my knowledge) have in-build Split function. Split function in general on all platforms would have comma-separated string value to be split into individual strings. In sql server, the main objective or necessary of the Split function is to convert a comma-separated string value (‘abc,cde,fgh’) into a temp table with each string as rows.

The below Split function is Table-valued function which would help us splitting comma-separated (or any other delimiter value) string to individual string.

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.Split(@String varchar(8000), @Delimiter char(1))       
returns @temptable TABLE (items varchar(8000))       
as       
begin       
    declare @idx int       
    declare @slice varchar(8000)       

    select @idx = 1       
        if len(@String)<1 or @String is null  return       

    while @idx!= 0       
    begin       
        set @idx = charindex(@Delimiter,@String)       
        if @idx!=0       
            set @slice = left(@String,@idx - 1)       
        else       
            set @slice = @String       

        if(len(@slice)>0)  
            insert into @temptable(Items) values(@slice)       

        set @String = right(@String,len(@String) - @idx)       
        if len(@String) = 0 break       
    end   
return       
end  

select top 10 * from dbo.split('Chennai,Bangalore,Mumbai',',')

the complete can be found at follownig link http://www.logiclabz.com/sql-server/split-function-in-sql-server-to-break-comma-separated-strings-into-table.aspx

There are a few other options apart from Project->Clean, some of which are more along the lines of turning it off and on again.

• Try right-clicking on the project and selecting Maven->Update Project Configuration.
• Disable then re-enable dependency management (right-click Maven->Disable Dependency Management then Maven->Enable Dependency Management
• Close the project and reopen it.
• Check that your Maven settings are configured correctly. If you are behind a proxy you'll need to configure the proxy settings in the global or user settings.
• Check you're using the Maven installation you expect. By default m2eclipse uses the embedder, if you have a separate installation you may want to configure m2eclipse to use the external installation so that CLI and Eclipse builds are consistent. This also ensures you're configured to connect through any proxy as above.

If you don't want to validate all the calls to doSomething(), only the last one, you can just use ArgumentCaptor.getValue(). According to the Mockito javadoc:

If the method was called multiple times then it returns the latest captured value

So this would work (assumes Foo has a method getName()):

ArgumentCaptor<Foo> fooCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Foo.class);
verify(mockBar, times(2)).doSomething(fooCaptor.capture());
//getValue() contains value set in second call to doSomething()
assertEquals("2nd one", fooCaptor.getValue().getName());

Another option is to rely on good old fashion equals method. As long as the argument in the when mock equals the argument in the code being tested, then Mockito will match the mock.

Here is an example.

public class MyPojo {

    public MyPojo( String someField ) {
        this.someField = someField;
    }

    private String someField;

    @Override
    public boolean equals( Object o ) {
        if ( this == o ) return true;
        if ( o == null || getClass() != o.getClass() ) return false;
        MyPojo myPojo = ( MyPojo ) o;
        return someField.equals( myPojo.someField );
    }

}

then, assuming you know what the value for someField will be, you can mock it like this.

when(fooDao.getBar(new MyPojo(expectedSomeField))).thenReturn(myFoo);

pros: This is more explicit then any matchers. As a reviewer of code, I keep an eye open for any in the code junior developers write, as it glances over their code's logic to generate the appropriate object being passed.

con: Sometimes the field being passed to the object is a random ID. For this case you cannot easily construct the expected argument object in your mock code.

Another possible approach is to use Mockito's Answer object that can be used with the when method. Answer lets you intercept the actual call and inspect the input argument and return a mock object. In the example below I am using any to catch any request to the method being mocked. But then in the Answer lambda, I can further inspect the Bazo argument... maybe to verify that a proper ID was passed to it. I prefer this over any by itself so that at least some inspection is done on the argument.

    Bar mockBar = //generate mock Bar.

    when(fooDao.getBar(any(Bazo.class))
    .thenAnswer(  ( InvocationOnMock invocationOnMock) -> {
        Bazo actualBazo = invocationOnMock.getArgument( 0 );

        //inspect the actualBazo here and thrw exception if it does not meet your testing requirements.
        return mockBar;
    } );

So to sum it all up, I like relying on equals (where the expected argument and actual argument should be equal to each other) and if equals is not possible (due to not being able to predict the actual argument's state), I'll resort to Answer to inspect the argument.

In situations where the class under test can be modified and when it's desirable to avoid byte code manipulation, to keep things fast or to minimise third party dependencies, here is my take on the use of a factory to extract the new operation.

public class TestedClass {

    interface PojoFactory { Pojo getNewPojo(); }

    private final PojoFactory factory;

    /** For use in production - nothing needs to change. */
    public TestedClass() {
        this.factory = new PojoFactory() {
            @Override
            public Pojo getNewPojo() {
                return new Pojo();
            }
        };
    }

    /** For use in testing - provide a pojo factory. */
    public TestedClass(PojoFactory factory) {
        this.factory = factory;
    }

    public void doSomething() {
        Pojo pojo = this.factory.getNewPojo();
        anythingCouldHappen(pojo);
    }
}

With this in place, your testing, asserts and verify calls on the Pojo object are easy:

public  void testSomething() {
    Pojo testPojo = new Pojo();
    TestedClass target = new TestedClass(new TestedClass.PojoFactory() {
                @Override
                public Pojo getNewPojo() {
                    return testPojo;
                }
            });
    target.doSomething();
    assertThat(testPojo.isLifeStillBeautiful(), is(true));
}

The only downside to this approach potentially arises if TestClass has multiple constructors which you'd have to duplicate with the extra parameter.

For SOLID reasons you'd probably want to put the PojoFactory interface onto the Pojo class instead, and the production factory as well.

public class Pojo {

    interface PojoFactory { Pojo getNewPojo(); }

    public static final PojoFactory productionFactory = 
        new PojoFactory() {
            @Override 
            public Pojo getNewPojo() {
                return new Pojo();
            }
        };

A little late reply, but what I found in Notepad++ v7.8.6 is, on RMB (Right Mouse Button), on selection text, it gives an option called "Style token" where it shows "Using 1st/2nd/3rd/4th/5th style" to highlight the selected text in different pre-defined colors

For those that might be curious about the ConcreteListTypeConverter that was referenced by Oliver, here is my attempt:

public class ConcreteListTypeConverter<TInterface, TImplementation> : JsonConverter where TImplementation : TInterface 
{
    public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
    {
        return true;
    }

    public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        var res = serializer.Deserialize<List<TImplementation>>(reader);
        return res.ConvertAll(x => (TInterface) x);
    }

    public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        serializer.Serialize(writer, value);
    }
}

List<String> mockedList = mock(List.class);

List<String> l = new ArrayList();
l.add("someElement");

mockedList.addAll(l);

ArgumentCaptor<List> argumentCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(List.class);

verify(mockedList).addAll(argumentCaptor.capture());

List<String> capturedArgument = argumentCaptor.<List<String>>getValue();

assertThat(capturedArgument, hasItem("someElement"));

The creation of pdf-documents with the rails-latex-gem lead to a similar problem. I solved this by modifying layouts/application.pdf.erb to

\begin{document}

<%= yield.force_encoding("UTF-8") %>


\end{document}

Very interesting question. I think it's mainly a semantic meaning, and may also be due to historical reasons.

Although in current Android Activity and Service implementations, getApplication() and getApplicationContext() return the same object, there is no guarantee that this will always be the case (for example, in a specific vendor implementation).

So if you want the Application class you registered in the Manifest, you should never call getApplicationContext() and cast it to your application, because it may not be the application instance (which you obviously experienced with the test framework).

Why does getApplicationContext() exist in the first place ?

getApplication() is only available in the Activity class and the Service class, whereas getApplicationContext() is declared in the Context class.

That actually means one thing : when writing code in a broadcast receiver, which is not a context but is given a context in its onReceive method, you can only call getApplicationContext(). Which also means that you are not guaranteed to have access to your application in a BroadcastReceiver.

When looking at the Android code, you see that when attached, an activity receives a base context and an application, and those are different parameters. getApplicationContext() delegates it's call to baseContext.getApplicationContext().

One more thing : the documentation says that it most cases, you shouldn't need to subclass Application:

There is normally no need to subclass Application. In most situation, static singletons can provide the same functionality in a more modular way. If your singleton needs a global context (for example to register broadcast receivers), the function to retrieve it can be given a Context which internally uses Context.getApplicationContext() when first constructing the singleton.

I know this is not an exact and precise answer, but still, does that answer your question?

href is optional for a elements.

It's completely sufficient to use

<a onclick="ShowOld(2367,146986,2)">link text</a>

Had one of these as well, but the parameter of the action was an interface with no public properties. Ended up using It.Is() with a seperate method and within this method had to do some mocking of the interface

public interface IQuery
{
    IQuery SetSomeFields(string info);
}

void DoSomeQuerying(Action<IQuery> queryThing);

mockedObject.Setup(m => m.DoSomeQuerying(It.Is<Action<IQuery>>(q => MyCheckingMethod(q)));

private bool MyCheckingMethod(Action<IQuery> queryAction)
{
    var mockQuery = new Mock<IQuery>();
    mockQuery.Setup(m => m.SetSomeFields(It.Is<string>(s => s.MeetsSomeCondition())
    queryAction.Invoke(mockQuery.Object);
    mockQuery.Verify(m => m.SetSomeFields(It.Is<string>(s => s.MeetsSomeCondition(), Times.Once)
    return true
}

An optional prefix ! which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again. If a negated pattern matches, this will override lower precedence patterns sources.

http://schacon.github.com/git/gitignore.html

*.json
!spec/*.json

I think the reason may be that mock object libraries typically create mocks by dynamically creating classes at runtime (using cglib). This means they either implement an interface at runtime (that's what EasyMock does if I'm not mistaken), or they inherit from the class to mock (that's what Mockito does if I'm not mistaken). Both approaches do not work for static members, since you can't override them using inheritance.

The only way to mock statics is to modify a class' byte code at runtime, which I suppose is a little more involved than inheritance.

That's my guess at it, for what it's worth...

CPython actually implements the datetime module using both a pure-Python Lib/datetime.py and a C-optimized Modules/_datetimemodule.c. The C-optimized version cannot be patched but the pure-Python version can.

At the bottom of the pure-Python implementation in Lib/datetime.py is this code:

try:
    from _datetime import *  # <-- Import from C-optimized module.
except ImportError:
    pass

This code imports all the C-optimized definitions and effectively replaces all the pure-Python definitions. We can force CPython to use the pure-Python implementation of the datetime module by doing:

import datetime
import importlib
import sys

sys.modules["_datetime"] = None
importlib.reload(datetime)

By setting sys.modules["_datetime"] = None, we tell Python to ignore the C-optimized module. Then we reload the module which causes the import from _datetime to fail. Now the pure-Python definitions remain and can be patched normally.

If you're using Pytest then include the snippet above in conftest.py and you can patch datetime objects normally.

I know this is an older subject, however Mocking a MVC application for unit tests is something we do on very regular basis.

I just wanted to add my experiences Mocking a MVC 3 application using Moq 4 after upgrading to Visual Studio 2013. None of the unit tests were working in debug mode and the HttpContext was showing "could not evaluate expression" when trying to peek at the variables.

Turns out visual studio 2013 has issues evaluating some objects. To get debugging mocked web applications working again, I had to check the "Use Managed Compatibility Mode" in Tools=>Options=>Debugging=>General settings.

I generally do something like this:

public static class FakeHttpContext
{
    public static void SetFakeContext(this Controller controller)
    {

        var httpContext = MakeFakeContext();
        ControllerContext context =
        new ControllerContext(
        new RequestContext(httpContext,
        new RouteData()), controller);
        controller.ControllerContext = context;
    }


    private static HttpContextBase MakeFakeContext()
    {
        var context = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();
        var request = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();
        var response = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>();
        var session = new Mock<HttpSessionStateBase>();
        var server = new Mock<HttpServerUtilityBase>();
        var user = new Mock<IPrincipal>();
        var identity = new Mock<IIdentity>();

        context.Setup(c=> c.Request).Returns(request.Object);
        context.Setup(c=> c.Response).Returns(response.Object);
        context.Setup(c=> c.Session).Returns(session.Object);
        context.Setup(c=> c.Server).Returns(server.Object);
        context.Setup(c=> c.User).Returns(user.Object);
        user.Setup(c=> c.Identity).Returns(identity.Object);
        identity.Setup(i => i.IsAuthenticated).Returns(true);
        identity.Setup(i => i.Name).Returns("admin");

        return context.Object;
    }


}

And initiating the context like this

FakeHttpContext.SetFakeContext(moController);

And calling the Method in the controller straight forward

long lReportStatusID = -1;
var result = moController.CancelReport(lReportStatusID);

First of all don't make the mock static. Make it a private field. Just put your setUp class in the @Before not @BeforeClass. It might be run a bunch, but it's cheap.

Secondly, the way you have it right now is the correct way to get a mock to return something different depending on the test.

Note that in general, Mockito does allow throwing checked exceptions so long as the exception is declared in the message signature. For instance, given

class BarException extends Exception {
  // this is a checked exception
}

interface Foo {
  Bar frob() throws BarException
}

it's legal to write:

Foo foo = mock(Foo.class);
when(foo.frob()).thenThrow(BarException.class)

However, if you throw a checked exception not declared in the method signature, e.g.

class QuxException extends Exception {
  // a different checked exception
}

Foo foo = mock(Foo.class);
when(foo.frob()).thenThrow(QuxException.class)

Mockito will fail at runtime with the somewhat misleading, generic message:

Checked exception is invalid for this method!
Invalid: QuxException

This may lead you to believe that checked exceptions in general are unsupported, but in fact Mockito is only trying to tell you that this checked exception isn't valid for this method.

Some CSS :

table td, table td * {
    vertical-align: top;
}

Are you trying to do logical equality utilizing the object's .equals method? You can do this utilizing the argThat matcher that is included in Mockito

import static org.mockito.Matchers.argThat

Next you can implement your own argument matcher that will defer to each objects .equals method

private class ObjectEqualityArgumentMatcher<T> extends ArgumentMatcher<T> {
    T thisObject;

    public ObjectEqualityArgumentMatcher(T thisObject) {
        this.thisObject = thisObject;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean matches(Object argument) {
        return thisObject.equals(argument);
    }
}

Now using your code you can update it to read...

Object obj = getObject();
Mockeable mock= Mockito.mock(Mockeable.class);
Mockito.when(mock.mymethod(obj)).thenReturn(null);

Testeable obj = new Testeable();
obj.setMockeable(mock);
command.runtestmethod();

verify(mock).mymethod(argThat(new ObjectEqualityArgumentMatcher<Object>(obj)));

If you are just going for EXACT equality (same object in memory), just do

verify(mock).mymethod(obj);

This will verify it was called once.

You don't need to locate the user if you only need their country. You can look their IP address up in any IP-to-location service (like maxmind, ipregistry or ip2location). This will be accurate most of the time.

If you really need to get their location, you can get their lat/lng with that method, then query Google's or Yahoo's reverse geocoding service.

(I know this is old but I wanted to post this for people like me who stumble upon it in the future) I personally just use this python code to decode base64 strings:

print open("FILE-WITH-STRING", "rb").read().decode("base64")

So you can run it in a bash script like this:

python -c 'print open("FILE-WITH-STRING", "rb").read().decode("base64")' > outputfile
file -i outputfile

twneale has also pointed out an even simpler solution: base64 -d So you can use it like this:

cat "FILE WITH STRING" | base64 -d > OUTPUTFILE
#Or You Can Do This
echo "STRING" | base64 -d > OUTPUTFILE

That will save the decoded string to outputfile and then attempt to identify file-type using either the file tool or you can try TrID. The following command will decode the string into a file and then use TrID to automatically identify the file's type and add the extension.

echo "STRING" | base64 -d > OUTPUTFILE; trid -ce OUTPUTFILE

If you really don't have a choice for refactoring you can mock/stub everything in the super method call e.g.

    class BaseService {

        public void validate(){
            fail(" I must not be called");
        }

        public void save(){
            //Save method of super will still be called.
            validate();
        }
    }

    class ChildService extends BaseService{

        public void load(){}

        public void save(){
            super.save();
            load();
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testSave() {
        ChildService classToTest = Mockito.spy(new ChildService());

        // Prevent/stub logic in super.save()
        Mockito.doNothing().when((BaseService)classToTest).validate();

        // When
        classToTest.save();

        // Then
        verify(classToTest).load();
    }

Both Stubs and Mocks override external dependencies but the difference is

Stubs -> To Test Data

Mocks -> To Test Behavior

Fake/Dummy -> Test nothing (just override functionality with empty methods, eg replace Logger to avoid any logging noise while testing)

For googlers and completeness sake:

Here's a reference I always use when I need to go through the pain of implementing html email-templates or signatures: http://www.campaignmonitor.com/css/

I'ts a list of CSS support for most, if not all, CSS options, nicely compared between some of the most used email clients.

For centering, feel free to just use CSS (as the align attribute is deprecated in HTML 4.01).

<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
    <tr>
        <td style="text-align: center;">
            Your Content
        </td>
    </tr>
</table>

With Java 8 it is possible to create a one-line answer even with older version of Mockito:

when(myMock.myFunction(anyString()).then(i -> i.getArgumentAt(0, String.class));

Of course this is not as useful as using AdditionalAnswers suggested by David Wallace, but might be useful if you want to transform argument "on the fly".

There are plenty of answers on SO and good posts on the web about mocking. One place that you might want to start looking is the post by Martin Fowler Mocks Aren't Stubs where he discusses a lot of the ideas of mocking.

In one paragraph - Mocking is one particlar technique to allow testing of a unit of code with out being reliant upon dependencies. In general, what differentiates mocking from other methods is that mock objects used to replace code dependencies will allow expectations to be set - a mock object will know how it is meant to be called by your code and how to respond.

Your original question mentioned TypeMock, so I've left my answer to that below:

TypeMock is the name of a commercial mocking framework.

It offers all the features of the free mocking frameworks like RhinoMocks and Moq, plus some more powerful options.

Whether or not you need TypeMock is highly debatable - you can do most mocking you would ever want with free mocking libraries, and many argue that the abilities offered by TypeMock will often lead you away from well encapsulated design.

