Your code is reading a sequence of UTF8-encoded bytes, and decoding them using an 8-bit encoding.

You need to fix that code to decode the bytes as UTF8.

Alternatively (not ideal), you could convert the bad string back to the original byte array—by encoding it using the incorrect encoding—then re-decode the bytes as UTF8.

In Unicode the answer is not easily given. The problem, as you already pointed out, are the encodings.

Given any English sentence without diacritic characters, the answer for UTF-8 would be as many bytes as characters and for UTF-16 it would be number of characters times two.

The only encoding where (as of now) we can make the statement about the size is UTF-32. There it's always 32bit per character, even though I imagine that code points are prepared for a future UTF-64 :)

What makes it so difficult are at least two things:

1. composed characters, where instead of using the character entity that is already accented/diacritic (À), a user decided to combine the accent and the base character (`A).
2. code points. Code points are the method by which the UTF-encodings allow to encode more than the number of bits that gives them their name would usually allow. E.g. UTF-8 designates certain bytes which on their own are invalid, but when followed by a valid continuation byte will allow to describe a character beyond the 8-bit range of 0..255. See the Examples and Overlong Encodings below in the Wikipedia article on UTF-8.
   • The excellent example given there is that the € character (code point U+20AC can be represented either as three-byte sequence E2 82 AC or four-byte sequence F0 82 82 AC.
   • Both are valid, and this shows how complicated the answer is when talking about "Unicode" and not about a specific encoding of Unicode, such as UTF-8 or UTF-16.

You need to specify the encoding of the InputStreamReader using the Charset parameter.

Charset inputCharset = Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1");
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis, inputCharset));

This is work for me. i hope to help you.

As far as I know, there is no general library in this context to be suitable for all types of problems. So, for each problem you should test the existing libraries and select the best one which satisfies your problem’s constraints, but often none of them is appropriate. In these cases you can write your own Encoding Detector! As I have wrote ...

I’ve wrote a meta java tool for detecting charset encoding of HTML Web pages, using IBM ICU4j and Mozilla JCharDet as the built-in components. Here you can find my tool, please read the README section before anything else. Also, you can find some basic concepts of this problem in my paper and in its references.

Bellow I provided some helpful comments which I’ve experienced in my work:

• Charset detection is not a foolproof process, because it is essentially based on statistical data and what actually happens is guessing not detecting
• icu4j is the main tool in this context by IBM, imho
• Both TikaEncodingDetector and Lucene-ICU4j are using icu4j and their accuracy had not a meaningful difference from which the icu4j in my tests (at most %1, as I remember)
• icu4j is much more general than jchardet, icu4j is just a bit biased to IBM family encodings while jchardet is strongly biased to utf-8
• Due to the widespread use of UTF-8 in HTML-world; jchardet is a better choice than icu4j in overall, but is not the best choice!
• icu4j is great for East Asian specific encodings like EUC-KR, EUC-JP, SHIFT_JIS, BIG5 and the GB family encodings
• Both icu4j and jchardet are debacle in dealing with HTML pages with Windows-1251 and Windows-1256 encodings. Windows-1251 aka cp1251 is widely used for Cyrillic-based languages like Russian and Windows-1256 aka cp1256 is widely used for Arabic
• Almost all encoding detection tools are using statistical methods, so the accuracy of output strongly depends on the size and the contents of the input
• Some encodings are essentially the same just with a partial differences, so in some cases the guessed or detected encoding may be false but at the same time be true! As about Windows-1252 and ISO-8859-1. (refer to the last paragraph under the 5.2 section of my paper)

I use Ude that is a C# port of Mozilla Universal Charset Detector. It is easy to use and gives some really good results.

pimvdb's answer implemented in python:

def DecodedCharArrayFromByteStreamIn(stringStreamIn):
    #turn string values into opererable numeric byte values
    byteArray = [ord(character) for character in stringStreamIn]
    datalength = byteArray[1] & 127
    indexFirstMask = 2 
    if datalength == 126:
        indexFirstMask = 4
    elif datalength == 127:
        indexFirstMask = 10
    masks = [m for m in byteArray[indexFirstMask : indexFirstMask+4]]
    indexFirstDataByte = indexFirstMask + 4
    decodedChars = []
    i = indexFirstDataByte
    j = 0
    while i < len(byteArray):
        decodedChars.append( chr(byteArray[i] ^ masks[j % 4]) )
        i += 1
        j += 1
    return decodedChars

An Example of usage:

fromclient = '\x81\x8c\xff\xb8\xbd\xbd\xb7\xdd\xd1\xd1\x90\x98\xea\xd2\x8d\xd4\xd9\x9c'
# this looks like "?ŒOÇ¿¢gÓ ç\Ð=«ož" in unicode, received by server
print DecodedCharArrayFromByteStreamIn(fromclient)
# ['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'W', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd', '!']

The main difference is sorting accuracy (when comparing characters in the language) and performance. The only special one is utf8_bin which is for comparing characters in binary format.

utf8_general_ci is somewhat faster than utf8_unicode_ci, but less accurate (for sorting). The specific language utf8 encoding (such as utf8_swedish_ci) contain additional language rules that make them the most accurate to sort for those languages. Most of the time I use utf8_unicode_ci (I prefer accuracy to small performance improvements), unless I have a good reason to prefer a specific language.

You can read more on specific unicode character sets on the MySQL manual - http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/charset-unicode-sets.html

JSON uses square brackets for lists ( [ "one", "two", "three" ] ) and curly brackets for key/value dictionaries (also called objects in JavaScript, {"one":1, "two":"b"}).

The dump is quite correct, you get a list of three elements, each one is a list of two strings.

if you wanted a dictionary, maybe something like this:

x = simplejson.dumps(dict(data))
>>> {"pear": "fish", "apple": "cat", "banana": "dog"}

your expected string ('{{"apple":{"cat"},{"banana":"dog"}}') isn't valid JSON. A

The Problem is Windows and Microsoft applications put byte order marks at the beginning of all your files so other applications often break or don't read these UTF-8 encoding marks. I perfect example of this problem was triggering quirsksmode in old IE web browsers when encoding in UTF-8 as browsers often display web pages based on what encoding falls at the start of the page. It makes a mess when other applications view those UTF-8 Visual Studio pages.

I usually do not recommend Visual Studio Extensions, but I do this one to fix that issue:

Fix File Encoding: https://vlasovstudio.com/fix-file-encoding/

The FixFileEncoding above install REMOVES the byte order mark and forces VS to save ALL FILES without signature in UTF-8. After installing go to Tools > Option then choose "FixFileEncoding". It should allow you to set all saves as UTF-8 . Add "cshtml to the list of files to always save in UTF-8 without the byte order mark as so: ".(htm|html|cshtml)$)".

Now open one of your files in Visual Studio. To verify its saving as UTF-8 go to File > Save As, then under the Save button choose "Save With Encoding". It should choose "UNICODE (Save without Signature)" by default from the list of encodings. Now when you save that page it should always save as UTF-8 without byte order mark at the beginning of the file when saving in Visual Studio.

First, regarding this solution:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
print u"åäö".encode('utf-8')

It's not practical to explicitly print with a given encoding every time. That would be repetitive and error-prone.