As another answer stated 'TypeMocking' is not actually a defined concept, but could be taken to mean the type of mocking that TypeMock offers, using the CLR profiler to intercept .Net calls at runtime, giving much greater ability to fake objects (not requirements such as needing interfaces or virtual methods).

Test whether something exists at given path using the -e file-test operator.

print "$base_path exists!\n" if -e $base_path;

However, this test is probably broader than you intend. The code above will generate output if a plain file exists at that path, but it will also fire for a directory, a named pipe, a symlink, or a more exotic possibility. See the documentation for details.

Given the extension of .TGZ in your question, it seems that you expect a plain file rather than the alternatives. The -f file-test operator asks whether a path leads to a plain file.

print "$base_path is a plain file!\n" if -f $base_path;

The perlfunc documentation covers the long list of Perl's file-test operators that covers many situations you will encounter in practice.

• -r
  File is readable by effective uid/gid.
• -w
  File is writable by effective uid/gid.
• -x
  File is executable by effective uid/gid.
• -o
  File is owned by effective uid.
• -R
  File is readable by real uid/gid.
• -W
  File is writable by real uid/gid.
• -X
  File is executable by real uid/gid.
• -O
  File is owned by real uid.
• -e
  File exists.
• -z
  File has zero size (is empty).
• -s
  File has nonzero size (returns size in bytes).
• -f
  File is a plain file.
• -d
  File is a directory.
• -l
  File is a symbolic link (false if symlinks aren’t supported by the file system).
• -p
  File is a named pipe (FIFO), or Filehandle is a pipe.
• -S
  File is a socket.
• -b
  File is a block special file.
• -c
  File is a character special file.
• -t
  Filehandle is opened to a tty.
• -u
  File has setuid bit set.
• -g
  File has setgid bit set.
• -k
  File has sticky bit set.
• -T
  File is an ASCII or UTF-8 text file (heuristic guess).
• -B
  File is a “binary” file (opposite of -T).
• -M
  Script start time minus file modification time, in days.
• -A
  Same for access time.
• -C
  Same for inode change time (Unix, may differ for other platforms)

Make use of the very convenient and free interactive location simulator for Android phones and tablets (named CATLES). It mocks the GPS-location on a system-wide level (even within the Google Maps or Facebook apps) and it works on physical as well as virtual devices:

Website: http://ubicom.snet.tu-berlin.de/catles/index.html

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WSwH5gK7yg

If you're using spring >= 3.0, try using Springs @Configuration annotation to define part of the application context

@Configuration
@ImportResource("com/blah/blurk/rest-of-config.xml")
public class DaoTestConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public ApplicationService applicationService() {
        return mock(ApplicationService.class);
    }

}

If you don't want to use the @ImportResource, it can be done the other way around too:

<beans>
    <!-- rest of your config -->

    <!-- the container recognize this as a Configuration and adds it's beans 
         to the container -->
    <bean class="com.package.DaoTestConfiguration"/>
</beans>

For more information, have a look at spring-framework-reference : Java-based container configuration

You can't "directly" mock static method (hence extension method) with mocking framework. You can try Moles (http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/pex/downloads.aspx), a free tool from Microsoft that implements a different approach. Here is the description of the tool:

Moles is a lightweight framework for test stubs and detours in .NET that is based on delegates.

Moles may be used to detour any .NET method, including non-virtual/static methods in sealed types.

You can use Moles with any testing framework (it's independent about that).

First of all: you should always import mockito static, this way the code will be much more readable (and intuitive):

import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

For partial mocking and still keeping original functionality on the rest mockito offers "Spy".

You can use it as follows:

private World world = spy(new World());

To eliminate a method from being executed you could use something like this:

doNothing().when(someObject).someMethod(anyObject());

to give some custom behaviour to a method use "when" with an "thenReturn":

doReturn("something").when(this.world).someMethod(anyObject());

For more examples please find the excellent mockito samples in the doc.

This should work

import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;

verify(bar).DoStuff(any(Foo[].class));

I agree that one shouldn't suppress warnings in classes or methods as one could overlook other, accidentally suppressed warnings. But IMHO it's absolutely reasonable to suppress a warning that affects only a single line of code.

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Foo<Bar> mockFoo = mock(Foo.class);

Not sure if I completely understand the question, but you can modify instance properties at runtime with the built-in __dict__ of your class:

class C(object):
    def __init__(self, ks, vs):
        self.__dict__ = dict(zip(ks, vs))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    ks = ['ab', 'cd']
    vs = [12, 34]
    c = C(ks, vs)
    print(c.ab) # 12

The way to do this has changed in mock 0.7.0 which finally supports mocking the python protocol methods (magic methods), particularly using the MagicMock:

http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/magicmock.html

An example of mocking open as a context manager (from the examples page in the mock documentation):

>>> open_name = '%s.open' % __name__
>>> with patch(open_name, create=True) as mock_open:
...     mock_open.return_value = MagicMock(spec=file)
...
...     with open('/some/path', 'w') as f:
...         f.write('something')
...
<mock.Mock object at 0x...>
>>> file_handle = mock_open.return_value.__enter__.return_value
>>> file_handle.write.assert_called_with('something')

One more possibility, if you don't want to use ArgumentCaptor (for example, because you're also using stubbing), is to use Hamcrest Matchers in combination with Mockito.

import org.mockito.Mockito
import org.hamcrest.Matchers
...

Mockito.verify(mockedObject).someMethodOnMockedObject(MockitoHamcrest.argThat(
    Matchers.<SomeObjectAsArgument>hasProperty("propertyName", desiredValue)));

Assuming your test classes are in the same package (under a different source root) as your classes under test you can simply create the mock:

YourClass yourObject = mock(YourClass.class);

and call the methods you want to test just as you would any other method.

You need to provide expectations for each method that is called with the expectation on any concrete methods calling the super method - not sure how you'd do that with Mockito, but I believe it's possible with EasyMock.

All this is doing is creating a concrete instance of YouClass and saving you the effort of providing empty implementations of each abstract method.

As an aside, I often find it useful to implement the abstract class in my test, where it serves as an example implementation that I test via its public interface, although this does depend on the functionality provided by the abstract class.

This is documentation from Moq site:

// out arguments
var outString = "ack";
// TryParse will return true, and the out argument will return "ack", lazy evaluated
mock.Setup(foo => foo.TryParse("ping", out outString)).Returns(true);


// ref arguments
var instance = new Bar();
// Only matches if the ref argument to the invocation is the same instance
mock.Setup(foo => foo.Submit(ref instance)).Returns(true);

The generic Returns<T> method can handle this situation nicely.

_mock.Setup(x => x.DoSomething(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns<string>(x => x);

Or if the method requires multiple inputs, specify them like so:

_mock.Setup(x => x.DoSomething(It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<int>())).Returns((string x, int y) => x);

Here's a collection of scripts: http://webtecker.com/2008/03/26/collection-of-password-strength-scripts/

I think both of them rate the password and don't use jQuery... but I don't know if they have native support for disabling the form?

(np.where(np.isnan(A)))[0].shape[0] will be greater than 0 if A contains at least one element of nan, A could be an n x m matrix.

Example:

import numpy as np

A = np.array([1,2,4,np.nan])

if (np.where(np.isnan(A)))[0].shape[0]: 
    print "A contains nan"
else:
    print "A does not contain nan"

WAITFOR DELAY 'HH:MM:SS'

I believe the maximum time this can wait for is 23 hours, 59 minutes and 59 seconds.

Here's a Scalar-valued function to show it's use; the below function will take an integer parameter of seconds, which it then translates into HH:MM:SS and executes it using the EXEC sp_executesql @sqlcode command to query. Below function is for demonstration only, i know it's not fit for purpose really as a scalar-valued function! :-)

    CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[ufn_DelayFor_MaxTimeIs24Hours]
    (
    @sec int
    )
    RETURNS
    nvarchar(4)
    AS
    BEGIN


    declare @hours int = @sec / 60 / 60
    declare @mins int = (@sec / 60) - (@hours * 60)
    declare @secs int = (@sec - ((@hours * 60) * 60)) - (@mins * 60)


    IF @hours > 23 
    BEGIN
    select @hours = 23
    select @mins = 59
    select @secs = 59
    -- 'maximum wait time is 23 hours, 59 minutes and 59 seconds.'
    END


    declare @sql nvarchar(24) = 'WAITFOR DELAY '+char(39)+cast(@hours as nvarchar(2))+':'+CAST(@mins as nvarchar(2))+':'+CAST(@secs as nvarchar(2))+char(39)


    exec sp_executesql @sql

    return ''
    END

IF you wish to delay longer than 24 hours, I suggest you use a @Days parameter to go for a number of days and wrap the function executable inside a loop... e.g..

    Declare @Days int = 5
    Declare @CurrentDay int = 1

    WHILE @CurrentDay <= @Days
    BEGIN

    --24 hours, function will run for 23 hours, 59 minutes, 59 seconds per run.
    [ufn_DelayFor_MaxTimeIs24Hours] 86400

    SELECT @CurrentDay = @CurrentDay + 1
    END

What is unittesting? It is tricky to define. On a technical level, you build functions that call functions in your codebase and validate the results. Basically, you get a bunch of things like "assert(5+3) == 8", just more complicated (as in DataLayer(MockDatabase()).getUser().name == "Dilbert"). On a tool-view-level, you add an automated, project-specific check if everything still works like you assumed things worked. This is very, very helpful if you refactor and if you implement complicated algorithms. The result generally is a bunch of documentation and a lot less bugs, because the behaviour of the code is pinned down.

I build test cases for all the edge cases and run them similar to the workings of a generational garbage collector. While I implement a class, I only run the test cases that involve the class. Once I am done with working on that class, I run all unittests in order to see if everything still works.

You should test as much as possible, as long as the test code is easy enough to stay untested. Given that, no, not everything is testable in a sane way. Think User interfaces. Think a driver for a space shuttle or a nuclear bomb (at least not with pure JUnit-tests ;) ). However, lots and lots of code is testable. Datastructures are. Algorithms are. Most Applicationlogic-classes are. So test it!

HTH. tetha

This is what I have done, it also works around the package issue and it works with checked out code.

I created a new folder in the project in my case I used repo, but feel free to use src/repo

In my POM I had a dependency that is not in any public maven repositories

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.dovetail</groupId>
    <artifactId>zoslog4j</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.1</version>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

I then created the following directories repo/com/dovetail/zoslog4j/1.0.1 and copied the JAR file into that folder.

I created the following POM file to represent the downloaded file (this step is optional, but it removes a WARNING) and helps the next guy figure out where I got the file to begin with.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.dovetail</groupId>
    <artifactId>zoslog4j</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <version>1.0.1</version>
    <name>z/OS Log4J Appenders</name>
    <url>http://dovetail.com/downloads/misc/index.html</url>
    <description>Apache Log4j Appender for z/OS Logstreams, files, etc.</description>
</project>

Two optional files I create are the SHA1 checksums for the POM and the JAR to remove the missing checksum warnings.

shasum -b < repo/com/dovetail/zoslog4j/1.0.1/zoslog4j-1.0.1.jar \
          > repo/com/dovetail/zoslog4j/1.0.1/zoslog4j-1.0.1.jar.sha1

shasum -b < repo/com/dovetail/zoslog4j/1.0.1/zoslog4j-1.0.1.pom \
          > repo/com/dovetail/zoslog4j/1.0.1/zoslog4j-1.0.1.pom.sha1

Finally I add the following fragment to my pom.xml that allows me to refer to the local repository

<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>project</id>
        <url>file:///${basedir}/repo</url>
    </repository>
</repositories>

deferred.done()

adds handlers to be called only when Deferred is resolved. You can add multiple callbacks to be called.

var url = 'http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1';
$.ajax(url).done(doneCallback);

function doneCallback(result) {
    console.log('Result 1 ' + result);
}

You can also write above like this,

function ajaxCall() {
    var url = 'http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1';
    return $.ajax(url);
}

$.when(ajaxCall()).then(doneCallback, failCallback);

deferred.then()

adds handlers to be called when Deferred is resolved, rejected or still in progress.

var url = 'http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1';
$.ajax(url).then(doneCallback, failCallback);

function doneCallback(result) {
    console.log('Result ' + result);
}

function failCallback(result) {
    console.log('Result ' + result);
}

Your Code is:

FROM
 dbo.Employees
TO
 exe.Employees

I tried with this query.

ALTER SCHEMA exe TRANSFER dbo.Employees

Just write create schema exe and execute it

A good seed initialisation can be done like this

Random rnd = new Random((int)DateTime.Now.Ticks);

The ticks will be unique and the cast into a int with probably a loose of value will be OK.

It can be changed in the $CATALINA_BASE/conf/server.xml in the <Host />. See the Tomcat documentation, specifically the section in regards to the Host container:

Tomcat 6 Configuration

Tomcat 7 Configuration

The default is webapps relative to the $CATALINA_BASE. An absolute pathname can be used.

Hope that helps.

Delete:

C:\Documents and Settings\%Your Username%\Application Data\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\Shell\mru.dat"

So if the issue is you just created a website and your clients or any given ISP DNS is cached and doesn't show new site yet. Yes all the other stuff applies ipconfig reset browser etc. BUT here's an Idea and something I do from time to time. You can set an alternate network ISP's DNS in the tcpip properties on the NIC properties. So if your ISP is say telstra and it hasn't propagated or updated you can specify an alternate service providers dns there. if that isp dns is updated before your native one hey presto you will see new site.But there is lots of other tricks you can do to determine propagation and get mail to work prior to the DNS updating. drop me a line if any one wants to chat.

If you want to replace any node value you can do like this

JSONObject json = new JSONObject(str);
String xml = XML.toString(json);
xml.replace("old value", "new value");

For Python 3, it is best to use imread in matplotlib.pyplot:

from matplotlib.pyplot import imread

Another cause is accidentally putting the data=... inside the aes(...) instead of outside:

RIGHT:
ggplot(data=df[df$var7=='9-06',], aes(x=lifetime,y=rep_rate,group=mdcp,color=mdcp) ...)

WRONG:
ggplot(aes(data=df[df$var7=='9-06',],x=lifetime,y=rep_rate,group=mdcp,color=mdcp) ...)

In particular this can happen when you prototype your plot command with qplot(), which doesn't use an explicit aes(), then edit/copy-and-paste it into a ggplot()

qplot(data=..., x=...,y=..., ...)

ggplot(data=..., aes(x=...,y=...,...))

It's a pity ggplot's error message isn't Missing 'data' argument! instead of this cryptic nonsense, because that's what this message often means.

Enabling Hyper-V in Windows Features solved the problem: Windows Features

use strstr php function twice.

$value = "This is a great day to be alive";
$value = strstr($value, "is"); //gets all text from needle on
$value = strstr($value, "be", true); //gets all text before needle
echo $value;

outputs: "is a great day to"

Yes, you can do this quite easily. Click on your project in the project explorer or Navigator, go to the Search menu at the top, click File..., input your search string, and make sure that 'Selected Resources' or 'Enclosing Projects' is selected, then hit search. The alternative way to open the window is with Ctrl-H. This may depend on your keyboard accelerator configuration.

More details: http://www.ehow.com/how_4742705_file-eclipse.html and http://www.avajava.com/tutorials/lessons/how-do-i-do-a-find-and-replace-in-multiple-files-in-eclipse.html

_{(source: avajava.com)}

Using map:

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>

enum Errors {ErrorA=0, ErrorB, ErrorC};

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Errors value){
    static std::map<Errors, std::string> strings;
    if (strings.size() == 0){
#define INSERT_ELEMENT(p) strings[p] = #p
        INSERT_ELEMENT(ErrorA);     
        INSERT_ELEMENT(ErrorB);     
        INSERT_ELEMENT(ErrorC);             
#undef INSERT_ELEMENT
    }   

    return out << strings[value];
}

int main(int argc, char** argv){
    std::cout << ErrorA << std::endl << ErrorB << std::endl << ErrorC << std::endl;
    return 0;   
}

Using array of structures with linear search:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

enum Errors {ErrorA=0, ErrorB, ErrorC};

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Errors value){
#define MAPENTRY(p) {p, #p}
    const struct MapEntry{
        Errors value;
        const char* str;
    } entries[] = {
        MAPENTRY(ErrorA),
        MAPENTRY(ErrorB),
        MAPENTRY(ErrorC),
        {ErrorA, 0}//doesn't matter what is used instead of ErrorA here...
    };
#undef MAPENTRY
    const char* s = 0;
    for (const MapEntry* i = entries; i->str; i++){
        if (i->value == value){
            s = i->str;
            break;
        }
    }

    return out << s;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv){
    std::cout << ErrorA << std::endl << ErrorB << std::endl << ErrorC << std::endl;
    return 0;   
}

Using switch/case:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

enum Errors {ErrorA=0, ErrorB, ErrorC};

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Errors value){
    const char* s = 0;
#define PROCESS_VAL(p) case(p): s = #p; break;
    switch(value){
        PROCESS_VAL(ErrorA);     
        PROCESS_VAL(ErrorB);     
        PROCESS_VAL(ErrorC);
    }
#undef PROCESS_VAL

    return out << s;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv){
    std::cout << ErrorA << std::endl << ErrorB << std::endl << ErrorC << std::endl;
    return 0;   
}

For your question, Jeff Atwood had already given the simple and effective solution. But, if you are looking for some alternative approach to calculate the median, below SQL code will help you.

create table employees(salary int);_x000D_
_x000D_
insert into employees values(8); insert into employees values(23); insert into employees values(45); insert into employees values(123); insert into employees values(93); insert into employees values(2342); insert into employees values(2238);_x000D_
_x000D_
select * from employees;_x000D_
_x000D_
declare @odd_even int; declare @cnt int; declare @middle_no int;_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
set @cnt=(select count(*) from employees); set @middle_no=(@cnt/2)+1; select @odd_even=case when (@cnt%2=0) THEN -1 ELse 0 END ;_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
 select AVG(tbl.salary) from  (select  salary,ROW_NUMBER() over (order by salary) as rno from employees group by salary) tbl  where tbl.rno=@middle_no or tbl.rno=@middle_no+@odd_even;

If you are looking to calculate median in MySQL, this github link will be useful.