A better solution is to change sys.stdout at the start of your program, to encode with a selected encoding. Here is one solution I found on Python: How is sys.stdout.encoding chosen?, in particular a comment by "toka":

import sys
import codecs
sys.stdout = codecs.getwriter('utf8')(sys.stdout)

Both UTF8 and UTF-8 work for me.

For debugging purposes, you could use print(repr(data)).

To display text, always print Unicode. Don't hardcode the character encoding of your environment such as Cp850 inside your script. To decode the HTTP response, see A good way to get the charset/encoding of an HTTP response in Python.

To print Unicode to Windows console, you could use win-unicode-console package.

tl;dr

The answer is NEVER! _{(unless you really know what you're doing)}

9/10 times the solution can be resolved with a proper understanding of encoding/decoding.

1/10 people have an incorrectly defined locale or environment and need to set:

PYTHONIOENCODING="UTF-8"  

in their environment to fix console printing problems.

What does it do?

sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") (struck through to avoid re-use) changes the default encoding/decoding used whenever Python 2.x needs to convert a Unicode() to a str() (and vice-versa) and the encoding is not given. I.e:

str(u"\u20AC")
unicode("€")
"{}".format(u"\u20AC") 

In Python 2.x, the default encoding is set to ASCII and the above examples will fail with:

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

(My console is configured as UTF-8, so "€" = '\xe2\x82\xac', hence exception on \xe2)

or

UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u20ac' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") will allow these to work for me, but won't necessarily work for people who don't use UTF-8. The default of ASCII ensures that assumptions of encoding are not baked into code

Console

sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8") also has a side effect of appearing to fix sys.stdout.encoding, used when printing characters to the console. Python uses the user's locale (Linux/OS X/Un*x) or codepage (Windows) to set this. Occasionally, a user's locale is broken and just requires PYTHONIOENCODING to fix the console encoding.

Example:

$ export LANG=en_GB.gibberish
$ python
>>> import sys
>>> sys.stdout.encoding
'ANSI_X3.4-1968'
>>> print u"\u20AC"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u20ac' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)
>>> exit()

$ PYTHONIOENCODING=UTF-8 python
>>> import sys
>>> sys.stdout.encoding
'UTF-8'
>>> print u"\u20AC"
€

What's so bad with sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")?

People have been developing against Python 2.x for 16 years on the understanding that the default encoding is ASCII. UnicodeError exception handling methods have been written to handle string to Unicode conversions on strings that are found to contain non-ASCII.

From https://anonbadger.wordpress.com/2015/06/16/why-sys-setdefaultencoding-will-break-code/

def welcome_message(byte_string):
    try:
        return u"%s runs your business" % byte_string
    except UnicodeError:
        return u"%s runs your business" % unicode(byte_string,
            encoding=detect_encoding(byte_string))

print(welcome_message(u"Angstrom (Å®)".encode("latin-1"))

Previous to setting defaultencoding this code would be unable to decode the “Å” in the ascii encoding and then would enter the exception handler to guess the encoding and properly turn it into unicode. Printing: Angstrom (Å®) runs your business. Once you’ve set the defaultencoding to utf-8 the code will find that the byte_string can be interpreted as utf-8 and so it will mangle the data and return this instead: Angstrom (U) runs your business.

Changing what should be a constant will have dramatic effects on modules you depend upon. It's better to just fix the data coming in and out of your code.

Example problem

While the setting of defaultencoding to UTF-8 isn't the root cause in the following example, it shows how problems are masked and how, when the input encoding changes, the code breaks in an unobvious way: UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode byte 0x80 in position 3131: invalid start byte

What about this one?

def replace_trash(unicode_string):
     for i in range(0, len(unicode_string)):
         try:
             unicode_string[i].encode("ascii")
         except:
              #means it's non-ASCII
              unicode_string=unicode_string[i].replace(" ") #replacing it with a single space
     return unicode_string

encodeURI()/decodeURI and encodeURIComponent()/decodeURIComponent are utility functions to handle this. Read more here https://stackabuse.com/javascripts-encodeuri-function/

It's a little difficult to tell what you're trying to achieve, but assuming you're trying to get a Base64 string that when decoded is abcdef==, the following should work:

byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("abcdef==");
string base64 = Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
Console.WriteLine(base64);

This will output: YWJjZGVmPT0= which is abcdef== encoded in Base64.

Edit:

To decode a Base64 string, simply use Convert.FromBase64String(). E.g.

string base64 = "YWJjZGVmPT0=";
byte[] bytes = Convert.FromBase64String(base64);

At this point, bytes will be a byte[] (not a string). If we know that the byte array represents a string in UTF8, then it can be converted back to the string form using:

string str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
Console.WriteLine(str);

This will output the original input string, abcdef== in this case.

string StringFold(string input, Func<char, string> proc)
{
  return string.Concat(input.Select(proc).ToArray());
}

string FoldProc(char input)
{
  if (input >= 128)
  {
    return string.Format(@"\u{0:x4}", (int)input);
  }
  return input.ToString();
}

string EscapeToAscii(string input)
{
  return StringFold(input, FoldProc);
}

This works for uppercase and lowercase. I don't know how elegant you deem it to be.

def rot13(s):
    rot=lambda x:chr(ord(x)+13) if chr(ord(x.lower())+13).isalpha()==True else chr(ord(x)-13)
    s=[rot(i) for i in filter(lambda x:x!=',',map(str,s))]
    return ''.join(s)

You need to encode Unicode explicitly before writing to a file, otherwise Python does it for you with the default ASCII codec.

Pick an encoding and stick with it:

f.write(printinfo.encode('utf8') + '\n')

or use io.open() to create a file object that'll encode for you as you write to the file:

import io

f = io.open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf8')

You may want to read:

• The Python Unicode HOWTO

• Pragmatic Unicode by Ned Batchelder

• The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets (No Excuses!) by Joel Spolsky

before continuing.

The reason the encoded array is longer by about a quarter is that base-64 encoding uses only six bits out of every byte; that is its reason of existence - to encode arbitrary data, possibly with zeros and other non-printable characters, in a way suitable for exchange through ASCII-only channels, such as e-mail.

The way you get your original array back is by using Convert.FromBase64String:

 byte[] temp_backToBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(temp_inBase64);

Try below:

<script type="text/javascript">

function resetPassword() {
   url: "submitForgotPassword.html?email="+fixEscape(Stringwith+char);
}
function fixEscape(str)
{
    return escape(str).replace( "+", "%2B" );
}
</script>

I am using following code to decode base64 string in node API nodejs version 10.7.0

let data = 'c3RhY2thYnVzZS5jb20=';  // Base64 string
let buff = new Buffer(data, 'base64');  //Buffer
let text = buff.toString('ascii');  //this is the data type that you want your Base64 data to convert to
console.log('"' + data + '" converted from Base64 to ASCII is "' + text + '"'); 

Please don't try to run above code in console of the browser, won't work. Put the code in server side files of nodejs. I am using above line code in API development.

Can you provide more details about what you are trying to do? In general, if you have a unicode string, you can use encode to convert it into string with appropriate encoding. Eg:

>>> a = u"\u00E1"
>>> type(a)
<type 'unicode'>
>>> a.encode('utf-8')
'\xc3\xa1'
>>> a.encode('latin-1')
'\xe1'

HTTP sends bytes. If the resource in question is text, the character encoding is normally specified, either by the Content-Type HTTP header or by another mechanism (an RFC, HTML meta http-equiv,...).

urllib should know how to encode the bytes to a string, but it's too naïve—it's a horribly underpowered and un-Pythonic library.

Dive Into Python 3 provides an overview about the situation.

Your "work-around" is fine—although it feels wrong, it's the correct way to do it.

Note: this was an experiment to see how UTF-8 encoding worked internally. The solution offered by vilicvane, to use a UTF8Encoding object that is initialised to throw an exception on decoding failure, is much simpler, and basically does the same thing.

I wrote this piece of code to differentiate between UTF-8 and Windows-1252. It shouldn't be used for gigantic text files though, since it loads the entire thing into memory and scans it completely. I used it for .srt subtitle files, just to be able to save them back in the encoding in which they were loaded.

The encoding given to the function as ref should be the 8-bit fallback encoding to use in case the file is detected as not being valid UTF-8; generally, on Windows systems, this will be Windows-1252. This doesn't do anything fancy like checking actual valid ascii ranges though, and doesn't detect UTF-16 even on byte order mark.

The theory behind the bitwise detection can be found here: https://ianthehenry.com/2015/1/17/decoding-utf-8/

Basically, the bit range of the first byte determines how many after it are part of the UTF-8 entity. These bytes after it are always in the same bit range.

/// <summary>
/// Reads a text file, and detects whether its encoding is valid UTF-8 or ascii.
/// If not, decodes the text using the given fallback encoding.
/// Bit-wise mechanism for detecting valid UTF-8 based on
/// https://ianthehenry.com/2015/1/17/decoding-utf-8/
/// </summary>
/// <param name="docBytes">The bytes read from the file.</param>
/// <param name="encoding">The default encoding to use as fallback if the text is detected not to be pure ascii or UTF-8 compliant. This ref parameter is changed to the detected encoding.</param>
/// <returns>The contents of the read file, as String.</returns>
public static String ReadFileAndGetEncoding(Byte[] docBytes, ref Encoding encoding)
{
    if (encoding == null)
        encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding(1252);
    Int32 len = docBytes.Length;
    // byte order mark for utf-8. Easiest way of detecting encoding.
    if (len > 3 && docBytes[0] == 0xEF && docBytes[1] == 0xBB && docBytes[2] == 0xBF)
    {
        encoding = new UTF8Encoding(true);
        // Note that even when initialising an encoding to have
        // a BOM, it does not cut it off the front of the input.
        return encoding.GetString(docBytes, 3, len - 3);
    }
    Boolean isPureAscii = true;
    Boolean isUtf8Valid = true;
    for (Int32 i = 0; i < len; ++i)
    {
        Int32 skip = TestUtf8(docBytes, i);
        if (skip == 0)
            continue;
        if (isPureAscii)
            isPureAscii = false;
        if (skip < 0)
        {
            isUtf8Valid = false;
            // if invalid utf8 is detected, there's no sense in going on.
            break;
        }
        i += skip;
    }
    if (isPureAscii)
        encoding = new ASCIIEncoding(); // pure 7-bit ascii.
    else if (isUtf8Valid)
        encoding = new UTF8Encoding(false);
    // else, retain given encoding. This should be an 8-bit encoding like Windows-1252.
    return encoding.GetString(docBytes);
}

/// <summary>
/// Tests if the bytes following the given offset are UTF-8 valid, and
/// returns the amount of bytes to skip ahead to do the next read if it is.
/// If the text is not UTF-8 valid it returns -1.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="binFile">Byte array to test</param>
/// <param name="offset">Offset in the byte array to test.</param>
/// <returns>The amount of bytes to skip ahead for the next read, or -1 if the byte sequence wasn't valid UTF-8</returns>
public static Int32 TestUtf8(Byte[] binFile, Int32 offset)
{
    // 7 bytes (so 6 added bytes) is the maximum the UTF-8 design could support,
    // but in reality it only goes up to 3, meaning the full amount is 4.
    const Int32 maxUtf8Length = 4;
    Byte current = binFile[offset];
    if ((current & 0x80) == 0)
        return 0; // valid 7-bit ascii. Added length is 0 bytes.
    Int32 len = binFile.Length;
    for (Int32 addedlength = 1; addedlength < maxUtf8Length; ++addedlength)
    {
        Int32 fullmask = 0x80;
        Int32 testmask = 0;
        // This code adds shifted bits to get the desired full mask.
        // If the full mask is [111]0 0000, then test mask will be [110]0 0000. Since this is
        // effectively always the previous step in the iteration I just store it each time.
        for (Int32 i = 0; i <= addedlength; ++i)
        {
            testmask = fullmask;
            fullmask += (0x80 >> (i+1));
        }
        // figure out bit masks from level
        if ((current & fullmask) == testmask)
        {
            if (offset + addedlength >= len)
                return -1;
            // Lookahead. Pattern of any following bytes is always 10xxxxxx
            for (Int32 i = 1; i <= addedlength; ++i)
            {
                if ((binFile[offset + i] & 0xC0) != 0x80)
                    return -1;
            }
            return addedlength;
        }
    }
    // Value is greater than the maximum allowed for utf8. Deemed invalid.
    return -1;
}

I had this issue with MacOS High Sierria.

You can set up locale as well as language to UTF-8 format using below command :

export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

Now in order to check whether locale environment is updated use below command :

Locale

Within the range 0 = c < 128, yes the ' is the only difference for CPython 2.6.

>>> set(unichr(c).encode('unicode_escape') for c in range(128)) - set(chr(c).encode('string_escape') for c in range(128))
set(["'"])

Outside of this range the two types are not exchangeable.

>>> '\x80'.encode('string_escape')
'\\x80'
>>> '\x80'.encode('unicode_escape')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can’t decode byte 0x80 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

>>> u'1'.encode('unicode_escape')
'1'
>>> u'1'.encode('string_escape')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: escape_encode() argument 1 must be str, not unicode

On Python 3.x, the string_escape encoding no longer exists, since str can only store Unicode.

As Mark C points out, you can use the MSXML Base64 encoding functionality as described here.

I prefer late binding because it's easier to deploy, so here's the same function that will work without any VBA references:

Function EncodeBase64(text As String) As String
  Dim arrData() As Byte
  arrData = StrConv(text, vbFromUnicode)

  Dim objXML As Variant
  Dim objNode As Variant

  Set objXML = CreateObject("MSXML2.DOMDocument")
  Set objNode = objXML.createElement("b64")

  objNode.dataType = "bin.base64"
  objNode.nodeTypedValue = arrData
  EncodeBase64 = objNode.text

  Set objNode = Nothing
  Set objXML = Nothing
End Function

Make sure you've set your locale settings right before running the script from the shell, e.g.

$ locale -a | grep "^en_.\+UTF-8"
en_GB.UTF-8
en_US.UTF-8
$ export LC_ALL=en_GB.UTF-8
$ export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8

Docs: man locale, man setlocale.

Well I got this Issue too in my few websites and all i need to do is customize the content fetler for HTML entites. before that more i delete them more i got, so just change you html fiter or parsing function for the page and it worked. Its mainly due to HTML editors in most of CMSs. the way they store parse the data caused this issue (In My case). May this would Help in your case too

This is a bug in .NET. When PowerShell launches, it caches the output handle (Console.Out). The Encoding property of that text writer does not pick up the value StandardOutputEncoding property.