Your code is

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', 'myapp.views.home'),
    url(r'^contact/$', 'myapp.views.contact'),
    url(r'^login/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.login'),
]

change it to following as you're importing include() function :

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.home),
    url(r'^contact/$', views.contact),
    url(r'^login/$', views.login),
]

Check this answer for C++11. Basically, if you pass an lvalue the rvalue reference

From this article:

void f1(String s) {
    vector<String> v;
    v.push_back(std::move(s));
}
void f2(const String &s) {
    vector<String> v;
    v.push_back(s);
}

"For lvalue argument, ‘f1’ has one extra copy to pass the argument because it is by-value, while ‘f2’ has one extra copy to call push_back. So no difference; for rvalue argument, the compiler has to create a temporary ‘String(L“”)’ and pass the temporary to ‘f1’ or ‘f2’ anyway. Because ‘f2’ can take advantage of move ctor when the argument is a temporary (which is an rvalue), the costs to pass the argument are the same now for ‘f1’ and ‘f2’."

Continuing: " This means in C++11 we can get better performance by using pass-by-value approach when:

1. The parameter type supports move semantics - All standard library components do in C++11
2. The cost of move constructor is much cheaper than the copy constructor (both the time and stack usage).
3. Inside the function, the parameter type will be passed to another function or operation which supports both copy and move.
4. It is common to pass a temporary as the argument - You can organize you code to do this more.

"

OTOH, for C++98 it is best to pass by reference - less data gets copied around. Passing const or non const depend of whether you need to change the argument or not.

SQLFiddle will let you test out your queries, while it doesn't explicitly correct syntax etc. per se it does let you play around with the script and will definitely let you know if things are working or not.

Firstly, I don't think spaces for an id is valid.

So i'd change the id to not include spaces.

<label year="2010" month="6" id="currentMonth"> June &nbsp;2010</label>

then the jquery code is simple (keep in mind, its better to fetch the jquery object once and use over and over agian)

var label = $('#currentMonth');
var month = label.attr('month');
var year = label.attr('year');
var text = label.text();

You can do as yAnTar advised

ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME ADD Id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY

OR

You can add a constraint

ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME ADD CONSTRAINT constr_ID UNIQUE (user_id, game_id, date, time)

But I think to not lose your existing data, you can add an indentity column and then make a composite key.

curl's --data will by default send Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded in the request header. However, when using Postman's raw body mode, Postman sends Content-Type: text/plain in the request header.

So to achieve the same thing as Postman, specify -H "Content-Type: text/plain" for curl:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: text/plain" --data "this is raw data" http://78.41.xx.xx:7778/

Note that if you want to watch the full request sent by Postman, you can enable debugging for packed app. Check this link for all instructions. Then you can inspect the app (right-click in Postman) and view all requests sent from Postman in the network tab :

The suggested answers here, including the accepted answer from rerezz which suggest adding multiple route entries work fine.

However the component will be recreated when changing between the route entries, i.e. between the route entry with the parameter and the entry without the parameter.

If you want to avoid this, you can create your own route matcher which will match both routes:

export function userPageMatcher(segments: UrlSegment[]): UrlMatchResult {
    if (segments.length > 0 && segments[0].path === 'user') {
        if (segments.length === 1) {
            return {
                consumed: segments,
                posParams: {},
            };
        }
        if (segments.length === 2) {
            return {
                consumed: segments,
                posParams: { id: segments[1] },
            };
        }
        return <UrlMatchResult>(null as any);
    }
    return <UrlMatchResult>(null as any);
 }

Then use the matcher in your route config:

const routes: Routes = [
    {
        matcher: userPageMatcher,
        component: User,
    }
];

Look here for details.

private PerformanceCounter cpuCounter;
private PerformanceCounter ramCounter;
public Form1()
{
    InitializeComponent();
    InitialiseCPUCounter();
    InitializeRAMCounter();
    updateTimer.Start();
}

private void updateTimer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    this.textBox1.Text = "CPU Usage: " +
    Convert.ToInt32(cpuCounter.NextValue()).ToString() +
    "%";

    this.textBox2.Text = Convert.ToInt32(ramCounter.NextValue()).ToString()+"Mb";
}

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}

private void InitialiseCPUCounter()
{
    cpuCounter = new PerformanceCounter(
    "Processor",
    "% Processor Time",
    "_Total",
    true
    );
}

private void InitializeRAMCounter()
{
    ramCounter = new PerformanceCounter("Memory", "Available MBytes", true);

}

If you get value as 0 it need to call NextValue() twice. Then it gives the actual value of CPU usage. See more details here.

Steps for Using Group by,Having By and Order by...

Select Attitude ,count(*) from Person
group by person
HAving PersonAttitude='cool and friendly'
Order by PersonName.

open is only for another module for example: cocoa pods, or unit test, we can inherit or override

There is a solution to this if you really need a static access to the current context. In Startup.Configure(….)

app.Use(async (httpContext, next) =>
{
    CallContext.LogicalSetData("CurrentContextKey", httpContext);
    try
    {
        await next();
    }
    finally
    {
        CallContext.FreeNamedDataSlot("CurrentContextKey");
    }
});

And when you need it you can get it with :

HttpContext context = CallContext.LogicalGetData("CurrentContextKey") as HttpContext;

I hope that helps. Keep in mind this workaround is when you don’t have a choice. The best practice is to use de dependency injection.

As for me the solution could be a macro to make it explicitly inline and thus fast enough. It also works for any float type. It bases on the fact that the only case when a value is not equals itself is when the value is not a number.

#ifndef isnan
  #define isnan(a) (a != a)
#endif

public OnClickListener moreListener = new OnClickListener() {

    @Override
      public void onClick(View v) {
          adapter.add("aaaa")
      }
}

I seem to have a blind spot as regards your html structure, but I think that this is what you're looking for. It should find the currently-selected option from the select input, assign its text to the newVal variable and then apply that variable to the value attribute of the #costLabel label:

jQuery

$(document).ready(
  function() {
    $('select[name=package]').change(
      function(){
        var newText = $('option:selected',this).text();
        $('#costLabel').text('Total price: ' + newText);
      }
      );
  }
  );

html:

  <form name="thisForm" id="thisForm" action="#" method="post">
  <fieldset>
    <select name="package" id="package">
        <option value="standard">Standard - &euro;55 Monthly</option>
        <option value="standardAnn">Standard - &euro;49 Monthly</option>            
        <option value="premium">Premium - &euro;99 Monthly</option>
        <option value="premiumAnn" selected="selected">Premium - &euro;89 Monthly</option>            
        <option value="platinum">Platinum - &euro;149 Monthly</option>
        <option value="platinumAnn">Platinum - &euro;134 Monthly</option>   
    </select>
  </fieldset>
    
    <fieldset>
      <label id="costLabel" name="costLabel">Total price: </label>
    </fieldset>
  </form>

Working demo of the above at: JS Bin

You can add the buttons to your toolbar by clicking the little drop down arrow to the right of the last toolbar button, select "Add or Remove Buttons" and then click the buttons you want to add a tick to them. The button(s) you select will appear on your toolbar ...

Then you just select text and click the Increase Indent or Decrease Indent buttons. I tested this on Visual Studio 2013 only.

You will get this error when you call any of the setXxx() methods on PreparedStatement, while the SQL query string does not have any placeholders ? for this.

For example this is wrong:

String sql = "INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2, col3) VALUES (val1, val2, val3)";
// ...

preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setString(1, val1); // Fail.
preparedStatement.setString(2, val2);
preparedStatement.setString(3, val3);

You need to fix the SQL query string accordingly to specify the placeholders.

String sql = "INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2, col3) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
// ...

preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setString(1, val1);
preparedStatement.setString(2, val2);
preparedStatement.setString(3, val3);

Note the parameter index starts with 1 and that you do not need to quote those placeholders like so:

String sql = "INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2, col3) VALUES ('?', '?', '?')";

Otherwise you will still get the same exception, because the SQL parser will then interpret them as the actual string values and thus can't find the placeholders anymore.

See also:

• JDBC tutorial - prepared statements

There is a library called NineOldAndroids, which allows you to use the Honeycomb animation library all the way down to version one.

This means you can define left, right, translationX/Y with a slightly different interface.

Here is how it works:

ViewHelper.setTranslationX(view, 50f);

You just use the static methods from the ViewHelper class, pass the view and which ever value you want to set it to.

Here is a way to get a string variable without having to worry about the coding.

If you have Mozilla Thunderbird, you can use it to fetch the html image code for you.

I wrote a little tutorial here, complete with a screenshot (it's for powershell, but that doesn't matter for this):

powershell email with html picture showing red x

And again:

How to embed images in email

IndexedTreeSet from the indexed-tree-map project provides this functionality (ordered/sorted set with list-like access by index).

Did you write return true somewhere? You should have written it, otherwise function returns nothing and program may think that it's false, too.

function isValid(str) {
    var iChars = "~`!#$%^&*+=-[]\\\';,/{}|\":<>?";

    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
       if (iChars.indexOf(str.charAt(i)) != -1) {
           alert ("File name has special characters ~`!#$%^&*+=-[]\\\';,/{}|\":<>? \nThese are not allowed\n");
           return false;
       }
    }
    return true;
}

I tried this in my chrome console and it worked well.

Here's a template to do it for you:

template<typename T>
void removeDuplicates(std::vector<T>& vec)
{
    std::sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
    vec.erase(std::unique(vec.begin(), vec.end()), vec.end());
}

call it like:

removeDuplicates<int>(vectorname);

Why not show the year or month selection boxes?

$( ".datefield" ).datepicker({
    changeMonth: true,
    changeYear: true,
    yearRange:'-90:+0'
});

This is what it worked for me (in Objective-C):

    - (void)scrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)scrollView{

        NSString *direction = ([scrollView.panGestureRecognizer translationInView:scrollView.superview].y >0)?@"up":@"down";
        NSLog(@"%@",direction);
    }

If you are using Statement, go for the following

//MY_NUMBER is the column name in the database 
String generatedColumns[] = {"MY_NUMBER"};
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();

//String sql holds the insert query
stmt.executeUpdate(sql, generatedColumns);

ResultSet rs = stmt.getGeneratedKeys();

// The generated id

if(rs.next())
long key = rs.getLong(1);

If you are using PreparedStatement, go for the following

String generatedColumns[] = {"MY_NUMBER"};
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql,generatedColumns);
pstmt.setString(1, "qwerty");

pstmt.execute();
ResultSet rs = pstmt.getGeneratedKeys();
if(rs.next())
long key = rs.getLong(1);

Try this:

#wrapper {
    text-align: center;
}

#wrapper iframe {
    display: inline-block;
}

If you are testing the server in localhost your Android device must be connected to the same local network. Then the Server URL used by your APP must include your computer IP Address and not the "localhost" mask.

height:100% works if the parent container has a specified height property else, it won't work

Option 1:

NSString *haystack = @"value:hello World:value";
NSString *haystackPrefix = @"value:";
NSString *haystackSuffix = @":value";
NSRange needleRange = NSMakeRange(haystackPrefix.length,
                                  haystack.length - haystackPrefix.length - haystackSuffix.length);
NSString *needle = [haystack substringWithRange:needleRange];
NSLog(@"needle: %@", needle); // -> "hello World"

Option 2:

NSRegularExpression *regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"^value:(.+?):value$" options:0 error:nil];
NSTextCheckingResult *match = [regex firstMatchInString:haystack options:NSAnchoredSearch range:NSMakeRange(0, haystack.length)];
NSRange needleRange = [match rangeAtIndex: 1];
NSString *needle = [haystack substringWithRange:needleRange];

This one might be a bit over the top for your rather trivial case though.

Option 3:

NSString *needle = [haystack componentsSeparatedByString:@":"][1];

This one creates three temporary strings and an array while splitting.

All snippets assume that what's searched for is actually contained in the string.

above application.properties worked amazing for me:

spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.ssl.trust=smtp.gmail.com

Try this:

<?php
header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found");
?>

Try this:

Sub ResetFilters()
    Dim ws                    As Worksheet
    Dim wb                    As Workbook
    Dim listObj               As ListObject

    For Each ws In ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets
        For Each listObj In ws.ListObjects
            If listObj.ShowHeaders Then
                listObj.AutoFilter.ShowAllData
                listObj.Sort.SortFields.Clear
            End If
        Next listObj
    Next ws
End Sub

This Code clears all filters and removes sorting.

Source: Removing Filters for Each Table in a Workbook, VBA

• Fold All:

  • Windows: Ctrl + K + 0
  • Mac: ? + K + 0

• Unfold All:

  • Windows: Ctrl + K + J
  • Mac: ? + K + J

To see all available shortcuts in the editor:

• Windows: Ctrl + K + S
• Mac: ? + K + S

All shortcuts kept up to date by the Visual Studio Code team: Visual Studio Code Shortcuts

I modified Jayram Singh's post slightly in order to replace every instance of a '!' character to a number which I wanted to increment with each instance. Thought it might be helpful to someone who wanted to modify a character that occurred more than once per line and wanted to iterate. Hope that helps someone. PS- I'm very new at coding so apologies if my post is inappropriate in any way, but this worked for me.

f1 = open('file1.txt', 'r')
f2 = open('file2.txt', 'w')
n = 1  

# if word=='!'replace w/ [n] & increment n; else append same word to     
# file2

for line in f1:
    for word in line:
        if word == '!':
            f2.write(word.replace('!', f'[{n}]'))
            n += 1
        else:
            f2.write(word)
f1.close()
f2.close()

Tomcat (Headless) can be integrated with IntelliJ Idea - Community edition.

Step-by-step instructions are as below:

1. Add tomcatX-maven-plugin to pom.xml

   <build>
       <plugins>
           <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <path>SampleProject</path>
                </configuration>
           </plugin>
       </plugins>
   </build>
   

2. Add new run configuration as below:

   Run >> Edit Configurations >> + >> Maven
   
   Parameters tab ...
   Name :: Tomcat
   Working Directory :: Project Root Directory
   Command Line :: tomcat7:run
   
   Runner tab ...
   VM Options :: <user needed options>
   JRE :: <project needed>
   

3. Invoke Tomcat in Run/Debug mode directly from IntelliJ Run >> Run/Debug menu

NOTE: Though this is considered a hacking of using using Tomcat integration features of IntelliJ - Enterprise version features, but I would consider this a programmatic way integrating tomcat to the IntelliJ Idea - community edition.

First follow this procedure:

Log in on A as user a and generate a pair of authentication keys. Do not enter a passphrase:

a@A:~> ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/a/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/home/a/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /home/a/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/a/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
3e:4f:05:79:3a:9f:96:7c:3b:ad:e9:58:37:bc:37:e4 a@A

Now use ssh to create a directory ~/.ssh as user b on B. (The directory may already exist, which is fine):

a@A:~> ssh b@B mkdir -p .ssh
b@B's password: 

Finally append a's new public key to b@B:.ssh/authorized_keys and enter b's password one last time:

a@A:~> cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh b@B 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
b@B's password: 

From now on you can log into B as b from A as a without password:

a@A:~> ssh b@B

then this will work without entering a password

ssh b@B "cd /some/directory; program-to-execute &"

get_woocommerce_term_meta is depricated since Woo 3.6.0.

so change

$thumbnail_id = get_woocommerce_term_meta($value->term_id, 'thumbnail_id', true );

into: ($value->term_id should be woo category id)

get_term_meta($value->term_id, 'thumbnail_id', true)

see docs for details: https://docs.woocommerce.com/wc-apidocs/function-get_woocommerce_term_meta.html

Yes, it is legal to have a primary key being a foreign key. This is a rare construct, but it applies for:

• a 1:1 relation. The two tables cannot be merged in one because of different permissions and privileges only apply at table level (as of 2017, such a database would be odd).

• a 1:0..1 relation. Profile may or may not exist, depending on the user type.

• performance is an issue, and the design acts as a partition: the profile table is rarely accessed, hosted on a separate disk or has a different sharding policy as compared to the users table. Would not make sense if the underlining storage is columnar.

Here's the code I put together based on example from this blog: LINK and this source: LINK.

import com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Iterator;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.AuthenticationException;
import javax.naming.NamingEnumeration;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
import javax.naming.directory.Attribute;
import javax.naming.directory.Attributes;
import javax.naming.directory.DirContext;
import javax.naming.directory.SearchControls;
import javax.naming.directory.SearchResult;
import static javax.naming.directory.SearchControls.SUBTREE_SCOPE;

class App2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        if (args.length != 4 && args.length != 2) {
            System.out.println("Purpose: authenticate user against Active Directory and list group membership.");
            System.out.println("Usage: App2 <username> <password> <domain> <server>");
            System.out.println("Short usage: App2 <username> <password>");
            System.out.println("(short usage assumes 'xyz.tld' as domain and 'abc' as server)");
            System.exit(1);
        }

        String domainName;
        String serverName;

        if (args.length == 4) {
            domainName = args[2];
            serverName = args[3];
        } else {
            domainName = "xyz.tld";
            serverName = "abc";
        }

        String username = args[0];
        String password = args[1];

        System.out
                .println("Authenticating " + username + "@" + domainName + " through " + serverName + "." + domainName);

        // bind by using the specified username/password
        Hashtable props = new Hashtable();
        String principalName = username + "@" + domainName;
        props.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, principalName);
        props.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, password);
        DirContext context;

        try {
            context = LdapCtxFactory.getLdapCtxInstance("ldap://" + serverName + "." + domainName + '/', props);
            System.out.println("Authentication succeeded!");

            // locate this user's record
            SearchControls controls = new SearchControls();
            controls.setSearchScope(SUBTREE_SCOPE);
            NamingEnumeration<SearchResult> renum = context.search(toDC(domainName),
                    "(& (userPrincipalName=" + principalName + ")(objectClass=user))", controls);
            if (!renum.hasMore()) {
                System.out.println("Cannot locate user information for " + username);
                System.exit(1);
            }
            SearchResult result = renum.next();

            List<String> groups = new ArrayList<String>();
            Attribute memberOf = result.getAttributes().get("memberOf");
            if (memberOf != null) {// null if this user belongs to no group at all
                for (int i = 0; i < memberOf.size(); i++) {
                    Attributes atts = context.getAttributes(memberOf.get(i).toString(), new String[] { "CN" });
                    Attribute att = atts.get("CN");
                    groups.add(att.get().toString());
                }
            }

            context.close();

            System.out.println();
            System.out.println("User belongs to: ");
            Iterator ig = groups.iterator();
            while (ig.hasNext()) {
                System.out.println("   " + ig.next());
            }

        } catch (AuthenticationException a) {
            System.out.println("Authentication failed: " + a);
            System.exit(1);
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            System.out.println("Failed to bind to LDAP / get account information: " + e);
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    private static String toDC(String domainName) {
        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
        for (String token : domainName.split("\\.")) {
            if (token.length() == 0)
                continue; // defensive check
            if (buf.length() > 0)
                buf.append(",");
            buf.append("DC=").append(token);
        }
        return buf.toString();
    }

}

Select the range, press CONTROL+U and then press ?+RETURN.