When you change it from within PowerShell, the Encoding property of the cached output writer returns the cached value, so the output is still encoded with the default encoding.

As a workaround, I would suggest not changing the encoding. It will be returned to you as a Unicode string, at which point you can manage the encoding yourself.

Caching example:

102 [C:\Users\leeholm]
>> $r1 = [Console]::Out

103 [C:\Users\leeholm]
>> $r1

Encoding                                          FormatProvider
--------                                          --------------
System.Text.SBCSCodePageEncoding                  en-US



104 [C:\Users\leeholm]
>> [Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8

105 [C:\Users\leeholm]
>> $r1

Encoding                                          FormatProvider
--------                                          --------------
System.Text.SBCSCodePageEncoding                  en-US

In eclipse try to go to file properties (Alt+Enter) and change the Resource → 'Text File encoding' → Other to UTF-8. Reopen the file and check there will be junk character somewhere in the string/file. Remove it. Save the file.

Change the encoding Resource → 'Text File encoding' back to Default.

Compile and deploy the code.

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        String unicodeString =
        "This Unicode string contains two characters " +
        "with codes outside the traditional ASCII code range, " +
        "Pi (\u03a0) and Sigma (\u03a3).";

        Console.WriteLine("Original string:");
        Console.WriteLine(unicodeString);
        UnicodeEncoding unicodeEncoding = new UnicodeEncoding();
        byte[] utf16Bytes = unicodeEncoding.GetBytes(unicodeString);
        char[] chars = unicodeEncoding.GetChars(utf16Bytes, 2, utf16Bytes.Length - 2);
        string s = new string(chars);
        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.WriteLine("Char Array:");
        foreach (char c in chars) Console.Write(c);
        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.WriteLine();
        Console.WriteLine("String from Char Array:");
        Console.WriteLine(s);

        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

You should define source code encoding, add this to the top of your script:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

The reason why it works differently in console and in the IDE is, likely, because of different default encodings set. You can check it by running:

import sys
print sys.getdefaultencoding()

Also see:

• Why declare unicode by string in python?
• Changing default encoding of Python?
• Correct way to define Python source code encoding

Type

chcp

to see your current code page (as Dewfy already said).

Use

nlsinfo

to see all installed code pages and find out what your code page number means.

You need to have Windows Server 2003 Resource kit installed (works on Windows XP) to use nlsinfo.

I am pretty sure it won't be possible with older versions of IE. Before the accept-charset attribute was devised, there was no way for form elements to specify which character encoding they accepted, and the best that browsers could do is assume the encoding of the page the form is in will do.

It is a bit sad that you need to know which encoding was used -- nowadays we would expect our web frameworks to take care of such details invisibly and expose the text data to the application as Unicode strings, already decoded...

No above answer resolve my issue. When i download xml it apppends <xml to my xml. I simply

xml = parser.getXmlFromUrl(url);

xml = xml.substring(3);// it remove first three character from string,

now it is running accurately.

When you see character sequences like ç and é, it's usually an indication that a UTF-8 file has been opened by a program that reads it in as ANSI (or similar). Unicode characters such as these:

U+00C2 Latin capital letter A with circumflex
U+00C3 Latin capital letter A with tilde
U+0082 Break permitted here
U+0083 No break here

tend to show up in ANSI text because of the variable-byte strategy that UTF-8 uses. This strategy is explained very well here.

The advantage for you is that the appearance of these odd characters makes it relatively easy to find, and thus replace, instances of incorrect conversion.

I believe that, since ANSI always uses 1 byte per character, you can handle this situation with a simple search-and-replace operation. Or more conveniently, with a program that includes a table mapping between the offending sequences and the desired characters, like these:

“ -> “ # should be an opening double curly quote
â€? -> ” # should be a closing double curly quote

Any given text, assuming it's in English, will have a relatively small number of different types of substitutions.

Hope that helps.

Unicode is not an encoding - to quote Kumar McMillan:

If ASCII, UTF-8, and other byte strings are "text" ...

...then Unicode is "text-ness";

it is the abstract form of text

Have a read of McMillan's Unicode In Python, Completely Demystified talk from PyCon 2008, it explains things a lot better than most of the related answers on Stack Overflow.

UTF-8 is a method for encoding Unicode characters using 8-bit sequences.

Unicode is a standard for representing a great variety of characters from many languages.

UTF stands for stands for Unicode Transformation Format.Basically in today's world there are scripts written in hundreds of other languages, formats not covered by the basic ASCII used earlier. Hence, UTF came into existence.

UTF-8 has character encoding capabilities and its code unit is 8 bits while that for UTF-16 it is 16 bits.

The usage of Base64 I'm going to describe here is somewhat a hack. So if you don't like hacks, please do not go on.

I went into trouble when I discovered that MySQL's utf8 does not support 4-byte unicode characters since it uses a 3-byte version of utf8. So what I did to support full 4-byte unicode over MySQL's utf8? Well, base64 encode strings when storing into the database and base64 decode when retrieving.

Since base64 encoding and decoding is very fast, the above worked perfectly.

You have the following points to take note of:

• Base64 encoding uses 33% more storage

• Strings stored in the database wont be human readable (You could sell that as a feature that database strings use a basic form of encryption).

You could use the above method for any storage engine that does not support unicode.

One other point that hasn't been mentioned relates to Java Servlets working with Ajax. I have situations where a web page is picking up utf-8 text from the user sending this to a JavaScript file which includes it in a URI sent to the Servlet. The Servlet queries a database, captures the result and returns it as XML to the JavaScript file which formats it and inserts the formatted response into the original web page.

In one web app I was following an early Ajax book's instructions for wrapping up the JavaScript in constructing the URI. The example in the book used the escape() method, which I discovered (the hard way) is wrong. For utf-8 you must use encodeURIComponent().

Few people seem to roll their own Ajax these days, but I thought I might as well add this.

In Python 3, urllib.quote has been moved to urllib.parse.quote and it does handle unicode by default.

>>> from urllib.parse import quote
>>> quote('/test')
'/test'
>>> quote('/test', safe='')
'%2Ftest'
>>> quote('/El Niño/')
'/El%20Ni%C3%B1o/'

You need to unicode each element of the list individually

[x.encode('utf-8') for x in tmp]

You can set a default encoding-set whenever you run eclipse.exe.

1. Open eclipse.ini in your eclipse home directory Or STS.ini in case of STS(Spring Tool Suite)
2. put the line below at the end of the file

-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8

Writing a BOM to the output CSV file actually did work for me in Django:

def handlePersoonListExport(request):
    # Retrieve a query_set
    ...

    template = loader.get_template("export.csv")
    context = Context({
        'data': query_set,
    })

    response = HttpResponse()
    response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=export.csv'
    response['Content-Type'] = 'text/csv; charset=utf-8'
    response.write("\xEF\xBB\xBF")
    response.write(template.render(context))

    return response

For more info http://crashcoursing.blogspot.com/2011/05/exporting-csv-with-special-characters.html Thanks guys!

Here's a nice fun LINQ example.

public static byte[] StringToByteArray(string hex) {
    return Enumerable.Range(0, hex.Length)
                     .Where(x => x % 2 == 0)
                     .Select(x => Convert.ToByte(hex.Substring(x, 2), 16))
                     .ToArray();
}

As of Node.js v6.0.0 using the constructor method has been deprecated and the following method should instead be used to construct a new buffer from a base64 encoded string:

var b64string = /* whatever */;
var buf = Buffer.from(b64string, 'base64'); // Ta-da

For Node.js v5.11.1 and below

Construct a new Buffer and pass 'base64' as the second argument:

var b64string = /* whatever */;
var buf = new Buffer(b64string, 'base64'); // Ta-da

If you want to be clean, you can check whether from exists :

if (typeof Buffer.from === "function") {
    // Node 5.10+
    buf = Buffer.from(b64string, 'base64'); // Ta-da
} else {
    // older Node versions, now deprecated
    buf = new Buffer(b64string, 'base64'); // Ta-da
}

Maybe it can help
Convert one codepage to another:

    public static string fnStringConverterCodepage(string sText, string sCodepageIn = "ISO-8859-8", string sCodepageOut="ISO-8859-8")
    {
        string sResultado = string.Empty;
        try
        {
            byte[] tempBytes;
            tempBytes = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(sCodepageIn).GetBytes(sText);
            sResultado = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(sCodepageOut).GetString(tempBytes);
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            sResultado = "";
        }
        return sResultado;
    }

Usage:

string sMsg = "ERRO: Não foi possivel acessar o servico de Autenticação";
var sOut = fnStringConverterCodepage(sMsg ,"ISO-8859-1","UTF-8"));

Output:

"Não foi possivel acessar o servico de Autenticação"

Android has always had the Uri class as part of the SDK: http://developer.android.com/reference/android/net/Uri.html

You can simply do something like:

String requestURL = String.format("http://www.example.com/?a=%s&b=%s", Uri.encode("foo bar"), Uri.encode("100% fubar'd"));

@NominSim There may be other character, so I should detect it by length.

private String forceUtf8Coding(String str) {
    str = str.replace("\\","");
    String[] arr = str.split("u");
    StringBuilder text = new StringBuilder();
    for(int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++){
        String a = arr[i];
        String b = "";
        if (arr[i].length() > 4){
            a = arr[i].substring(0, 4);
            b = arr[i].substring(4);
        }
        int hexVal = Integer.parseInt(a, 16);
        text.append((char) hexVal).append(b);
    }
    return text.toString();
}

The m000493 method seems to perform some kind of XOR encryption. This means that the same method can be used for both encrypting and decrypting the text. All you have to do is reverse m0001cd:

string p0 = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String("OBFZDT..."));

string result = m000493(p0, "_p0lizei.");
//    result == "gaia^unplugged^Ta..."

with return m0001cd(builder3.ToString()); changed to return builder3.ToString();.

If you know the some content of the file you can try to decode it with several encoding and see which is missing. In general there is no way since a text file is a text file and those are stupid ;)

var result = System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(text);

Adding the following line in the head tag fixed my issue.

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

There's no general way to tell if a file is encoded with a specific encoding. Remember that an encoding is nothing more but an "agreement" how the bits in a file should be mapped to characters.

If you don't know which of your files are actually already encoded in UTF-8 and which ones are encoded in windows-1252, you will have to inspect all files and find out yourself. In the worst case that could mean that you have to open every single one of them with either of the two encodings and see whether they "look" correct -- i.e., all characters are displayed correctly. Of course, you may use tool support in order to do that, for instance, if you know for sure that certain characters are contained in the files that have a different mapping in windows-1252 vs. UTF-8, you could grep for them after running the files through 'iconv' as mentioned by Seva Akekseyev.

Another lucky case for you would be, if you know that the files actually contain only characters that are encoded identically in both UTF-8 and windows-1252. In that case, of course, you're done already.

You can use the codecs module, like this:

import codecs
BLOCKSIZE = 1048576 # or some other, desired size in bytes
with codecs.open(sourceFileName, "r", "your-source-encoding") as sourceFile:
    with codecs.open(targetFileName, "w", "utf-8") as targetFile:
        while True:
            contents = sourceFile.read(BLOCKSIZE)
            if not contents:
                break
            targetFile.write(contents)

EDIT: added BLOCKSIZE parameter to control file chunk size.

Ref: http://docs.python.org/howto/unicode

Reading Unicode from a file is therefore simple:

import codecs
with codecs.open('unicode.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    for line in f:
        print repr(line)

It's also possible to open files in update mode, allowing both reading and writing:

with codecs.open('test', encoding='utf-8', mode='w+') as f:
    f.write(u'\u4500 blah blah blah\n')
    f.seek(0)
    print repr(f.readline()[:1])

EDIT: I'm assuming that your intended goal is just to be able to read the file properly into a string in Python. If you're trying to convert to an ASCII string from Unicode, then there's really no direct way to do so, since the Unicode characters won't necessarily exist in ASCII.

If you're trying to convert to an ASCII string, try one of the following:

1. Replace the specific unicode chars with ASCII equivalents, if you are only looking to handle a few special cases such as this particular example

2. Use the unicodedata module's normalize() and the string.encode() method to convert as best you can to the next closest ASCII equivalent (Ref https://web.archive.org/web/20090228203858/http://techxplorer.com/2006/07/18/converting-unicode-to-ascii-using-python):

   >>> teststr
   u'I don\xe2\x80\x98t like this'
   >>> unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', teststr).encode('ascii', 'ignore')
   'I donat like this'
   

\\d{3} matches any sequence of three digits in Java.

I'm also reading an exported file which contains french and German languages. I used Encoding.GetEncoding("iso-8859-1"), true which worked out without any challenges.

The simplest and shortest way I could find for SQL Server 2012 and above is BINARY BASE64 :

SELECT CAST('string' as varbinary(max)) FOR XML PATH(''), BINARY BASE64

For Base64 to string

SELECT CAST( CAST( 'c3RyaW5n' as XML ).value('.','varbinary(max)') AS varchar(max) )

( or nvarchar(max) for Unicode strings )

ShowEncoding is another simple plugin that shows you the encoding in the status bar. That's all it does, to convert between encodings use the built-in "Save with Encoding" and "Reopen with Encoding" commands.

My synopsis of rfc2397 is:

Once you've got your base64 encoded image data put it inside the <Image></Image> tags prefixed with "data:{mimetype};base64," this is similar to the prefixing done in the parenthesis of url() definition in CSS or in the quoted value of the src attribute of the img tag in [X]HTML. You can test the data url in firefox by putting the data:image/... line into the URL field and pressing enter, it should show your image.

For actually encoding I think we need to go over all your options, not just PHP, because there's so many ways to base64 encode something.

1. Use the base64 command line tool. It's part of the GNU coreutils (v6+) and pretty much default in any Cygwin, Linux, GnuWin32 install, but not the BSDs I tried. Issue: $ base64 imagefile.ico > imagefile.base64.txt
2. Use a tool that features the option to convert to base64, like Notepad++ which has the feature under plugins->MIME tools->base64 Encode
3. Email yourself the file and view the raw email contents, copy and paste.
4. Use a web form.