Created a directive (ng-repeat with lazy loading) 

which loads data when it reaches to bottom of the page and remove half of the previously loaded data and when it reaches to top of the div again previous data(depending upon on page number) will be loaded removing half of the current data So on DOM at a time only limited data is present which may leads to better performance instead of rendering whole data on load.

HTML CODE:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="plunker">

  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>AngularJS Plunker</title>
    <script>document.write('<base href="' + document.location + '" />');</script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.2.4.min.js" integrity="sha256-BbhdlvQf/xTY9gja0Dq3HiwQF8LaCRTXxZKRutelT44=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    <script data-require="[email protected]" src="https://code.angularjs.org/1.3.20/angular.js" data-semver="1.3.20"></script>
    <script src="app.js"></script>
  </head>

  <body ng-controller="ListController">
  <div class="row customScroll" id="customTable" datafilter pagenumber="pageNumber" data="rowData" searchdata="searchdata" itemsPerPage="{{itemsPerPage}}"  totaldata="totalData"   selectedrow="onRowSelected(row,row.index)"  style="height:300px;overflow-y: auto;padding-top: 5px">

    <!--<div class="col-md-12 col-xs-12 col-sm-12 assign-list" ng-repeat="row in CRGC.rowData track by $index | orderBy:sortField:sortReverse | filter:searchFish">-->
    <div class="col-md-12 col-xs-12 col-sm-12 pdl0 assign-list" style="padding:10px" ng-repeat="row in rowData" ng-hide="row[CRGC.columns[0].id]=='' && row[CRGC.columns[1].id]==''">
        <!--col1-->

        <div ng-click ="onRowSelected(row,row.index)"> <span>{{row["sno"]}}</span> <span>{{row["id"]}}</span> <span>{{row["name"]}}</span></div>
      <!--   <div class="border_opacity"></div> -->
    </div>

</div>

  </body>

</html>

Angular CODE:

var app = angular.module('plunker', []);
var x;
ListController.$inject = ['$scope', '$timeout', '$q', '$templateCache'];

function ListController($scope, $timeout, $q, $templateCache) {
  $scope.itemsPerPage = 40;
  $scope.lastPage = 0;
  $scope.maxPage = 100;
  $scope.data = [];
  $scope.pageNumber = 0;


  $scope.makeid = function() {
    var text = "";
    var possible = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";

    for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++)
      text += possible.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * possible.length));

    return text;
  }


  $scope.DataFormFunction = function() {
      var arrayObj = [];
      for (var i = 0; i < $scope.itemsPerPage*$scope.maxPage; i++) {
          arrayObj.push({
              sno: i + 1,
              id: Math.random() * 100,
              name: $scope.makeid()
          });
      }
      $scope.totalData = arrayObj;
      $scope.totalData = $scope.totalData.filter(function(a,i){ a.index = i; return true; })
      $scope.rowData = $scope.totalData.slice(0, $scope.itemsperpage);
    }
  $scope.DataFormFunction();

  $scope.onRowSelected = function(row,index){
    console.log(row,index);
  }

}

angular.module('plunker').controller('ListController', ListController).directive('datafilter', function($compile) {
  return {
    restrict: 'EAC',
    scope: {
      data: '=',
      totalData: '=totaldata',
      pageNumber: '=pagenumber',
      searchdata: '=',
      defaultinput: '=',
      selectedrow: '&',
      filterflag: '=',
      totalFilterData: '='
    },
    link: function(scope, elem, attr) {
      //scope.pageNumber = 0;
      var tempData = angular.copy(scope.totalData);
      scope.totalPageLength = Math.ceil(scope.totalData.length / +attr.itemsperpage);
      console.log(scope.totalData);
      scope.data = scope.totalData.slice(0, attr.itemsperpage);
      elem.on('scroll', function(event) {
        event.preventDefault();
      //  var scrollHeight = angular.element('#customTable').scrollTop();
      var scrollHeight = document.getElementById("customTable").scrollTop
        /*if(scope.filterflag && scope.pageNumber != 0){
        scope.data = scope.totalFilterData;
        scope.pageNumber = 0;
        angular.element('#customTable').scrollTop(0);
        }*/
        if (scrollHeight < 100) {
          if (!scope.filterflag) {
            scope.scrollUp();
          }
        }
        if (angular.element(this).scrollTop() + angular.element(this).innerHeight() >= angular.element(this)[0].scrollHeight) {
          console.log("scroll bottom reached");
          if (!scope.filterflag) {
            scope.scrollDown();
          }
        }
        scope.$apply(scope.data);

      });

      /*
       * Scroll down data append function
       */
      scope.scrollDown = function() {
          if (scope.defaultinput == undefined || scope.defaultinput == "") { //filter data append condition on scroll
            scope.totalDataCompare = scope.totalData;
          } else {
            scope.totalDataCompare = scope.totalFilterData;
          }
          scope.totalPageLength = Math.ceil(scope.totalDataCompare.length / +attr.itemsperpage);
          if (scope.pageNumber < scope.totalPageLength - 1) {
            scope.pageNumber++;
            scope.lastaddedData = scope.totalDataCompare.slice(scope.pageNumber * attr.itemsperpage, (+attr.itemsperpage) + (+scope.pageNumber * attr.itemsperpage));
            scope.data = scope.totalDataCompare.slice(scope.pageNumber * attr.itemsperpage - 0.5 * (+attr.itemsperpage), scope.pageNumber * attr.itemsperpage);
            scope.data = scope.data.concat(scope.lastaddedData);
            scope.$apply(scope.data);
            if (scope.pageNumber < scope.totalPageLength) {
              var divHeight = $('.assign-list').outerHeight();
              if (!scope.moveToPositionFlag) {
                angular.element('#customTable').scrollTop(divHeight * 0.5 * (+attr.itemsperpage));
              } else {
                scope.moveToPositionFlag = false;
              }
            }


          }
        }
        /*
         * Scroll up data append function
         */
      scope.scrollUp = function() {
          if (scope.defaultinput == undefined || scope.defaultinput == "") { //filter data append condition on scroll
            scope.totalDataCompare = scope.totalData;
          } else {
            scope.totalDataCompare = scope.totalFilterData;
          }
          scope.totalPageLength = Math.ceil(scope.totalDataCompare.length / +attr.itemsperpage);
          if (scope.pageNumber > 0) {
            this.positionData = scope.data[0];
            scope.data = scope.totalDataCompare.slice(scope.pageNumber * attr.itemsperpage - 0.5 * (+attr.itemsperpage), scope.pageNumber * attr.itemsperpage);
            var position = +attr.itemsperpage * scope.pageNumber - 1.5 * (+attr.itemsperpage);
            if (position < 0) {
              position = 0;
            }
            scope.TopAddData = scope.totalDataCompare.slice(position, (+attr.itemsperpage) + position);
            scope.pageNumber--;
            var divHeight = $('.assign-list').outerHeight();
            if (position != 0) {
              scope.data = scope.TopAddData.concat(scope.data);
              scope.$apply(scope.data);
              angular.element('#customTable').scrollTop(divHeight * 1 * (+attr.itemsperpage));
            } else {
              scope.data = scope.TopAddData;
              scope.$apply(scope.data);
              angular.element('#customTable').scrollTop(divHeight * 0.5 * (+attr.itemsperpage));
            }
          }
        }
    }
  };
});

Demo with directive

Another Solution: If you using UI-grid in the project then  same implementation is there in UI grid with infinite-scroll.

Depending upon height of the division it loads the data and upon scroll new data will be append and previous data will be removed.

HTML Code:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="plunker">

  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title>AngularJS Plunker</title>
    <script>document.write('<base href="' + document.location + '" />');</script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.rawgit.com/angular-ui/bower-ui-grid/master/ui-grid.min.css" type="text/css" />
    <script data-require="[email protected]" src="https://code.angularjs.org/1.3.20/angular.js" data-semver="1.3.20"></script>
    <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/angular-ui-grid/4.0.6/ui-grid.js"></script>
    <script src="app.js"></script>
  </head>

  <body ng-controller="ListController">
     <div class="input-group" style="margin-bottom: 15px">
      <div class="input-group-btn">
        <button class='btn btn-primary' ng-click="resetList()">RESET</button>
      </div>
      <input class="form-control" ng-model="search" ng-change="abc()">
    </div>

    <div data-ui-grid="gridOptions" class="grid" ui-grid-selection  data-ui-grid-infinite-scroll style="height :400px"></div>

    <button ng-click="getProductList()">Submit</button>
  </body>

</html>

Angular Code:

var app = angular.module('plunker', ['ui.grid', 'ui.grid.infiniteScroll', 'ui.grid.selection']);
var x;
angular.module('plunker').controller('ListController', ListController);
ListController.$inject = ['$scope', '$timeout', '$q', '$templateCache'];

function ListController($scope, $timeout, $q, $templateCache) {
    $scope.itemsPerPage = 200;
    $scope.lastPage = 0;
    $scope.maxPage = 5;
    $scope.data = [];

    var request = {
        "startAt": "1",
        "noOfRecords": $scope.itemsPerPage
    };
    $templateCache.put('ui-grid/selectionRowHeaderButtons',
        "<div class=\"ui-grid-selection-row-header-buttons \" ng-class=\"{'ui-grid-row-selected': row.isSelected}\" ><input style=\"margin: 0; vertical-align: middle\" type=\"checkbox\" ng-model=\"row.isSelected\" ng-click=\"row.isSelected=!row.isSelected;selectButtonClick(row, $event)\">&nbsp;</div>"
    );


    $templateCache.put('ui-grid/selectionSelectAllButtons',
        "<div class=\"ui-grid-selection-row-header-buttons \" ng-class=\"{'ui-grid-all-selected': grid.selection.selectAll}\" ng-if=\"grid.options.enableSelectAll\"><input style=\"margin: 0; vertical-align: middle\" type=\"checkbox\" ng-model=\"grid.selection.selectAll\" ng-click=\"grid.selection.selectAll=!grid.selection.selectAll;headerButtonClick($event)\"></div>"
    );

    $scope.gridOptions = {
        infiniteScrollDown: true,
        enableSorting: false,
        enableRowSelection: true,
        enableSelectAll: true,
        //enableFullRowSelection: true,
        columnDefs: [{
            field: 'sno',
            name: 'sno'
        }, {
            field: 'id',
            name: 'ID'
        }, {
            field: 'name',
            name: 'My Name'
        }],
        data: 'data',
        onRegisterApi: function(gridApi) {
            gridApi.infiniteScroll.on.needLoadMoreData($scope, $scope.loadMoreData);
            $scope.gridApi = gridApi;
        }
    };
    $scope.gridOptions.multiSelect = true;
    $scope.makeid = function() {
        var text = "";
        var possible = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";

        for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            text += possible.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * possible.length));

        return text;
    }
    $scope.abc = function() {
        var a = $scope.search;
        x = $scope.searchData;
        $scope.data = x.filter(function(arr, y) {
            return arr.name.indexOf(a) > -1
        })
        console.log($scope.data);
        if ($scope.gridApi.grid.selection.selectAll)
            $timeout(function() {
                $scope.gridApi.selection.selectAllRows();
            }, 100);
    }


    $scope.loadMoreData = function() {
        var promise = $q.defer();
        if ($scope.lastPage < $scope.maxPage) {
            $timeout(function() {
                var arrayObj = [];
                for (var i = 0; i < $scope.itemsPerPage; i++) {
                    arrayObj.push({
                        sno: i + 1,
                        id: Math.random() * 100,
                        name: $scope.makeid()
                    });
                }

                if (!$scope.search) {
                    $scope.lastPage++;
                    $scope.data = $scope.data.concat(arrayObj);
                    $scope.gridApi.infiniteScroll.dataLoaded();
                    console.log($scope.data);
                    $scope.searchData = $scope.data;
                    // $scope.data = $scope.searchData;
                    promise.resolve();
                    if ($scope.gridApi.grid.selection.selectAll)
                        $timeout(function() {
                            $scope.gridApi.selection.selectAllRows();
                        }, 100);
                }


            }, Math.random() * 1000);
        } else {
            $scope.gridApi.infiniteScroll.dataLoaded();
            promise.resolve();
        }
        return promise.promise;
    };

    $scope.loadMoreData();

    $scope.getProductList = function() {

        if ($scope.gridApi.selection.getSelectedRows().length > 0) {
            $scope.gridOptions.data = $scope.resultSimulatedData;
            $scope.mySelectedRows = $scope.gridApi.selection.getSelectedRows(); //<--Property undefined error here
            console.log($scope.mySelectedRows);
            //alert('Selected Row: ' + $scope.mySelectedRows[0].id + ', ' + $scope.mySelectedRows[0].name + '.');
        } else {
            alert('Select a row first');
        }
    }
    $scope.getSelectedRows = function() {
        $scope.mySelectedRows = $scope.gridApi.selection.getSelectedRows();
    }
    $scope.headerButtonClick = function() {

        $scope.selectAll = $scope.grid.selection.selectAll;

    }
}

Demo with UI grid with infinite-scroll Demo

Without using external tools, if you are connecting to the server view SSH, this is a relatively easy command:

From a Windows 7+ command prompt:

ssh user@server cat /etc/passwd | clip

This will put the content of the remote file to your local clipboard.

(The command requires running Pageant for the key, or it will ask you for a password.)

No command sbt found

It's saying that sbt is not on your path. Try to run ./sbt from ~/bin/sbt/bin or wherever the sbt executable is to verify that it runs correctly. Also check that you have execute permissions on the sbt executable. If this works , then add ~/bin/sbt/bin to your path and sbt should run from anywhere.

See this question about adding a directory to your path.

To verify the path is set correctly use the which command on LINUX. The output will look something like this:

$ which sbt
/usr/bin/sbt

Lastly, to verify sbt is working try running sbt -help or likewise. The output with -help will look something like this:

$ sbt -help
Usage: sbt [options]

  -h | -help         print this message
  ...

Give a class .border-lb and give this CSS

.border-lb {border: 1px solid #ccc; border-width: 0 0 1px 1px;}

And the HTML

<table width="770">
  <tr>
    <td class="border-lb">picture (border only to the left and bottom ) </td>
    <td>text</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>text</td>
    <td class="border-lb">picture (border only to the left and bottom) </td>
  </tr>
</table>

Screenshot

Fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/FXMVL/

There is no standard way to delay a call to a function other than to use a timer and events.

This sounds like the GUI anti pattern of delaying a call to a method so that you can be sure the form has finished laying out. Not a good idea.

Simple read loop use this code

var resx = ResourcesName.ResourceManager.GetResourceSet(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture, false, false);

foreach (DictionaryEntry dictionaryEntry in resx)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Key: " + dictionaryEntry.Key);
    Console.WriteLine("Val: " + dictionaryEntry.Value);
}

The problem with editing JavaScript like you can CSS and HTML is that there is no clean way to propagate the changes. JavaScript can modify the DOM, send Ajax requests, and dynamically modify existing objects and functions at runtime. So, once you have loaded a page with JavaScript, it might be completely different after the JavaScript has run. The browser would have to keep track of every modification your JavaScript code performs so that when you edit the JS, it rolls back the changes to a clean page.

But, you can modify JavaScript dynamically a few other ways:

• JavaScript injections in the URL bar: javascript: alert (1);
• Via a JavaScript console (there's one built into Firefox, Chrome, and newer versions of IE
• If you want to modify the JavaScript files as they are served to your browser (i.e. grabbing them in transit and modifying them), then I can't offer much help. I would suggest using a debugging proxy: http://www.fiddler2.com/fiddler2/

The first two options are great because you can modify any JavaScript variables and functions currently in scope. However, you won't be able to modify the code and run it with a "just-served" page like you can with the third option.

Other than that, as far as I know, there is no edit-and-run JavaScript editor in the browser. Hope this helps,

If it's a sorted array you could use a Binary search algorithm (O(log n)). For example, extending the Array-class with this functionality:

class Array
  def b_search(e, l = 0, u = length - 1)
    return if lower_index > upper_index

    midpoint_index = (lower_index + upper_index) / 2
    return midpoint_index if self[midpoint_index] == value

    if value < self[midpoint_index]
      b_search(value, lower_index, upper_index - 1)
    else
      b_search(value, lower_index + 1, upper_index)
    end
  end
end

tk.mainloop() blocks. It means that execution of your Python commands halts there. You can see that by writing:

while 1:
    ball.draw()
    tk.mainloop()
    print("hello")   #NEW CODE
    time.sleep(0.01)

You will never see the output from the print statement. Because there is no loop, the ball doesn't move.

On the other hand, the methods update_idletasks() and update() here:

while True:
    ball.draw()
    tk.update_idletasks()
    tk.update()

...do not block; after those methods finish, execution will continue, so the while loop will execute over and over, which makes the ball move.

An infinite loop containing the method calls update_idletasks() and update() can act as a substitute for calling tk.mainloop(). Note that the whole while loop can be said to block just like tk.mainloop() because nothing after the while loop will execute.

However, tk.mainloop() is not a substitute for just the lines:

tk.update_idletasks()
tk.update()

Rather, tk.mainloop() is a substitute for the whole while loop:

while True:
    tk.update_idletasks()
    tk.update()

Response to comment:

Here is what the tcl docs say:

Update idletasks

This subcommand of update flushes all currently-scheduled idle events from Tcl's event queue. Idle events are used to postpone processing until “there is nothing else to do”, with the typical use case for them being Tk's redrawing and geometry recalculations. By postponing these until Tk is idle, expensive redraw operations are not done until everything from a cluster of events (e.g., button release, change of current window, etc.) are processed at the script level. This makes Tk seem much faster, but if you're in the middle of doing some long running processing, it can also mean that no idle events are processed for a long time. By calling update idletasks, redraws due to internal changes of state are processed immediately. (Redraws due to system events, e.g., being deiconified by the user, need a full update to be processed.)

APN As described in Update considered harmful, use of update to handle redraws not handled by update idletasks has many issues. Joe English in a comp.lang.tcl posting describes an alternative:

So update_idletasks() causes some subset of events to be processed that update() causes to be processed.

From the update docs:

update ?idletasks?

The update command is used to bring the application “up to date” by entering the Tcl event loop repeatedly until all pending events (including idle callbacks) have been processed.

If the idletasks keyword is specified as an argument to the command, then no new events or errors are processed; only idle callbacks are invoked. This causes operations that are normally deferred, such as display updates and window layout calculations, to be performed immediately.

KBK (12 February 2000) -- My personal opinion is that the [update] command is not one of the best practices, and a programmer is well advised to avoid it. I have seldom if ever seen a use of [update] that could not be more effectively programmed by another means, generally appropriate use of event callbacks. By the way, this caution applies to all the Tcl commands (vwait and tkwait are the other common culprits) that enter the event loop recursively, with the exception of using a single [vwait] at global level to launch the event loop inside a shell that doesn't launch it automatically.

The commonest purposes for which I've seen [update] recommended are:

1. Keeping the GUI alive while some long-running calculation is executing. See Countdown program for an alternative. 2) Waiting for a window to be configured before doing things like geometry management on it. The alternative is to bind on events such as that notify the process of a window's geometry. See Centering a window for an alternative.

What's wrong with update? There are several answers. First, it tends to complicate the code of the surrounding GUI. If you work the exercises in the Countdown program, you'll get a feel for how much easier it can be when each event is processed on its own callback. Second, it's a source of insidious bugs. The general problem is that executing [update] has nearly unconstrained side effects; on return from [update], a script can easily discover that the rug has been pulled out from under it. There's further discussion of this phenomenon over at Update considered harmful.

.....

Is there any chance I can make my program work without the while loop?

Yes, but things get a little tricky. You might think something like the following would work:

class Ball:
    def __init__(self, canvas, color):
        self.canvas = canvas
        self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 25, 25, fill=color)
        self.canvas.move(self.id, 245, 100)

    def draw(self):
        while True:
           self.canvas.move(self.id, 0, -1)

ball = Ball(canvas, "red")
ball.draw()
tk.mainloop()

The problem is that ball.draw() will cause execution to enter an infinite loop in the draw() method, so tk.mainloop() will never execute, and your widgets will never display. In gui programming, infinite loops have to be avoided at all costs in order to keep the widgets responsive to user input, e.g. mouse clicks.

So, the question is: how do you execute something over and over again without actually creating an infinite loop? Tkinter has an answer for that problem: a widget's after() method:

from Tkinter import *
import random
import time

tk = Tk()
tk.title = "Game"
tk.resizable(0,0)
tk.wm_attributes("-topmost", 1)

canvas = Canvas(tk, width=500, height=400, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)
canvas.pack()

class Ball:
    def __init__(self, canvas, color):
        self.canvas = canvas
        self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 25, 25, fill=color)
        self.canvas.move(self.id, 245, 100)

    def draw(self):
        self.canvas.move(self.id, 0, -1)
        self.canvas.after(1, self.draw)  #(time_delay, method_to_execute)


       

ball = Ball(canvas, "red")
ball.draw()  #Changed per Bryan Oakley's comment
tk.mainloop()

The after() method doesn't block (it actually creates another thread of execution), so execution continues on in your python program after after() is called, which means tk.mainloop() executes next, so your widgets get configured and displayed. The after() method also allows your widgets to remain responsive to other user input. Try running the following program, and then click your mouse on different spots on the canvas:

from Tkinter import *
import random
import time

root = Tk()
root.title = "Game"
root.resizable(0,0)
root.wm_attributes("-topmost", 1)

canvas = Canvas(root, width=500, height=400, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)
canvas.pack()

class Ball:
    def __init__(self, canvas, color):
        self.canvas = canvas
        self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 25, 25, fill=color)
        self.canvas.move(self.id, 245, 100)

        self.canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self.canvas_onclick)
        self.text_id = self.canvas.create_text(300, 200, anchor='se')
        self.canvas.itemconfig(self.text_id, text='hello')

    def canvas_onclick(self, event):
        self.canvas.itemconfig(
            self.text_id, 
            text="You clicked at ({}, {})".format(event.x, event.y)
        )

    def draw(self):
        self.canvas.move(self.id, 0, -1)
        self.canvas.after(50, self.draw)


       

ball = Ball(canvas, "red")
ball.draw()  #Changed per Bryan Oakley's comment.
root.mainloop()

Try this using this single code:

import javax.ws.rs.POST;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;

@Path("/serviceX")
public class MyClassRESTService {

    @POST
    @Path("/doSomething")   
    public void someMethod(String x) {

        System.out.println(x);
                // String x contains the body, you can process
                // it, parse it using JAXB and so on ...

    }
}

The url for try rest services ends .... /serviceX/doSomething

I also encounter the same problem and I resolved it by checking if the camera is available:

BOOL cameraAvailableFlag = [UIImagePickerController isSourceTypeAvailable:UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera];
    if (cameraAvailableFlag)
        [self performSelector:@selector(showcamera) withObject:nil afterDelay:0.3];

Do ctrl+F5 to compile and run your project without debugging. Look at the output pane (defaults to "Show output from Build"). If it compiled successfully, the path to the .exe file should be there after {projectname}.vcxproj ->

Both JBoss and Tomcat are Java servlet application servers, but JBoss is a whole lot more. The substantial difference between the two is that JBoss provides a full Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) stack, including Enterprise JavaBeans and many other technologies that are useful for developers working on enterprise Java applications.

Tomcat is much more limited. One way to think of it is that JBoss is a Java EE stack that includes a servlet container and web server, whereas Tomcat, for the most part, is a servlet container and web server.

Solution works very well,

public List<String> savePerson(@RequestBody Person[] personArray)  

For this signature you can pass Person array from postman like

[
{
  "empId": "10001",
  "tier": "Single",
  "someting": 6,
  "anything": 0,
  "frequency": "Quaterly"
}, {
  "empId": "10001",
  "tier": "Single",
  "someting": 6,
  "anything": 0,
  "frequency": "Quaterly"
}
]

Don't forget to add consumes tag:

@RequestMapping(value = "/getEmployeeList", method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes="application/json", produces = "application/json")
public List<Employee> getEmployeeDataList(@RequestBody Employee[] employeearray) { ... }

There are two problems in your code:

• The property is called visibility and not visiblity.
• It is not a property of the element itself but of its .style property.

It's easy to fix. Simple replace this:

document.getElementById("remember").visiblity

with this:

document.getElementById("remember").style.visibility

1. Forward declare User
2. Put the declaration of MyMessageBox before User

Hello I realize this post is old, but here is my opinion anyway. This error arises when you close the console output window using the close icon instead of pressing "any key to continue"

• First convert string to java.util.Date using date formatter
• Use getTime() to obtain count of millisecs from date

Is this what you are looking for:

Using OBJECT CATALOG VIEWS

 SELECT T.name AS Table_Name ,
       C.name AS Column_Name ,
       P.name AS Data_Type ,
       P.max_length AS Size ,
       CAST(P.precision AS VARCHAR) + '/' + CAST(P.scale AS VARCHAR) AS Precision_Scale
FROM   sys.objects AS T
       JOIN sys.columns AS C ON T.object_id = C.object_id
       JOIN sys.types AS P ON C.system_type_id = P.system_type_id
WHERE  T.type_desc = 'USER_TABLE';

Using INFORMATION SCHEMA VIEWS

  SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA ,
       TABLE_NAME ,
       COLUMN_NAME ,
       ORDINAL_POSITION ,
       COLUMN_DEFAULT ,
       DATA_TYPE ,
       CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH ,
       NUMERIC_PRECISION ,
       NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX ,
       NUMERIC_SCALE ,
       DATETIME_PRECISION
FROM   INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS;

Reference : My Blog - http://dbalink.wordpress.com/2008/10/24/querying-the-object-catalog-and-information-schema-views/

I rewrote the code provided by Ninja2k because I didn't like that it looped through cells. For future reference here's a version using arrays instead which works noticeably faster over lots of ranges but has the same result:

Function concat2(useThis As Range, Optional delim As String) As String
    Dim tempValues
    Dim tempString
    Dim numValues As Long
    Dim i As Long, j As Long
    tempValues = useThis
    numValues = UBound(tempValues) * UBound(tempValues, 2)
    ReDim values(1 To numValues)
    For i = UBound(tempValues) To LBound(tempValues) Step -1
        For j = UBound(tempValues, 2) To LBound(tempValues, 2) Step -1
            values(numValues) = tempValues(i, j)
            numValues = numValues - 1
        Next j
    Next i
    concat2 = Join(values, delim)
End Function

I can't help but think there's definitely a better way...

Here are steps to do it manually without VBA which only works with 1d arrays and makes static values instead of retaining the references:

1. Update cell formula to something like =Sheet2!A1:A15
2. Hit F9
3. Remove the curly braces { and }
4. Place CONCATENATE( at the front of the formula after the = sign and ) at the end of the formula.
5. Hit enter.

This doesn't require a permission.

val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, Uri.parse("tel:+123456"))
startActivity(intent)

Or

val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, Uri.fromParts("tel", "+123456", null))
startActivity(intent)

But it shows one more dialog (asking whether you want to call phone just once or always). So it would be better to use ACTION_CALL with a permission (see Revoked permission android.permission.CALL_PHONE).

I would use du's --threshold for this. Not sure if this option is available in all versions of du but it is implemented in GNU's version.

Quoting from du(1)'s manual:

-t, --threshold=SIZE
       exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater
       than SIZE if negative

Here's my solution, using du --threshold= for OP's use case:

THRESHOLD=90k
if [[ -z "$(du --threshold=${THRESHOLD} file.txt)" ]]; then
    mail -s "file.txt size is below ${THRESHOLD}, please fix. " [email protected] < /dev/null
    mv -f /root/tmp/file.txt /var/www/file.txt
fi

The advantage of that, is that du can accept an argument to that option in a known format - either human as in 10K, 10MiB or what ever you feel comfortable with - you don't need to manually convert between formats / units since du handles that.

For reference, here's the explanation on this SIZE argument from the man page:

The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 
10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers
of 1000). Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

Yes, just like you did:

select something + somethingElse as onlyOneColumn from someTable

If you queried the database, you would have gotten the right answer.

What happens is you ask for an expression. A very simple expression is just a column name, a more complicated expression can have formulas etc in it.

Based on @Dave Syer, @kaliatech and @asmaier answers the springboot v2+ way would be:

@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class)
public class StaticResourceConfiguration implements WebMvcConfigurer  {

  @Override
  public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
    String myExternalFilePath = "file:///C:/temp/whatever/m/";

     registry.addResourceHandler("/m/**").addResourceLocations(myExternalFilePath);

  }

}

You have some syntax issues with your script. Here is a fixed version:

#!/bin/bash

if [ "$seconds" -eq 0 ]; then
   timezone_string="Z"
elif [ "$seconds" -gt 0 ]; then
   timezone_string=$(printf "%02d:%02d" $((seconds/3600)) $(((seconds / 60) % 60)))
else
   echo "Unknown parameter"
fi

You can achieve your desired through easily by CSS :-

HTML

<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit Application" id="submit" />

CSS

#submit {
    background-color: #ccc;
    -moz-border-radius: 5px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
    border-radius:6px;
    color: #fff;
    font-family: 'Oswald';
    font-size: 20px;
    text-decoration: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    border:none;
}



#submit:hover {
    border: none;
    background:red;
    box-shadow: 0px 0px 1px #777;
}

DEMO

I suggest much better solution. Task in my case: add http://google.com/ path before each record and import multiple fields.

CSV single field value (all images just have filenames, separate by |):
"123.jpg|345.jpg|567.jpg"

Tamper 1st plugin: find and replace by REGEXP: pattern: /([a-zA-Z0-9]*)./ replacement: http://google.com/$1

Tamper 2nd plugin: explode setting: explode by |

In this case you don't need any additinal fields mappings and can use 1 field in CSV

This worked for me and is based on Node v6.7.0 docs:

let output = '';
stream.on('readable', function() {
    let read = stream.read();
    if (read !== null) {
        // New stream data is available
        output += read.toString();
    } else {
        // Stream is now finished when read is null.
        // You can callback here e.g.:
        callback(null, output);
    }
});

stream.on('error', function(err) {
  callback(err, null);
})

You can read it from the input stream:

public ActionResult ManagePhotos(ManagePhotos model)
{
    if (ModelState.IsValid)
    {
        byte[] image = new byte[model.File.ContentLength];
        model.File.InputStream.Read(image, 0, image.Length); 

        // TODO: Do something with the byte array here
    }
    ...
}

And if you intend to directly save the file to the disk you could use the model.File.SaveAs method. You might find the following blog post useful.

You can use the substr function like this:

echo substr($myStr, 0, 5);

The second argument to substr is from what position what you want to start and third arguments is for how many characters you want to return.

If you arrange to have your Python worker in a separate process (either long-running server-type process or a spawned child on demand), your communication with it will be asynchronous on the node.js side. UNIX/TCP sockets and stdin/out/err communication are inherently async in node.

I have transformed the Java code from @Stochastically to Kotlin

class KalmanLatLong
{
    private val MinAccuracy: Float = 1f

    private var Q_metres_per_second: Float = 0f
    private var TimeStamp_milliseconds: Long = 0
    private var lat: Double = 0.toDouble()
    private var lng: Double = 0.toDouble()
    private var variance: Float =
        0.toFloat() // P matrix.  Negative means object uninitialised.  NB: units irrelevant, as long as same units used throughout

    fun KalmanLatLong(Q_metres_per_second: Float)
    {
        this.Q_metres_per_second = Q_metres_per_second
        variance = -1f
    }

    fun get_TimeStamp(): Long { return TimeStamp_milliseconds }
    fun get_lat(): Double { return lat }
    fun get_lng(): Double { return lng }
    fun get_accuracy(): Float { return Math.sqrt(variance.toDouble()).toFloat() }

    fun SetState(lat: Double, lng: Double, accuracy: Float, TimeStamp_milliseconds: Long)
    {
        this.lat = lat
        this.lng = lng
        variance = accuracy * accuracy
        this.TimeStamp_milliseconds = TimeStamp_milliseconds
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Kalman filter processing for lattitude and longitude
    /// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1134579/smooth-gps-data/15657798#15657798
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="lat_measurement_degrees">new measurement of lattidude</param>
    /// <param name="lng_measurement">new measurement of longitude</param>
    /// <param name="accuracy">measurement of 1 standard deviation error in metres</param>
    /// <param name="TimeStamp_milliseconds">time of measurement</param>
    /// <returns>new state</returns>
    fun Process(lat_measurement: Double, lng_measurement: Double, accuracy: Float, TimeStamp_milliseconds: Long)
    {
        var accuracy = accuracy
        if (accuracy < MinAccuracy) accuracy = MinAccuracy

        if (variance < 0)
        {
            // if variance < 0, object is unitialised, so initialise with current values
            this.TimeStamp_milliseconds = TimeStamp_milliseconds
            lat = lat_measurement
            lng = lng_measurement
            variance = accuracy * accuracy
        }
        else
        {
            // else apply Kalman filter methodology

            val TimeInc_milliseconds = TimeStamp_milliseconds - this.TimeStamp_milliseconds

            if (TimeInc_milliseconds > 0)
            {
                // time has moved on, so the uncertainty in the current position increases
                variance += TimeInc_milliseconds.toFloat() * Q_metres_per_second * Q_metres_per_second / 1000
                this.TimeStamp_milliseconds = TimeStamp_milliseconds
                // TO DO: USE VELOCITY INFORMATION HERE TO GET A BETTER ESTIMATE OF CURRENT POSITION
            }

            // Kalman gain matrix K = Covarariance * Inverse(Covariance + MeasurementVariance)
            // NB: because K is dimensionless, it doesn't matter that variance has different units to lat and lng
            val K = variance / (variance + accuracy * accuracy)
            // apply K
            lat += K * (lat_measurement - lat)
            lng += K * (lng_measurement - lng)
            // new Covarariance  matrix is (IdentityMatrix - K) * Covarariance
            variance = (1 - K) * variance
        }
    }
}

Officially, the SQL languages does not support a JOIN or FROM clause in an UPDATE statement unless it is in a subquery. Thus, the Hoyle ANSI approach would be something like

Update addresses
Set cid = (
            Select c.id
            From customers As c
            where c.id = a.id
            )
Where Exists    (
                Select 1
                From customers As C1
                Where C1.id = addresses.id
                )

However many DBMSs such Postgres support the use of a FROM clause in an UPDATE statement. In many cases, you are required to include the updating table and alias it in the FROM clause however I'm not sure about Postgres:

Update addresses
Set cid = c.id
From addresses As a
    Join customers As c
        On c.id = a.id

If you use Visual Studio Code (vscode), using the very popular vscode chrome debug extension (https://github.com/Microsoft/vscode-chrome-debug) you can setup a launch configuration file launch.json and specify to open the developer tool during a debug session.

This the launch.json I use for my React projects :

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "type": "chrome",
      "request": "launch",
      "name": "Launch Chrome against localhost",
      "url": "http://localhost:3000",
      "runtimeArgs": ["--auto-open-devtools-for-tabs"],
      "webRoot": "${workspaceRoot}/src"
    }
  ]
}

The important line is "runtimeArgs": ["--auto-open-devtools-for-tabs"],

From vscode you can now type F5, Chrome opens your app and the console tab as well.

the reverse function comes in handy here:

myArray = [1,2,3,4]
myArray.reverse()
for x in myArray:
    print x

This is one of the possible solutions to implementing an OKHTTP post request without a request body.

RequestBody reqbody = RequestBody.create(null, new byte[0]);  
Request.Builder formBody = new Request.Builder().url(url).method("POST",reqbody).header("Content-Length", "0");
clientOk.newCall(formBody.build()).enqueue(OkHttpCallBack());

The ActivityResultRegistry is the recommended approach

ComponentActivity now provides an ActivityResultRegistry that lets you handle the startActivityForResult()+onActivityResult() as well as requestPermissions()+onRequestPermissionsResult() flows without overriding methods in your Activity or Fragment, brings increased type safety via ActivityResultContract, and provides hooks for testing these flows.