A note on mime-types: I would prefer you use one of image/png image/jpeg or image/gif as I can't find the popular image/x-icon. Should that be image/vnd.microsoft.icon? Also the other formats are much shorter.

compare 265 bytes vs 1150 bytes:

data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAMAAAAoLQ9TAAAAVFBMVEWcZjTcViTMuqT8/vzcYjTkhhTkljT87tz03sRkZmS8mnT03tT89vTsvoTk1sz86uTkekzkjmzkwpT01rTsmnzsplTUwqz89uy0jmzsrmTknkT0zqT3X4fRAAAAbklEQVR4XnXOVw6FIBBAUafQsZfX9r/PB8JoTPT+QE4o01AtMoS8HkALcH8BGmGIAvaXLw0wCqxKz0Q9w1LBfFSiJBzljVerlbYhlBO4dZHM/F3llybncbIC6N+70Q7OlUm7DdO+gKs9gyRwdgd/LOcGXHzLN5gAAAAASUVORK5CYII=

data:image/x-icon;base64,AAABAAEAEBAAAAEAIABoBAAAFgAAACgAAAAQAAAAIAAAAAEAIAAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/////ZmZm/2ZmZv9mZmb/ZmZm/2ZmZv9mZmb/ZmZm/2ZmZv9mZmb/ZmZm/2ZmZv9mZmb/ZmZm/2ZmZv///////////2ZmZv9mZmb/ZmZm/2ZmZv9mZmb/ZmZm/2ZmZv9mZmb/ZmZm/2ZmZv9mZmb/ZmZm/2ZmZv9mZmb///////////9mZmb/ZmZm//////////////////////////////////////////////////////9mZmb/ZmZm////////////ZmZm/2ZmZv//////ZmZm/2ZmZv9mZmb/ZmZm/2ZmZv9mZmb/ZmZm/2ZmZv//////ZmZm/2ZmZv///////////2ZmZv9mZmb//////2ZmZv9mZmb/ZmZm/2ZmZv9mZmb/ZmZm/2ZmZv9mZmb//////2ZmZv9mZmb///////////9mZmb/ZmZm////////////////////////////8fX4/8nW5P+twtb/oLjP//////9mZmb/ZmZm////////////////////////////oLjP/3eZu/9pj7T/M2aZ/zNmmf8zZpn/M2aZ/zNmmf///////////////////////////////////////////zNmmf8zZpn/M2aZ/zNmmf8zZpn/d5m7/6C4z/+WwuH/wN/3//////////////////////////////////////+guM//rcLW/8nW5P/x9fj//////9/v+/+w1/X/QZ7m/1Cm6P//////////////////////////////////////////////////////7/f9/4C+7v8xluT/EYbg/zGW5P/A3/f/0933/9Pd9//////////////////////////////////f7/v/YK7q/xGG4P8RhuD/MZbk/7DX9f//////4uj6/zJh2/8yYdv/8PT8////////////////////////////UKbo/xGG4P8xluT/sNf1////////////4uj6/zJh2/8jVtj/e5ro/////////////////////////////////8Df9/+gz/P/////////////////8PT8/0944P8jVtj/bI7l/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2yO5f8jVtj/T3jg//D0/P///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////3ua6P8jVtj/MmHb/+Lo+v////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////D0/P8yYdv/I1bY/9Pd9///////////////////////AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

Regarding python2 (and python2 only), some of the former answers rely on using the following hack:

import sys
reload(sys)  # Reload is a hack
sys.setdefaultencoding('UTF8')

It is discouraged to use it (check this or this)

In my case, it come with a side-effect: I'm using ipython notebooks, and once I run the code the ´print´ function no longer works. I guess there would be solution to it, but still I think using the hack should not be the correct option.

After trying many options, the one that worked for me was using the same code in the sitecustomize.py, where that piece of code is meant to be. After evaluating that module, the setdefaultencoding function is removed from sys.

So the solution is to append to file /usr/lib/python2.7/sitecustomize.py the code:

import sys
sys.setdefaultencoding('UTF8')

When I use virtualenvwrapper the file I edit is ~/.virtualenvs/venv-name/lib/python2.7/sitecustomize.py.

And when I use with python notebooks and conda, it is ~/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/sitecustomize.py

In android I would use this code:

Uri myUI = Uri.parse ("http://example.com/query").buildUpon().appendQueryParameter("q","random word A3500 bank 24").build();

Where Uri is a android.net.Uri

The equals sign (=) is used as padding in certain forms of base64 encoding. The Wikipedia article on base64 has all the details.

You can set the variable 'fileencodings' in your .vimrc.

This is a list of character encodings considered when starting to edit an existing file. When a file is read, Vim tries to use the first mentioned character encoding. If an error is detected, the next one in the list is tried. When an encoding is found that works, 'fileencoding' is set to it. If all fail, 'fileencoding' is set to an empty string, which means the value of 'encoding' is used.

See :help filencodings

If you often work with e.g. cp1252, you can add it there:

set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp1252,default,latin9

This is really strange... Once set, the default Charset is cached and it isn't changed while the class is in memory. Setting the "file.encoding" property with System.setProperty("file.encoding", "Latin-1"); does nothing. Every time Charset.defaultCharset() is called it returns the cached charset.

Here are my results:

Default Charset=ISO-8859-1
file.encoding=Latin-1
Default Charset=ISO-8859-1
Default Charset in Use=ISO8859_1

I'm using JVM 1.6 though.

(update)

Ok. I did reproduce your bug with JVM 1.5.

Looking at the source code of 1.5, the cached default charset isn't being set. I don't know if this is a bug or not but 1.6 changes this implementation and uses the cached charset:

JVM 1.5:

public static Charset defaultCharset() {
    synchronized (Charset.class) {
        if (defaultCharset == null) {
            java.security.PrivilegedAction pa =
                    new GetPropertyAction("file.encoding");
            String csn = (String) AccessController.doPrivileged(pa);
            Charset cs = lookup(csn);
            if (cs != null)
                return cs;
            return forName("UTF-8");
        }
        return defaultCharset;
    }
}

JVM 1.6:

public static Charset defaultCharset() {
    if (defaultCharset == null) {
        synchronized (Charset.class) {
            java.security.PrivilegedAction pa =
                    new GetPropertyAction("file.encoding");
            String csn = (String) AccessController.doPrivileged(pa);
            Charset cs = lookup(csn);
            if (cs != null)
                defaultCharset = cs;
            else
                defaultCharset = forName("UTF-8");
        }
    }
    return defaultCharset;
}

When you set the file encoding to file.encoding=Latin-1 the next time you call Charset.defaultCharset(), what happens is, because the cached default charset isn't set, it will try to find the appropriate charset for the name Latin-1. This name isn't found, because it's incorrect, and returns the default UTF-8.