It is strongly recommended to use the Activity Result APIs introduced in AndroidX Activity 1.2.0-alpha02 and Fragment 1.3.0-alpha02.

Add this to your build.gradle

def activity_version = "1.2.0-beta01"

// Java language implementation
implementation "androidx.activity:activity:$activity_version"
// Kotlin
implementation "androidx.activity:activity-ktx:$activity_version"

How to use the pre-built contract?

This new API has the following pre built functionalities

1. TakeVideo
2. PickContact
3. GetContent
4. GetContents
5. OpenDocument
6. OpenDocuments
7. OpenDocumentTree
8. CreateDocument
9. Dial
10. TakePicture
11. RequestPermission
12. RequestPermissions

An example that uses takePicture contract:

private val takePicture = prepareCall(ActivityResultContracts.TakePicture()) { bitmap: Bitmap? ->
    // Do something with the Bitmap, if present
}
    
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
    
    button.setOnClickListener { takePicture() }
}

So what’s going on here? Let’s break it down slightly. takePicture is just a callback which returns a nullable Bitmap - whether or not it’s null depends on whether or not the onActivityResult process was successful. prepareCall then registers this call into a new feature on ComponentActivity called the ActivityResultRegistry - we’ll come back to this later. ActivityResultContracts.TakePicture() is one of the built-in helpers which Google have created for us, and finally invoking takePicture actually triggers the Intent in the same way that you would previously with Activity.startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE).

How to write a custom contract?

Simple contract that takes an Int as an Input and returns a String that requested Activity returns in the result Intent.

class MyContract : ActivityResultContract<Int, String>() {

    companion object {
        const val ACTION = "com.myapp.action.MY_ACTION"
        const val INPUT_INT = "input_int"
        const val OUTPUT_STRING = "output_string"
    }

    override fun createIntent(input: Int): Intent {
        return Intent(ACTION)
            .apply { putExtra(INPUT_INT, input) }
    }

    override fun parseResult(resultCode: Int, intent: Intent?): String? {
        return when (resultCode) {
            Activity.RESULT_OK -> intent?.getStringExtra(OUTPUT_STRING)
            else -> null
        }
    }
}

class MyActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    private val myActionCall = prepareCall(MyContract()) { result ->
        Log.i("MyActivity", "Obtained result: $result")
    }

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        ...
        button.setOnClickListener {
            myActionCall(500)
        }
    }
}

Check this official documentation for more info.

No problem if all the arrays you are about to use in this scenario are small like in your example.

If you will use this for large blobs (e.g. storing large binary files many Mbs or even Gbs in size into a VARBINARY) then you'd probably be much better off using specific support in SQL Server for reading/writing subsections of such large blobs. Things like READTEXT and UPDATETEXT, or in current versions of SQL Server SUBSTRING.

For more information and examples see either my 2006 article in .NET Magazine ("BLOB + Stream = BlobStream", in Dutch, with complete source code), or an English translation and generalization of this on CodeProject by Peter de Jonghe. Both of these are linked from my weblog.

1. Add injectable decorator to component2(or any component which have the method)

@Injectable({
    providedIn: 'root'
})

2. Inject into component1 (the component from where component2 method will be called)

constructor(public comp2 : component2) { }

3. Define method in component1 from where component2 method is called

method1()
{
    this.comp2.method2();
}

component 1 and component 2 code below.

import {Component2} from './Component2';

@Component({
  selector: 'sel-comp1',
  templateUrl: './comp1.html',
  styleUrls: ['./comp1.scss']
})
export class Component1 implements OnInit {
  show = false;
  constructor(public comp2: Component2) { }
method1()
 {
   this.comp2.method2(); 
  }
}


@Component({
  selector: 'sel-comp2',
  templateUrl: './comp2.html',
  styleUrls: ['./comp2.scss']
})
export class Component2 implements OnInit {
  method2()
{
  alert('called comp2 method from comp1');
}

The config file is just an XML file, you can open it by:

private static XmlDocument loadConfigDocument()
{
    XmlDocument doc = null;
    try
    {
        doc = new XmlDocument();
        doc.Load(getConfigFilePath());
        return doc;
    }
    catch (System.IO.FileNotFoundException e)
    {
        throw new Exception("No configuration file found.", e);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        return null;
    }
}

and later retrieving values by:

    // retrieve appSettings node

    XmlNode node =  doc.SelectSingleNode("//appSettings");

I dont know about XamGrid but that's what i'll do with a standard wpf DataGrid:

<DataGrid>
    <DataGrid.Columns>
        <DataGridTemplateColumn>
            <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding DataContext.MyProperty, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=MyUserControl}}"/>
                </DataTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellTemplate>
            <DataGridTemplateColumn.CellEditingTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <TextBox Text="{Binding DataContext.MyProperty, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=MyUserControl}}"/>
                </DataTemplate>
            </DataGridTemplateColumn.CellEditingTemplate>
        </DataGridTemplateColumn>
    </DataGrid.Columns>
</DataGrid>

Since the TextBlock and the TextBox specified in the cell templates will be part of the visual tree, you can walk up and find whatever control you need.

1. If you want to integrate Retrofit (all steps defined here):

Goto my blog : retrofit with kotlin

2. Please use android-async-http library.

the link below explains everything step by step.

http://loopj.com/android-async-http/

Here are sample apps:

1. http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/software-engineer/calling-restful-services-from-your-android-app/

2. http://blog.strikeiron.com/bid/73189/Integrate-a-REST-API-into-Android-Application-in-less-than-15-minutes

Create a class :

public class HttpUtils {
  private static final String BASE_URL = "http://api.twitter.com/1/";
 
  private static AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient();

  public static void get(String url, RequestParams params, AsyncHttpResponseHandler responseHandler) {
      client.get(getAbsoluteUrl(url), params, responseHandler);
  }

  public static void post(String url, RequestParams params, AsyncHttpResponseHandler responseHandler) {
      client.post(getAbsoluteUrl(url), params, responseHandler);
  }
      
  public static void getByUrl(String url, RequestParams params, AsyncHttpResponseHandler responseHandler) {
      client.get(url, params, responseHandler);
  }

  public static void postByUrl(String url, RequestParams params, AsyncHttpResponseHandler responseHandler) {
      client.post(url, params, responseHandler);
  }

  private static String getAbsoluteUrl(String relativeUrl) {
      return BASE_URL + relativeUrl;
  }
}

Call Method :

    RequestParams rp = new RequestParams();
    rp.add("username", "aaa"); rp.add("password", "aaa@123");
                    
    HttpUtils.post(AppConstant.URL_FEED, rp, new JsonHttpResponseHandler() {
        @Override
        public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, JSONObject response) {
            // If the response is JSONObject instead of expected JSONArray
            Log.d("asd", "---------------- this is response : " + response);
            try {
                JSONObject serverResp = new JSONObject(response.toString());                                                
            } catch (JSONException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }                   
        }
            
        @Override
        public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, JSONArray timeline) {
            // Pull out the first event on the public timeline
                    
        }
    });

Please grant internet permission in your manifest file.

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

you can add compile 'com.loopj.android:android-async-http:1.4.9' for Header[] and compile 'org.json:json:20160212' for JSONObject in build.gradle file if required.

With swift syntax this worked for me :

    let leftImageView = UIImageView()
    leftImageView.image = UIImage(named: "email")

    let leftView = UIView()
    leftView.addSubview(leftImageView)

    leftView.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 40, height: 40)
    leftImageView.frame = CGRect(x: 10, y: 10, width: 20, height: 20)
    userNameTextField.leftViewMode = .always
    userNameTextField.leftView = leftView

I use the following code to write files on my web directory.

write_file.html

<form action="file.php"method="post">
<textarea name="code">Code goes here</textarea>
<input type="submit"value="submit">
</form>

write_file.php

<?php
// strip slashes before putting the form data into target file
$cd = stripslashes($_POST['code']);

// Show the msg, if the code string is empty
if (empty($cd))
    echo "Nothing to write";

// if the code string is not empty then open the target file and put form data in it
else
{
    $file = fopen("demo.php", "w");
    echo fwrite($file, $cd);

    // show a success msg 
    echo "data successfully entered";
    fclose($file);
}
?>

This is a working script. be sure to change the url in form action and the target file in fopen() function if you want to use it on your site.

Good luck.

This can be achieved using dplyr package, which is available in CRAN. The simple way to achieve this:

1. Install dplyr package.
2. Run the below code

library(dplyr) 

df<- select(filter(dat,name=='tom'| name=='Lynn'), c('days','name))

Explanation:

So, once we’ve downloaded dplyr, we create a new data frame by using two different functions from this package:

filter: the first argument is the data frame; the second argument is the condition by which we want it subsetted. The result is the entire data frame with only the rows we wanted. select: the first argument is the data frame; the second argument is the names of the columns we want selected from it. We don’t have to use the names() function, and we don’t even have to use quotation marks. We simply list the column names as objects.

Sometimes the value needs to be trimmed of whitespace or it won't be matched, in such case this additional step can be used (source):

if(((DropDownList) myControl1).Items.Cast<ListItem>().Select(i => i.Value.Trim() == ctrl.value.Trim()).FirstOrDefault() != null){}

I also have same issue. In my case working on InstalledSheild / InstalledAware, to make setup of web service. After setup run the above error comes, while resolve issue when check, found that IIs default website path remove after setup run.

So I just add path as below step.

1. Go to Command prompt -> type InetMgr

2. Its open IIS, go to 'Default Web Site' -> Advanced Settings (at right side menu)

3. Go to Physical Path and paste this things - '%SystemDrive%\inetpub\wwwroot' as below

You can use do.call:

 do.call("<-",list(parameter_name, parameter_value))

For text:

[RangeObject].Font.Color = System.Drawing.ColorTranslator.ToOle(System.Drawing.Color.Red);

For cell background

[RangeObject].Interior.Color = System.Drawing.ColorTranslator.ToOle(System.Drawing.Color.Red);

It looks like you probably pasted this (or used a word processor like MS Word) using a kind of double-quotes that are not recognized by the browser. Please check that your code uses actual double-quotes like this one ", which is different from the following character: ”

Replace the meta tag with this one and try again:

<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5" >

Try this:

var s = "Hello Marco !";

var corrected = s.Substring(0, s.Length - 2);

I like Zakaria's answer, but if you're in a project where your team doesn't want to use that approach, and you're stuck trying to construct something with a String, integer, float, or primative type from a property file into the constructor, then you can use Spring's @Value annotation on the parameter in the constructor.

For example, I had an issue where I was trying to pull a string property into my constructor for a class annotated with @Service. My approach works for @Service, but I think this approach should work with any spring java class, if it has an annotation (such as @Service, @Component, etc.) which indicate that Spring will be the one constructing instances of the class.

Let's say in some yaml file (or whatever configuration you're using), you have something like this:

some:
    custom:
        envProperty: "property-for-dev-environment"

and you've got a constructor:

@Service // I think this should work for @Component, or any annotation saying Spring is the one calling the constructor.
class MyClass {
...
    MyClass(String property){
    ...
    }
...
}

This won't run as Spring won't be able to find the string envProperty. So, this is one way you can get that value:

class MyDynamoTable
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
...
    MyDynamoTable(@Value("${some.custom.envProperty}) String property){
    ...
    }
...

In the above constructor, Spring will call the class and know to use the String "property-for-dev-environment" pulled from my yaml configuration when calling it.

NOTE: this I believe @Value annotation is for strings, intergers, and I believe primative types. If you're trying to pass custom classes (beans), then approaches in answers defined above work.

You can use the code below :

<!--[if gte mso 9]>
<v:rect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" fill="true" stroke="false" 
style="width: 700px; height: 460px;">
<v:fill type="tile" src="images/feature-background-01.png" color="#333333" />   
<v:textbox inset="0,0,0,0">                                 
<![endif]-->

Note: Include this code above the table for which the background image is needed. Also, add the closing tag mentioned below, after the closing tag of the table.

<!--[if gte mso 9]>
      </v:textbox>
      </v:rect>
<![endif]-->

Because it's an integer. You need to declare them as floating point numbers or decimals, or cast to such in the calculation.

I just thought I'd chip in on this one. It's been answered perfectly well by others though.

The full main method declaration should be :

 public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {

 }

The args are declared final because technically they should not be altered. They are console parameters given by the user.

You should usually specify that main throws Exception so that stack traces can be echoed to console easily without needing to do e.printStackTrace() etc.

As for Array Syntax. I prefer it this way. I suppose that it's a little bit like the difference between french and english. In English it's "a black car", in french it's "a car black". Which is the important noun, car, or black?

I don't like this sort of thing :

String blah[] = {};

What's important here is that it's a String array, so it should be

String[] blah = {};

blah is just a name. I personally think it's a bit of a mistake in Java that arrays can sometimes be declared in that manner.

For Swift 3

UserDefaults.standard.setValue(token, forKey: "user_auth_token")
print("\(UserDefaults.standard.value(forKey: "user_auth_token")!)")

Unobtrusive Javascript has many many advantages, here are the steps it takes and why it's good to use.

1. the link loads as normal:

   <a id="DaLink" href="http://host/toAnewPage.html">click here</a>

this is important becuase it will work for browsers with javascript not enabled, or if there is an error in the javascript code that doesn't work.

2. javascript runs on page load:

    window.onload = function(){
           document.getElementById("DaLink").onclick = function(){
                  if(funcitonToCall()){
                      // most important step in this whole process
                      return false;
                  }
           }
    }
   

3. if the javascript runs successfully, maybe loading the content in the current page with javascript, the return false cancels the link firing. in other words putting return false has the effect of disabling the link if the javascript ran successfully. While allowing it to run if the javascript does not, making a nice backup so your content gets displayed either way, for search engines and if your code breaks, or is viewed on an non-javascript system.

best book on the subject is "Dom Scription" by Jeremy Keith

That's simple, if you reference them by index. If you want to hide the first column, you would:

Copy code

$('#thetable tr').find('td:nth-child(1),th:nth-child(1)').toggle();

The reason I first selected all table rows and then both td's and th's that were the n'th child is so that we wouldn't have to select the table and all table rows twice. This improves script execution speed. Keep in mind, nth-child() is 1 based, not 0.

var top = $('html').offset().top;

should do it.

edit: this is the negative of $(document).scrollTop()

You probably want to flatten all of the lists in Values into a single list:

List<MyType> allItems = myDico.Values.SelectMany(c => c).ToList();

Looks like FB just changed the app dev page again and added a feature called "Server IP Whitelist".

1. Go to your app and Select Settings -> Advanced Tab
2. Get your public IP (google will tell you if you google "Whats My IP")
3. Add your public IP to the Server IP Whitelist and click Save Changes at the bottom

Approach based on identifying number of groups (x in mapply) and its length (y in mapply)

mytb<-read.table(text="h_no  h_freq  h_freqsq group
1     0.09091 0.008264628 1
2     0.00000 0.000000000 1
3     0.04545 0.002065702 1
4     0.00000 0.000000000 1  
1     0.13636 0.018594050 2
2     0.00000 0.000000000 2
3     0.00000 0.000000000 2
4     0.04545 0.002065702 2
5     0.31818 0.101238512 2
6     0.00000 0.000000000 2
7     0.50000 0.250000000 2 
1     0.13636 0.018594050 3 
2     0.09091 0.008264628 3
3     0.40909 0.167354628 3
4     0.04545 0.002065702 3", header=T, stringsAsFactors=F)
mytb$group<-NULL

positionsof1s<-grep(1,mytb$h_no)

mytb$newgroup<-unlist(mapply(function(x,y) 
  rep(x,y),                      # repeat x number y times
  x= 1:length(positionsof1s),    # x is 1 to number of nth group = g1:g3
  y= c( diff(positionsof1s),     # y is number of repeats of groups g1 to penultimate (g2) = 4, 7
        nrow(mytb)-              # this line and the following gives number of repeat for last group (g3)
          (positionsof1s[length(positionsof1s )]-1 )  # number of rows - position of penultimate group (g2) 
      ) ) )
mytb

None of the above worked on Sublime Text 3 on Windows 10, Ctrl + Shift + ' with the Emmet Sublime Text 3 plugin works great and was the only working solution for me. Ctrl + Shift + T re-opens the last closed item and to my knowledge of Sublime, has done so since early builds of ST3 or late builds of ST2.

I have created a small utility function, this works well for me

def display_text_max_col_width(df, width):
    with pd.option_context('display.max_colwidth', width):
        print(df)

display_text_max_col_width(train_df["Description"], 800)

I can change length of the width as per my requirement, without setting any option permanently.

C++20 std::format

This great new C++ library feature has the advantage of not affecting the state of std::cout as std::setprecision does:

#include <format>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::cout << std::format("{:.2} {:.3}\n", 3.1415, 3.1415);
}

Expected output:

3.14 3.145

The as mentioned at https://stackoverflow.com/a/65329803/895245 not if you don't pass the precision explicitly it prints the shortest decimal representation with a round-trip guarantee. TODO understand in more detail how it compares to: dbl::max_digits10 as shown at https://stackoverflow.com/a/554134/895245 with {:.{}}:

#include <format>
#include <limits>
#include <string>

int main() {
    std::cout << std::format("{:.{}}\n",
        3.1415926535897932384626433, dbl::max_digits10);
}

See also:

• Set back default floating point print precision in C++ for how to restore the initial precision in pre-c++20
• std::string formatting like sprintf
• https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/format/formatter#Standard_format_specification

Yes there is. The preferred syntax is to favor str.format over the deprecated % operator.

print "First number is {} and second number is {}".format(first, second)

Let's say this is your dataframe.

You can rename the columns using two methods.

1. Using dataframe.columns=[#list]

   df.columns=['a','b','c','d','e']
   

   

   The limitation of this method is that if one column has to be changed, full column list has to be passed. Also, this method is not applicable on index labels. For example, if you passed this:

   df.columns = ['a','b','c','d']
   

   This will throw an error. Length mismatch: Expected axis has 5 elements, new values have 4 elements.

2. Another method is the Pandas rename() method which is used to rename any index, column or row

   df = df.rename(columns={'$a':'a'})
   

   

Similarly, you can change any rows or columns.

The accepted answer is awesome, it properly explains the difference between string vs text (mostly the limit size in the database, but there are a few other gotchas), but I wanted to point out a small issue that got me through it as that answer didn't completely do it for me.

The max size :limit => 1 to 4294967296 didn't work exactly as put, I needed to go -1 from that max size. I'm storing large JSON blobs and they might be crazy huge sometimes.

Here's my migration with the larger value in place with the value MySQL doesn't complain about.

Note the 5 at the end of the limit instead of 6

class ChangeUserSyncRecordDetailsToText < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1]
  def up
    change_column :user_sync_records, :details, :text, :limit => 4294967295
  end

  def down
    change_column :user_sync_records, :details, :string, :limit => 1000
  end
end

if type(varA) == str or type(varB) == str:
    print 'string involved'

from EDX - online course MITx: 6.00.1x Introduction to Computer Science and Programming Using Python

For future readers, one easy way is as follows if they wish to export in bulk using bash,

akshay@ideapad:/tmp$ mysql -u someuser -p test -e "select * from offices"
Enter password: 
+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------------+--------------+------------+-----------+------------+-----------+
| officeCode | city          | phone            | addressLine1             | addressLine2 | state      | country   | postalCode | territory |
+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------------+--------------+------------+-----------+------------+-----------+
| 1          | San Francisco | +1 650 219 4782  | 100 Market Street        | Suite 300    | CA         | USA       | 94080      | NA        |
| 2          | Boston        | +1 215 837 0825  | 1550 Court Place         | Suite 102    | MA         | USA       | 02107      | NA        |
| 3          | NYC           | +1 212 555 3000  | 523 East 53rd Street     | apt. 5A      | NY         | USA       | 10022      | NA        |
| 4          | Paris         | +33 14 723 4404  | 43 Rue Jouffroy D'abbans | NULL         | NULL       | France    | 75017      | EMEA      |
| 5          | Tokyo         | +81 33 224 5000  | 4-1 Kioicho              | NULL         | Chiyoda-Ku | Japan     | 102-8578   | Japan     |
| 6          | Sydney        | +61 2 9264 2451  | 5-11 Wentworth Avenue    | Floor #2     | NULL       | Australia | NSW 2010   | APAC      |
| 7          | London        | +44 20 7877 2041 | 25 Old Broad Street      | Level 7      | NULL       | UK        | EC2N 1HN   | EMEA      |
+------------+---------------+------------------+--------------------------+--------------+------------+-----------+------------+-----------+

If you're exporting by non-root user then set permission like below

root@ideapad:/tmp# mysql -u root -p
MariaDB[(none)]> UPDATE mysql.user SET File_priv = 'Y' WHERE user='someuser' AND host='localhost';

Restart or Reload mysqld

akshay@ideapad:/tmp$ sudo su
root@ideapad:/tmp#  systemctl restart mariadb

Sample code snippet

akshay@ideapad:/tmp$ cat test.sh 
#!/usr/bin/env bash

user="someuser"
password="password"
database="test"

mysql -u"$user" -p"$password" "$database" <<EOF
SELECT * 
INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/csvs/offices.csv' 
FIELDS TERMINATED BY '|' 
ENCLOSED BY '"' 
LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'
FROM offices;
EOF

Execute

akshay@ideapad:/tmp$ mkdir -p /tmp/csvs
akshay@ideapad:/tmp$ chmod +x test.sh
akshay@ideapad:/tmp$ ./test.sh 
akshay@ideapad:/tmp$ cat /tmp/csvs/offices.csv 
"1"|"San Francisco"|"+1 650 219 4782"|"100 Market Street"|"Suite 300"|"CA"|"USA"|"94080"|"NA"
"2"|"Boston"|"+1 215 837 0825"|"1550 Court Place"|"Suite 102"|"MA"|"USA"|"02107"|"NA"
"3"|"NYC"|"+1 212 555 3000"|"523 East 53rd Street"|"apt. 5A"|"NY"|"USA"|"10022"|"NA"
"4"|"Paris"|"+33 14 723 4404"|"43 Rue Jouffroy D'abbans"|\N|\N|"France"|"75017"|"EMEA"
"5"|"Tokyo"|"+81 33 224 5000"|"4-1 Kioicho"|\N|"Chiyoda-Ku"|"Japan"|"102-8578"|"Japan"
"6"|"Sydney"|"+61 2 9264 2451"|"5-11 Wentworth Avenue"|"Floor #2"|\N|"Australia"|"NSW 2010"|"APAC"
"7"|"London"|"+44 20 7877 2041"|"25 Old Broad Street"|"Level 7"|\N|"UK"|"EC2N 1HN"|"EMEA"

I always use object literals

{id: 1, speaker:"john", country: "au"}

For me, other answers didn't work. I had to go to open Files and do Invalidate caches and restart on Intellij. After that, everything worked fine again.

• Short tags are not turned on by default in some webservers (shared hosts, etc.), so code portability becomes an issue if you need to move to one of these.

• Readability may be an issue for some. Many developers may find that <?php catches the eye as a more obvious marker of the beginning of a code block than <? when you scan a file, particularly if you're stuck with a code base with HTML and PHP tightly inter-woven.

LLVM is a library that is used to construct, optimize and produce intermediate and/or binary machine code.

LLVM can be used as a compiler framework, where you provide the "front end" (parser and lexer) and the "back end" (code that converts LLVM's representation to actual machine code).

LLVM can also act as a JIT compiler - it has support for x86/x86_64 and PPC/PPC64 assembly generation with fast code optimizations aimed for compilation speed.

Unfortunately disabled since 2013, there was the ability to play with LLVM's machine code generated from C or C++ code at the demo page.

This is how I do it, useful for simple custom objects to which you keep adding attributes:

Given an object created with obj = type("Obj",(object,),{}), or by simply:

class Obj: pass
obj = Obj()

Add some attributes:

obj.name = 'gary'
obj.age = 32

then, to obtain a dictionary with only the custom attributes:

{key: value for key, value in obj.__dict__.items() if not key.startswith("__")}

# {'name': 'gary', 'age': 32}

Like Yuck's answer with a check to allow the script to be ran more than once without error. (less code/custom strings than using information_schema.columns)

IF object_id('DF_SomeName', 'D') IS NULL BEGIN
    Print 'Creating Constraint DF_SomeName'
   ALTER TABLE Employee ADD CONSTRAINT DF_SomeName DEFAULT N'SANDNES' FOR CityBorn;
END

Here's a little plug if you mostly want to

• go crazy customizing the closed state of a select element
• but at open state, you favor a better native experience to picking options (scroll wheel, arrow keys, tab focus, ajax modifications to options, proper zindex, etc)
• dislike the messy ul, li generated markups

Then jquery.yaselect.js could be a better fit. Simply:

$('select').yaselect();

And the final markup is:

<div class="yaselect-wrap">
  <div class="yaselect-current"><!-- current selection --></div>
</div>
<select class="yaselect-select" size="5">
  <!-- your option tags -->
</select>

Check it out on github.com

In my case it was the use of the call_command module that posed a problem.
I added set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings but it didn't work.

I finally found it:

add these lines at the top of the script, and the order matters.

import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")

import django
django.setup()

from django.core.management import call_command

Starting with PHP 7.2.0, you only need to specify the extension name.

I.e., add the following line to your php.ini:

extension=intl

See PHP's docomentation on loading extensions for more informations.

I had more than 2 GB internal space and yet I was not able to install / update applications either from Google Play or manually.

Whatever may be the reason, wiping the cache partition solved my purpose.

Steps: Recovery -> Wipe cache partition -> Reboot system now

All the answers above are correct. But just note that you'll be passing the reference to the string array when you pass like this. If you make any modifications to the array in your called function, it will be reflected in the calling function also.

There is another concept called variable arguments in Java which you can look into. It basically works like this. Eg:-

 String concat (String ... strings)
   {
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder ();
      for (int i = 0; i < strings.length; i++)
           sb.append (strings [i]);
      return sb.toString ();
   }

Here we can call the function like concat(a,b,c,d) or any number of params you want.

More Info: http://today.java.net/pub/a/today/2004/04/19/varargs.html

$element is one of four locals that $compileProvider gives to $controllerProvider which then gets given to $injector. The injector injects locals in your controller function only if asked.

The four locals are:

• $scope
• $element
• $attrs
• $transclude

The official documentation: AngularJS $compile Service API Reference - controller

The source code from Github angular.js/compile.js:

 function setupControllers($element, attrs, transcludeFn, controllerDirectives, isolateScope, scope) {
    var elementControllers = createMap();
    for (var controllerKey in controllerDirectives) {
      var directive = controllerDirectives[controllerKey];
      var locals = {
        $scope: directive === newIsolateScopeDirective || directive.$$isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
        $element: $element,
        $attrs: attrs,
        $transclude: transcludeFn
      };

      var controller = directive.controller;
      if (controller == '@') {
        controller = attrs[directive.name];
      }

      var controllerInstance = $controller(controller, locals, true, directive.controllerAs);

JSONP stands for “JSON with Padding” and it is a workaround for loading data from different domains. It loads the script into the head of the DOM and thus you can access the information as if it were loaded on your own domain, thus by-passing the cross domain issue.

jsonCallback(
{
    "sites":
    [
        {
            "siteName": "JQUERY4U",
            "domainName": "http://www.jquery4u.com",
            "description": "#1 jQuery Blog for your Daily News, Plugins, Tuts/Tips & Code Snippets."
        },
        {
            "siteName": "BLOGOOLA",
            "domainName": "http://www.blogoola.com",
            "description": "Expose your blog to millions and increase your audience."
        },
        {
            "siteName": "PHPSCRIPTS4U",
            "domainName": "http://www.phpscripts4u.com",
            "description": "The Blog of Enthusiastic PHP Scripters"
        }
    ]
});

(function($) {
var url = 'http://www.jquery4u.com/scripts/jquery4u-sites.json?callback=?';

$.ajax({
   type: 'GET',
    url: url,
    async: false,
    jsonpCallback: 'jsonCallback',
    contentType: "application/json",
    dataType: 'jsonp',
    success: function(json) {
       console.dir(json.sites);
    },
    error: function(e) {
       console.log(e.message);
    }
});

})(jQuery);

Now we can request the JSON via AJAX using JSONP and the callback function we created around the JSON content. The output should be the JSON as an object which we can then use the data for whatever we want without restrictions.

Old question, but if you want to do locale-aware sorting without setting locale.LC_ALL you can do so by using the PyICU library as suggested by this answer:

import icu # PyICU

def sorted_strings(strings, locale=None):
    if locale is None:
       return sorted(strings)
    collator = icu.Collator.createInstance(icu.Locale(locale))
    return sorted(strings, key=collator.getSortKey)

Then call with e.g.:

new_list = sorted_strings(list_of_strings, "de_DE.utf8")

This worked for me without installing any locales or changing other system settings.

(This was already suggested in a comment above, but I wanted to give it more prominence, because I missed it myself at first.)

try setting this

CATALINA_OPTS="-Djava.awt.headless=true -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 
-server -Xms1536m -Xmx1536m
-XX:NewSize=256m -XX:MaxNewSize=256m -XX:PermSize=256m 
-XX:MaxPermSize=256m -XX:+DisableExplicitGC"

in {$tomcat-folder}\bin\setenv.sh (create it if necessary).

See http://www.mkyong.com/tomcat/tomcat-javalangoutofmemoryerror-permgen-space/ for more details.

Same thing just happened to me on Google Chrome v22.0.1221.1 (Nvidia GPU). The workaround was to disable GPU compositing on all pages (setting available on chrome://flags/)

If it happens in Chrome version > 45.x, See answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/32955808/293023 by @detale.

Use google-chrome -disable-gpu from the command line to temporary disable gpu.

save() can take a file-like object as well as a path, so you can use an in-memory buffer like a StringIO:

buf = StringIO.StringIO()
im.save(buf, format='JPEG')
jpeg = buf.getvalue()

I see very complicated answers, all of them using code. However, if you are using Interface Builder, there is a very easy way to do this:

1. Select the button and set a title and an image. Note that if you set the background instead of the image then the image will be resized if it is smaller than the button.
2. Set the position of both items by changing the edge and insets. You could even control the alignment of both in the Control section.

You could even use the same approach by code, without creating UILabels and UIImages inside as other solutions proposed. Always Keep It Simple!

EDIT: Attached a small example having the 3 things set (title, image and background) with correct insets

This expands on the answer by Denis Bubnov.

I used this to find child values of array elements—namely if there was a anchor field in paragraphs on a Drupal 8 site to build a table of contents.

{% set count = 0 %}
{% for anchor in items %}
    {% if anchor.content['#paragraph'].field_anchor_link.0.value %}
        {% set count = count + 1 %}
    {% endif %}
{% endfor %}

{% if count > 0 %}
 ---  build the toc here --
{% endif %}

If you want to do it on your local machine instead of in the context of SQL server then I would use the following. It is what we use at my company.

$ServerName = "_ServerName_"
$DatabaseName = "_DatabaseName_"
$Query = "SELECT * FROM Table WHERE Column = ''"

#Timeout parameters
$QueryTimeout = 120
$ConnectionTimeout = 30

#Action of connecting to the Database and executing the query and returning results if there were any.
$conn=New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SQLConnection
$ConnectionString = "Server={0};Database={1};Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout={2}" -f $ServerName,$DatabaseName,$ConnectionTimeout
$conn.ConnectionString=$ConnectionString
$conn.Open()
$cmd=New-Object system.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($Query,$conn)
$cmd.CommandTimeout=$QueryTimeout
$ds=New-Object system.Data.DataSet
$da=New-Object system.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter($cmd)
[void]$da.fill($ds)
$conn.Close()
$ds.Tables

Just fill in the $ServerName, $DatabaseName and the $Query variables and you should be good to go.

I am not sure how we originally found this out, but there is something very similar here.

The Read method takes a byte parameter because that is the buffer it will read into. It's a common Idiom in some circles and makes some sense when you think about it.

This way you can determine how many bytes will be read by the reader and inspect the return to see how many bytes actually were read and handle any errors appropriately.

As others have pointed in their answers bufio is probably what you want for reading from most files.

I'll add one other hint since it's really useful. Reading a line from a file is best accomplished not by the ReadLine method but the ReadBytes or ReadString method instead.

Here is an easy example of how to kill all Word Processes.

Process[] procs = Process.GetProcessesByName("winword");

foreach (Process proc in procs)
    proc.Kill();

I used:

.current-page a:hover {
pointer-events: none !important;
}

And was not enough; in some browsers it still displayed the link, blinking.

I had to add:

.current-page a {
cursor: text !important;
}

All of these answers are inefficient as they needlessly decode to a bitmap and then recompress the bitmap. When you take a photo on Android, it is stored as a jpeg in the temp file you specify when you follow the android docs.

What you should do is directly convert that file to a Base64 string. Here is how to do that in easy copy-paste (in Kotlin). Note you must close the base64FilterStream to truly flush its internal buffer.

fun convertImageFileToBase64(imageFile: File): String {

    return FileInputStream(imageFile).use { inputStream ->
        ByteArrayOutputStream().use { outputStream ->
            Base64OutputStream(outputStream, Base64.DEFAULT).use { base64FilterStream ->
                inputStream.copyTo(base64FilterStream)
                base64FilterStream.close()
                outputStream.toString()
            }
        }
    }
}

As a bonus, your image quality should be slightly improved, due to bypassing the re-compressing.

I have my scripts organized in different folders for each package I pull in from bower, plus my own script for my app. Since you are going to list the order of these scripts somewhere, why not just list them in your gulp file? For new developers on your project, it's nice that all your script end-points are listed here. You can do this with gulp-add-src:

gulpfile.js

var gulp = require('gulp'),
    less = require('gulp-less'),
    minifyCSS = require('gulp-minify-css'),
    uglify = require('gulp-uglify'),
    concat = require('gulp-concat'),
    addsrc = require('gulp-add-src'),
    sourcemaps = require('gulp-sourcemaps');

// CSS & Less
gulp.task('css', function(){
    gulp.src('less/all.less')
        .pipe(sourcemaps.init())
        .pipe(less())
        .pipe(minifyCSS())
        .pipe(sourcemaps.write('source-maps'))
        .pipe(gulp.dest('public/css'));
});

// JS
gulp.task('js', function() {
    gulp.src('resources/assets/bower/jquery/dist/jquery.js')
    .pipe(addsrc.append('resources/assets/bower/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.js'))
    .pipe(addsrc.append('resources/assets/bower/blahblah/dist/js/blah.js'))
    .pipe(addsrc.append('resources/assets/js/my-script.js'))
    .pipe(sourcemaps.init())
    .pipe(concat('all.js'))
    .pipe(uglify())
    .pipe(sourcemaps.write('source-maps'))
    .pipe(gulp.dest('public/js'));
});

gulp.task('default',['css','js']);

Note: jQuery and Bootstrap added for demonstration purposes of order. Probably better to use CDNs for those since they are so widely used and browsers could have them cached from other sites already.

The aspect ratio for a Facebook post image is 41:20.

To find the appropriate widths and height for your photo, you can use the Aspect Ratio Calculator.

Here you can select different ratios under “Common ratios:” which includes the option “1200 x 630 (Facebook)". So if the width of your photo is 1800, plug that number into the “W2” slot and it will tell you what the respective height should be.

The simplest solution.

 Date.prototype.addDays = function(days) {_x000D_
   this.setDate(this.getDate() + parseInt(days));_x000D_
   return this;_x000D_
 };_x000D_
_x000D_
 // and then call_x000D_
_x000D_
 var newDate = new Date().addDays(2); //+2 days_x000D_
 console.log(newDate);_x000D_
_x000D_
 // or_x000D_
_x000D_
 var newDate1 = new Date().addDays(-2); //-2 days_x000D_
 console.log(newDate1);

It should be noted that IF all of the data is being removed from the table via the DELETE (i.e. no WHERE clause), then as long as a) permissions allow for it, and b) there are no FKs referencing the table (which appears to be the case here), using TRUNCATE TABLE would be preferred as it does a more efficient DELETE and resets the IDENTITY seed at the same time. The following details are taken from the MSDN page for TRUNCATE TABLE:

Compared to the DELETE statement, TRUNCATE TABLE has the following advantages:

• Less transaction log space is used.

  The DELETE statement removes rows one at a time and records an entry in the transaction log for each deleted row. TRUNCATE TABLE removes the data by deallocating the data pages used to store the table data and records only the page deallocations in the transaction log.