As for why the IO classes such as OutputStreamWriter return an unexpected result,
the implementation of sun.nio.cs.StreamEncoder (witch is used by these IO classes) is different as well for JVM 1.5 and JVM 1.6. The JVM 1.6 implementation is based in the Charset.defaultCharset() method to get the default encoding, if one is not provided to IO classes. The JVM 1.5 implementation uses a different method Converters.getDefaultEncodingName(); to get the default charset. This method uses its own cache of the default charset that is set upon JVM initialization:

JVM 1.6:

public static StreamEncoder forOutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out,
        Object lock,
        String charsetName)
        throws UnsupportedEncodingException
{
    String csn = charsetName;
    if (csn == null)
        csn = Charset.defaultCharset().name();
    try {
        if (Charset.isSupported(csn))
            return new StreamEncoder(out, lock, Charset.forName(csn));
    } catch (IllegalCharsetNameException x) { }
    throw new UnsupportedEncodingException (csn);
}

JVM 1.5:

public static StreamEncoder forOutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out,
        Object lock,
        String charsetName)
        throws UnsupportedEncodingException
{
    String csn = charsetName;
    if (csn == null)
        csn = Converters.getDefaultEncodingName();
    if (!Converters.isCached(Converters.CHAR_TO_BYTE, csn)) {
        try {
            if (Charset.isSupported(csn))
                return new CharsetSE(out, lock, Charset.forName(csn));
        } catch (IllegalCharsetNameException x) { }
    }
    return new ConverterSE(out, lock, csn);
}

But I agree with the comments. You shouldn't rely on this property. It's an implementation detail.

10Y (!) had passed since this was asked, and still I see no mention of MS's good, non-GPL'ed solution: IMultiLanguage2 API.

Most libraries already mentioned are based on Mozilla's UDE - and it seems reasonable that browsers have already tackled similar problems. I don't know what is chrome's solution, but since IE 5.0 MS have released theirs, and it is:

1. Free of GPL-and-the-like licensing issues,
2. Backed and maintained probably forever,
3. Gives rich output - all valid candidates for encoding/codepages along with confidence scores,
4. Surprisingly easy to use (it is a single function call).

It is a native COM call, but here's some very nice work by Carsten Zeumer, that handles the interop mess for .net usage. There are some others around, but by and large this library doesn't get the attention it deserves.

Also remember that they all encode different sets of characters, and select the one you need appropriately. encodeURI() encodes fewer characters than encodeURIComponent(), which encodes fewer (and also different, to dannyp's point) characters than escape().

When generating mapping files using doctrine I ran into same issue. I fixed it by removing all comments that some fields had in the database.

You need to use the iconv package, specifically its iconv function.

It is not possible. §2.3 says that "." is an unreserved character and that "URIs that differ in the replacement of an unreserved character with its corresponding percent-encoded US-ASCII octet are equivalent". Therefore, /%2E%2E/ is the same as /../, and that will get normalized away.

(This is a combination of an answer by bobince and a comment by slowpoison.)

A character in Java is a Unicode code-unit which is treated as an unsigned number. So if you perform c = (char)b the value you get is 2^16 - 56 or 65536 - 56.

Or more precisely, the byte is first converted to a signed integer with the value 0xFFFFFFC8 using sign extension in a widening conversion. This in turn is then narrowed down to 0xFFC8 when casting to a char, which translates to the positive number 65480.

From the language specification:

5.1.4. Widening and Narrowing Primitive Conversion

First, the byte is converted to an int via widening primitive conversion (§5.1.2), and then the resulting int is converted to a char by narrowing primitive conversion (§5.1.3).

To get the right point use char c = (char) (b & 0xFF) which first converts the byte value of b to the positive integer 200 by using a mask, zeroing the top 24 bits after conversion: 0xFFFFFFC8 becomes 0x000000C8 or the positive number 200 in decimals.

Above is a direct explanation of what happens during conversion between the byte, int and char primitive types.

If you want to encode/decode characters from bytes, use Charset, CharsetEncoder, CharsetDecoder or one of the convenience methods such as new String(byte[] bytes, Charset charset) or String#toBytes(Charset charset). You can get the character set (such as UTF-8 or Windows-1252) from StandardCharsets.

When you get a UnicodeEncodeError, it means that somewhere in your code you convert directly a byte string to a unicode one. By default in Python 2 it uses ascii encoding, and utf8 encoding in Python3 (both may fail because not every byte is valid in either encoding)

To avoid that, you must use explicit decoding.

If you may have 2 different encoding in your input file, one of them accepts any byte (say UTF8 and Latin1), you can try to first convert a string with first and use the second one if a UnicodeDecodeError occurs.

def robust_decode(bs):
    '''Takes a byte string as param and convert it into a unicode one.
First tries UTF8, and fallback to Latin1 if it fails'''
    cr = None
    try:
        cr = bs.decode('utf8')
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        cr = bs.decode('latin1')
    return cr

If you do not know original encoding and do not care for non ascii character, you can set the optional errors parameter of the decode method to replace. Any offending byte will be replaced (from the standard library documentation):

Replace with a suitable replacement character; Python will use the official U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER for the built-in Unicode codecs on decoding and ‘?’ on encoding.

bs.decode(errors='replace')

I recommend you to use a HTML parser. Just find the fastest one.

Parsing HTML is not as easy as it may seem.

Browsers parse invalid UTF-8 sequences, in UTF-8 HTML documents, just putting the "?" symbol. So once the invalid UTF-8 sequence in the HTML gets parsed the resulting text is a valid string.

Even inside attribute values you have to decode HTML entities like amp

Here is a great question that sums up why you can not reliably parse HTML with a regular expression: RegEx match open tags except XHTML self-contained tags

string value = "mahesh";

// Convert the string into a byte[].
byte[] asciiBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(value);

for (int i = 0; i < value.Length; i++)


    {
        Console.WriteLine(value.Substring(i, 1) + " as ASCII value of: " + asciiBytes[i]);
    }

In Mac OS X the command file -I (capital i) will give you the proper character set so long as the file you are testing contains characters outside of the basic ASCII range.

For instance if you go into Terminal and use vi to create a file eg. vi test.txt then insert some characters and include an accented character (try ALT-e followed by e) then save the file.

They type file -I text.txt and you should get a result like this:

test.txt: text/plain; charset=utf-8

I had same issue with phpQuery (ISO-8859-1 instead of UTF-8) and this hack helped me:

$html = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>' . $html;

mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8'), phpQuery::newDocumentHTML($html, 'utf-8'), mbstring.internal_encoding and other manipulations didn't take any effect.

For those wondering why this happens on some systems and not on others (with the same source, build parameters, and so on), check your LANG environment variable. I get the warning/error when LANG=C.UTF-8, but not when LANG=en_US.UTF-8.

[str(x) for x in EmployeeList] would do a conversion, but it would fail if the unicode string characters do not lie in the ascii range.

>>> EmployeeList = [u'1001', u'Karick', u'14-12-2020', u'1$']
>>> [str(x) for x in EmployeeList]
['1001', 'Karick', '14-12-2020', '1$']


>>> EmployeeList = [u'1001', u'????', u'14-12-2020', u'1$']
>>> [str(x) for x in EmployeeList]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 0-3: ordinal not in range(128)

Fileformat.info is a pretty good reference for this stuff. In your case, it's already in hex, so the hex value is f066. So you'd do:

content: "\f066";

A simple solution might be opening the file in Firefox.

1. Drag and drop the file into firefox
2. Right click on the page
3. Select "View Page Info"

and the text encoding will appear on the "Page Info" window.

Note: If the file is not in txt format, just rename it to txt and try again.

P.S. For more info see this article.