• Fewer locks are typically used.

  When the DELETE statement is executed using a row lock, each row in the table is locked for deletion. TRUNCATE TABLE always locks the table (including a schema (SCH-M) lock) and page but not each row.

• Without exception, zero pages are left in the table.

  After a DELETE statement is executed, the table can still contain empty pages. For example, empty pages in a heap cannot be deallocated without at least an exclusive (LCK_M_X) table lock. If the delete operation does not use a table lock, the table (heap) will contain many empty pages. For indexes, the delete operation can leave empty pages behind, although these pages will be deallocated quickly by a background cleanup process.

If the table contains an identity column, the counter for that column is reset to the seed value defined for the column. If no seed was defined, the default value 1 is used. To retain the identity counter, use DELETE instead.

So the following:

DELETE FROM [MyTable];
DBCC CHECKIDENT ('[MyTable]', RESEED, 0);

Becomes just:

TRUNCATE TABLE [MyTable];

Please see the TRUNCATE TABLE documentation (linked above) for additional information on restrictions, etc.

For a function type prop you can use the following code:

AddAddressComponent.defaultProps = {
    callBackHandler: () => {}
};

AddAddressComponent.propTypes = {
    callBackHandler: PropTypes.func,
};

That error arises when you try to encode a non-unicode string: it tries to decode it, assuming it's in plain ASCII. There are two possibilities:

1. You're encoding it to a bytestring, but because you've used codecs.open, the write method expects a unicode object. So you encode it, and it tries to decode it again. Try: f.write(all_html) instead.
2. all_html is not, in fact, a unicode object. When you do .encode(...), it first tries to decode it.

If you dont want to hard-code the cell addresses you can use the ROW() function.

eg: =AVERAGE(INDIRECT("A" & ROW()), INDIRECT("C" & ROW()))

Its probably not the best way to do it though! Using Auto-Fill and static columns like @JaiGovindani suggests would be much better.

Some additional input/clarification for future readers of this thread, to avoid tinkering with the PATH env. variable at the Windows level and restart of the Windows system: (copy of my answer from https://stackoverflow.com/a/49851498/9083077 as applicable to Chrome):

(1) Download chromedriver (as described in this thread earlier) and place the (unzipped) chromedriver.exe at X:\Folder\of\your\choice

(2) Python code sample:

import os;
os.environ["PATH"] += os.pathsep + r'X:\Folder\of\your\choice';

from selenium import webdriver;
browser = webdriver.Chrome();
browser.get('http://localhost:8000')
assert 'Django' in browser.title

Notes: (1) It may take about 5 seconds for the sample code (in the referenced answer) to open up the Firefox browser for the specified url. (2) The python console would show the following error if there's no server already running at the specified url or serving a page with the title containing the string 'Django': assert 'Django' in browser.title AssertionError

I use LuaSocket to get more precision.

require "socket"
print("Milliseconds: " .. socket.gettime()*1000)

This adds a dependency of course, but works fine for personal use (in benchmarking scripts for example).

I met a similar problem.But the error report is about

[SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_ACCESS_DENIED] tlsv1 alert access denied (_ssl.c:777)

First I tried this https://python-forum.io/Thread-All-pip-install-attempts-are-met-with-SSL-error#pid_28035 ,but seems it couldn't solve my problems,and still repeat the same issue.

And Second if you are working on a business computer,generally it may exist a web content filter(but I can access https://pypi.python.org through browser directly).And solve this issue by adding a proxy server.

For windows,open the Internet properties through IE or Chrome or whatsoever ,then set valid proxy address and port,and this way solve my problems

Or just adding the option pip --proxy [proxy-address]:port install mitmproxy.But you always need to add this option while installing by pypi

The above two solution is alternative for you demand.

When running this command:

ALTER TABLE MYTABLENAME MODIFY CONSTRAINT MYCONSTRAINTNAME_FK ENABLE;

I got this error:

ORA-02270: no matching unique or primary key for this column-list
02270. 00000 -  "no matching unique or primary key for this column-list"
*Cause:    A REFERENCES clause in a CREATE/ALTER TABLE statement
          gives a column-list for which there is no matching unique or primary
          key constraint in the referenced table.
*Action:   Find the correct column names using the ALL_CONS_COLUMNS

The referenced table has a primary key constraint with matching type. The root cause of this error, in my case, was that the primary key constraint was disabled.

Since you're using Versions it's actually really easy:

• Browse your checked-out copy
• Click the directory to ignore
• In the "Ignore box on the right click Edit
• Type *.* to ignore all files (or *.jpg for just jpg files, etc.)

    ` 
//Here is the example I used for get the field name also the field value
//Hope This will help to someone
TestModel model = new TestModel ("MyDate", "MyTime", "OUT");
//Get All the fields of the class
 Field[] fields = model.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
//If the field is private make the field to accessible true
fields[0].setAccessible(true);
//Get the field name
  System.out.println(fields[0].getName());
//Get the field value
System.out.println(fields[0].get(model));
`

As stated from David Cournapeau, use figure().

import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.mlab as mlab

plt.figure()
x = [1,10]
y = [30, 1000]
plt.loglog(x, y, basex=10, basey=10, ls="-")
plt.savefig("first.ps")


plt.figure()
x = [10,100]
y = [10, 10000]
plt.loglog(x, y, basex=10, basey=10, ls="-")
plt.savefig("second.ps")

Or subplot(121) / subplot(122) for the same plot, different position.

import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.mlab as mlab

plt.subplot(121)
x = [1,10]
y = [30, 1000]
plt.loglog(x, y, basex=10, basey=10, ls="-")

plt.subplot(122)
x = [10,100]
y = [10, 10000]
plt.loglog(x, y, basex=10, basey=10, ls="-")
plt.savefig("second.ps")

As others pointed out, the only difference is that require throws a fatal error, and include - a catchable warning. As for which one to use, my advice is to stick to include. Why? because you can catch a warning and produce a meaningful feedback to end users. Consider

  // Example 1.
  // users see a standard php error message or a blank screen
  // depending on your display_errors setting
  require 'not_there'; 


  // Example 2.
  // users see a meaningful error message
  try {
      include 'not_there';
  } catch(Exception $e) {
     echo "something strange happened!";
  }

NB: for example 2 to work you need to install an errors-to-exceptions handler, as described here http://www.php.net/manual/en/class.errorexception.php

  function exception_error_handler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline ) {
     throw new ErrorException($errstr, 0, $errno, $errfile, $errline);
  }
  set_error_handler("exception_error_handler");   

Push and pull changes

In an simplified way, just do git push and git pull. Changes are merged and if there's a conflict git will let you know and you can resolve it manually.

When you first push to a remote repository you need to do a git push origin master (master being the master branch). From then on you just do the git push.

Push tags with git push --tags.

The password that you use to login to github.com portal does not work in VS Code CLI/Shell. You should copy PAT Token from URL https://github.com/settings/tokens by generating new token and paste that string in CLI as password.

The includes folder in the project is probably missing /usr/include/c++. Goto your project in project explorer, right click -> Properties -> C\C++ Build -> Environment -> add -> value= /usr/include/c++. Restart eclipse.

This are the steps :

1. Download and install latest version of pclink for PC from here.
2. Make sure PCLink is running in Foreground on Asus Zenfone 5 and in settings on rightmost topmost corner click on USB icon and then check the MTP checkbox.
3. Click connect on PCLink on PC.
4. If Asus USB Driver for Zenfone 5 is properly installed on your PC.You will see 'Asus Android Device' in your Device Manager otherwise install Asus USB Driver for Zenfone 5 from here then try again
5. Now you will be able to see your device online in Android Studio and screen of your device on PCLink software on your PC.

I haven't tried for eclipse but it might work for that also.

For those who are using laravel 5 or above must use public modifier other wise it will throw an exception

Access level to App\yourModelName::$timestamps must be
public (as in class Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model)

public $timestamps = false;

I am not 100% certain of what you mean by 'invalidate', but you can add the following above the require statements to clear the cache:

Object.keys(require.cache).forEach(function(key) { delete require.cache[key] })

Taken from @Dancrumb's comment here

If l is your list and X is your value:

for i in range(len(l) + 1):
    print l[:i] + [X] + l[i:]

To select the item from the contextual menu, you have to just move your mouse positions with the use of Key down event like this:-

Actions action= new Actions(driver);
action.contextClick(productLink).sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).sendKeys(Keys.RETURN).build().perform();

hope this will works for you. Have a great day :)

See the first answer to Accessing a matrix element in the "Mat" object (not the CvMat object) in OpenCV C++
Then just loop over all the elements in cout << M.at<double>(0,0); rather than just 0,0

Or better still with the C++ interface:

cv::Mat M;
cout << "M = " << endl << " "  << M << endl << endl;

You can use the getText() method anywhere in your code it is instancely called by your object, So you can use the method anywhere within a calass

In Windows 8, you may want to remove C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath directory.

from path

It solved my issue.

Classes have an implicit strong reference to their ClassLoader instance, and vice versa. They are garbage collected as with Java objects. Without hitting the tools interface or similar, you can't remove individual classes.

As ever you can get memory leaks. Any strong reference to one of your classes or class loader will leak the whole thing. This occurs with the Sun implementations of ThreadLocal, java.sql.DriverManager and java.beans, for instance.

This is another method for working with Responsive sizes. It will keep your text centered and maintain its position within its parent. If you don't want it centered then it's even easier, just work with the absolute parameters. Keep in mind the main container is using display: inline-block. There are many others ways to do this, depending on what you're working on.

Based off of Centering the Unknown

Working codepen example here

HTML

<div class="containerBox">
    <div class="text-box">
        <h4>Your Text is responsive and centered</h4>
    </div>
    <img class="img-responsive" src="http://placehold.it/900x100"/>
</div>

CSS

.containerBox {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
}
.text-box {
    position: absolute;    
    height: 100%;
    text-align: center;    
    width: 100%;
}
.text-box:before {
   content: '';
   display: inline-block;
   height: 100%;
   vertical-align: middle;
}
h4 {
   display: inline-block;
   font-size: 20px; /*or whatever you want*/
   color: #FFF;   
}
img {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

The Combinations package is not part of the standard CRAN set of packages, but is rather part of a different repository, omegahat. To install it you need to use

install.packages("Combinations", repos = "http://www.omegahat.org/R")

See the documentation at http://www.omegahat.org/Combinations/

Inorder to find an app's name (application label), you need to do the following:
(as shown in other answers)

1. Find the APK path of the app whose name you want to find.
2. Using aapt command, find the app label.

But devices don't ship with the aapt binary out-of-the-box.
So you will need to install it first. You can download it from here:
https://github.com/Calsign/APDE/tree/master/APDE/src/main/assets/aapt-binaries

Check this guide for complete steps:
How to find an app name using package name through ADB Android?
(Disclaimer: I am the author of that blog post)

There is a very simple way to clear a python list. Use del list_name[:].

For example:

>>> a = [1, 2, 3]
>>> b = a
>>> del a[:]
>>> print a, b
[] []

rem Just use "pause" at the end of the batch file.
...
......
.......
pause

by VB function:

Dim m_RowNr(3) as Variant
'
Function RowNr(ByVal strQName As String, ByVal vUniqValue) As Long
' m_RowNr(3)
' 0 - Nr
' 1 - Query Name
' 2 - last date_time
' 3 - UniqValue

If Not m_RowNr(1) = strQName Then
  m_RowNr(0) = 1
  m_RowNr(1) = strQName
ElseIf DateDiff("s", m_RowNr(2), Now) > 9 Then
  m_RowNr(0) = 1
ElseIf Not m_RowNr(3) = vUniqValue Then
  m_RowNr(0) = m_RowNr(0) + 1
End If

m_RowNr(2) = Now
m_RowNr(3) = vUniqValue
RowNr = m_RowNr(0)

End Function

Usage(without sorting option):

SELECT RowNr('title_of_query_or_any_unique_text',A.id) as Nr,A.*
From table A
Order By A.id

if sorting required or multiple tables join then create intermediate table:

 SELECT RowNr('title_of_query_or_any_unique_text',A.id) as Nr,A.*
 INTO table_with_Nr
 From table A
 Order By A.id

Try:

SELECT neededfield, CONCAT(firstname, ' ', lastname) as firstlast 
  FROM users 
WHERE CONCAT(firstname, ' ', lastname) = "Bob Michael Jones"

Your alias firstlast is not available in the where clause of the query unless you do the query as a sub-select.

The problem is that these two queries are each returning more than one row:

select isbn from dbo.lending where (act between @fdate and @tdate) and (stat ='close')
select isbn from dbo.lending where lended_date between @fdate and @tdate

You have two choices, depending on your desired outcome. You can either replace the above queries with something that's guaranteed to return a single row (for example, by using SELECT TOP 1), OR you can switch your = to IN and return multiple rows, like this:

select * from dbo.books where isbn IN (select isbn from dbo.lending where (act between @fdate and @tdate) and (stat ='close'))

function initialize() {
    var location = new google.maps.LatLng(44.5403, -78.5463);
    var mapCanvas = document.getElementById('map_canvas');
    var map_options = {
      center: location,
      zoom: 15,
      mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP
    }
    var map = new google.maps.Map(map_canvas, map_options);

    new google.maps.Marker({
        position: location,
        map: map
    });
}
google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize);

this solution work only .if your want to ignore this Warning

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    tools:ignore="GoogleAppIndexingWarning"
    package="com.example.saloononlinesolution">

C# has a lot of reference types. Even if a container stores the references contiguously, the objects themselves may be scattered through the heap

Here is a simple and more update format of getting the data:

   $now = new \DateTime('now');
   $month = $now->format('m');
   $year = $now->format('Y');

If your example represents your real code, the problem is not in the push, it's that your constructor doesn't do anything.

You need to declare and initialize the x and y members.

Explicitly:

export class Pixel {
    public x: number;
    public y: number;   
    constructor(x: number, y: number) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }
}

Or implicitly:

export class Pixel {
    constructor(public x: number, public y: number) {}
}

If you want to remove the default value constraint, you can do:

ALTER TABLE <table> ALTER COLUMN <column> DROP DEFAULT;

I have created some handy code snippets that'll create overloaded constructors as well. You're welcome to use them: https://github.com/ejbeaty/Power-Snippets

For example: 'ctor2' would create a constructor with two arguments and allow you to tab through them one by one like this:

public MyClass(ArgType argName, ArgType argName)
{

}

Quite amazing how all answers talk about IIS, as if that were the only web server that mattered. Even back in 2010 when the question was asked, Apache had between 60% and 70% of the market share. Anyway,

• The HTTP protocol does not specify a limit.
• The POST method allows sending far more data than the GET method, which is limited by the URL length - about 2KB.
• The maximum POST request body size is configured on the HTTP server and typically ranges from
  1MB to 2GB
• The HTTP client (browser or other user agent) can have its own limitations. Therefore, the maximum POST body request size is min(serverMaximumSize, clientMaximumSize).

Here are the POST body sizes for some of the more popular HTTP servers:

• Ngix (largest web server market share as of April 2019) - default 1MB, no practical maximum (2**63)
• Apache - maximum 2GB, no default documented
• IIS - default 28.6MB for the request length, 2048 bytes for the query string; maximum undocumented
• InfluxDB - default ~25MB, maximum undocumented

This is really simple, since OS 3.0 just set the background color of the cell in the willDisplayCell method. You must not set the color in the cellForRowAtIndexPath.

This works for both the plain and grouped style :

Code:

- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView willDisplayCell:(UITableViewCell *)cell forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    cell.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
}

P.S: Here the documentation extract for willDisplayCell :

"A table view sends this message to its delegate just before it uses cell to draw a row, thereby permitting the delegate to customize the cell object before it is displayed. This method gives the delegate a chance to override state-based properties set earlier by the table view, such as selection and background color. After the delegate returns, the table view sets only the alpha and frame properties, and then only when animating rows as they slide in or out."

I've found this information in this post from colionel. Thank him!

I had the same problem on Windows. Turns out it was caused by the temporary directory PHP uses for uploads. By default this is C:\Windows\Temp, which is not writable for PHP.

In php.ini, add:

upload_tmp_dir = C:\inetpub\temp

Make sure to remove any other upload_tmp_dir settings. Set permissions on C:\inetpub\temp so IUSR and IIS_IUSRS have write permission. Restart the web server and you should be fine.

You can do:

function a {
        if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then
                echo '$1 is set'
        fi
}

Return ABDeadlineType from repository:

public interface ABDeadlineTypeRepository extends JpaRepository<ABDeadlineType, Long> {
    List<ABDeadlineType> findAllSummarizedBy();
}

and then convert to DeadlineType. Manually or use mapstruct.

Or call constructor from @Query annotation:

public interface DeadlineTypeRepository extends JpaRepository<ABDeadlineType, Long> {

    @Query("select new package.DeadlineType(a.id, a.code) from ABDeadlineType a ")
    List<DeadlineType> findAllSummarizedBy();
}

Or use @Projection:

@Projection(name = "deadline", types = { ABDeadlineType.class })
public interface DeadlineType {

    @Value("#{target.id}")
    String getId();

    @Value("#{target.code}")
    String getText();

}

Update: Spring can work without @Projection annotation:

public interface DeadlineType {
    String getId();    
    String getText();
}

When you start SSMS, it allows you to choose a Server Type and Server Name. In the server type dropdown, choose "Integration Services" and connect to the server.

Then you'll be able to see what packages are in the db.

to refresh the form you need to type - me.refresh in the button event on click

This is an old question, but I found that when you create a string like this:

<string name="newline_test">My
New line test</string>

The output in your app will be like this (no newline)

My New line test

When you put the string in quotation marks

<string name="newline_test">"My
New line test"</string>

the newline will appear:

My 
New line test

That seems not possible in my situation, since the function I mentioned is the find function of unordered_set<std::vector*>.

Are you using custom hash/predicate function objects? If not, then you must pass unordered_set<std::vector<int>*>::find() the pointer to the exact vector that you want to find. A pointer to another vector with the same contents will not work. This is not very useful for lookups, to say the least.

Using unordered_set<std::vector<int> > would be better, because then you could perform lookups by value. I think that would also require a custom hash function object because hash does not to my knowledge have a specialization for vector<int>.

Either way, a pointer into the middle of a vector is not itself a vector, as others have explained. You cannot convert an iterator into a pointer to vector without copying its contents.