<?php
function writeUTF8File($filename,$content) { 
        $f=fopen($filename,"w"); 
        # Now UTF-8 - Add byte order mark 
        fwrite($f, pack("CCC",0xef,0xbb,0xbf)); 
        fwrite($f,$content); 
        fclose($f); 
} 
?>

In my case in ASP MVC it was a method in controller that was returning null to View because of a wrong if statement.

if (condition)
{
    return null;
}

Condition fixed and I returned View, Problem fixed. There was nothing with encoding but I don't know why that was my error.

return View(result); // result is View's model

//query is your json   

 DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
 HttpPost postRequest = new HttpPost("http://my.site/test/v1/product/search?qy=");

 StringEntity input = new StringEntity(query, "UTF-8");
 input.setContentType("application/json");
 postRequest.setEntity(input);   
 HttpResponse response=response = httpClient.execute(postRequest);

You don't need to encode data that is already encoded. When you try to do that, Python will first try to decode it to unicode before it can encode it back to UTF-8. That is what is failing here:

>>> data = u'\u00c3'            # Unicode data
>>> data = data.encode('utf8')  # encoded to UTF-8
>>> data
'\xc3\x83'
>>> data.encode('utf8')         # Try to *re*-encode it
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

Just write your data directly to the file, there is no need to encode already-encoded data.

If you instead build up unicode values instead, you would indeed have to encode those to be writable to a file. You'd want to use codecs.open() instead, which returns a file object that will encode unicode values to UTF-8 for you.

You also really don't want to write out the UTF-8 BOM, unless you have to support Microsoft tools that cannot read UTF-8 otherwise (such as MS Notepad).

For your MySQL insert problem, you need to do two things:

• Add charset='utf8' to your MySQLdb.connect() call.

• Use unicode objects, not str objects when querying or inserting, but use sql parameters so the MySQL connector can do the right thing for you:

  artiste = artiste.decode('utf8')  # it is already UTF8, decode to unicode
  
  c.execute('SELECT COUNT(id) AS nbr FROM artistes WHERE nom=%s', (artiste,))
  
  # ...
  
  c.execute('INSERT INTO artistes(nom,status,path) VALUES(%s, 99, %s)', (artiste, artiste + u'/'))
  

It may actually work better if you used codecs.open() to decode the contents automatically instead:

import codecs

sql = mdb.connect('localhost','admin','ugo&(-@F','music_vibration', charset='utf8')

with codecs.open('config/index/'+index, 'r', 'utf8') as findex:
    for line in findex:
        if u'#artiste' not in line:
            continue

        artiste=line.split(u'[:::]')[1].strip()

    cursor = sql.cursor()
    cursor.execute('SELECT COUNT(id) AS nbr FROM artistes WHERE nom=%s', (artiste,))
    if not cursor.fetchone()[0]:
        cursor = sql.cursor()
        cursor.execute('INSERT INTO artistes(nom,status,path) VALUES(%s, 99, %s)', (artiste, artiste + u'/'))
        artists_inserted += 1

You may want to brush up on Unicode and UTF-8 and encodings. I can recommend the following articles:

• The Python Unicode HOWTO

• Pragmatic Unicode by Ned Batchelder

• The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets (No Excuses!) by Joel Spolsky

If you want to send an arbitrary amount of data to your server, POST is the only reliable method to do that. GET would also be possible but clients and servers allow just a limited URL length (something like 2048 characters).

You can find more debugging info just simply adding the option -loglevel debug, full command will be

ffmpeg -i INPUT OUTPUT -loglevel debug -v verbose

function _arrayBufferToBase64(uarr) {
    var strings = [], chunksize = 0xffff;
    var len = uarr.length;

    for (var i = 0; i * chunksize < len; i++){
        strings.push(String.fromCharCode.apply(null, uarr.subarray(i * chunksize, (i + 1) * chunksize)));
    }

    return strings.join("");
}

This is better, if you use JSZip for unpack archive from string

Append the line useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 to your jdbc url.

In your case the data is not being send using UTF-8 encoding.

For another as Latin languages for example Cyrillic you can use something like this:

FileReader fr = new FileReader("src/text.txt", StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

and be sure that your .txt file is saved with UTF-8 (but not as default ANSI) format. Cheers!

I had this problem trying save a dictionary to NSUserDefaults. It turns out it wouldn't save because it contained NSNull values. So I just copied the dictionary into a mutable dictionary removed the nulls then saved to NSUserDefaults

NSMutableDictionary* dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dictionary_trying_to_save];
[dictionary removeObjectForKey:@"NullKey"];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:dictionary forKey:@"key"];

In this case I knew which keys might be NSNull values.

Try Server.UrlEncode(), or System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode() for instances when you don't have access to the Server object. You can also use System.Uri.EscapeUriString() to avoid adding a reference to the System.Web assembly.

How is this different from the following?

This line of code here:

String newString = new String(oldString.getBytes("UTF-8"), "UTF-8"));

constructs a new String object (i.e. a copy of oldString), while this line of code:

String newString = oldString;

declares a new variable of type java.lang.String and initializes it to refer to the same String object as the variable oldString.

Is there any scenario in which the two lines will have different outputs?

Absolutely:

String newString = oldString;
boolean isSameInstance = newString == oldString; // isSameInstance == true

vs.

String newString = new String(oldString.getBytes("UTF-8"), "UTF-8"));
 // isSameInstance == false (in most cases)    
boolean isSameInstance = newString == oldString;

a_horse_with_no_name (see comment) is right of course. The equivalent of

String newString = new String(oldString.getBytes("UTF-8"), "UTF-8"));

is

String newString = new String(oldString);

minus the subtle difference wrt the encoding that Peter Lawrey explains in his answer.

Use Environment.NewLine for line breaks.

This way of specifying the encoding of a Python file comes from PEP 0263 - Defining Python Source Code Encodings.

It is also recognized by GNU Emacs (see Python Language Reference, 2.1.4 Encoding declarations), though I don't know if it was the first program to use that syntax.

It is really hard to determine if it is iso-8859-1. If you have a text with only 7 bit characters that could also be iso-8859-1 but you don't know. If you have 8 bit characters then the upper region characters exist in order encodings as well. Therefor you would have to use a dictionary to get a better guess which word it is and determine from there which letter it must be. Finally if you detect that it might be utf-8 than you are sure it is not iso-8859-1

Encoding is one of the hardest things to do because you never know if nothing is telling you

For Python 3.x

import urllib.request
from urllib.error import HTTPError
try:
    urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, fullpath)
except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
    print(err.code)

Not sure which guide you are following, but if you check out this page,

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-nginx-on-ubuntu-14-04-lts

It uses another command

ip addr show eth0 | grep inet | awk '{ print $2; }' | sed 's/\/.*$//' 

and also indicates what result is expected.

Maybe your mac's date and time are incorrect. Just correct them.

You can just use

db.serverStatus().connections

Also, this function can help you spot the IP addresses connected to your Mongo DB

db.currentOp(true).inprog.forEach(function(x) { print(x.client) })

In addition to Eduard Void answer here's the addValidators method:

declare module '@angular/forms' {
  interface FormControl {
    addValidators(validators: ValidatorFn[]): void;
  }
}

FormControl.prototype.addValidators = function(this: FormControl, validators: ValidatorFn[]) {
  if (!validators || !validators.length) {
    return;
  }

  this.clearValidators();
  this.setValidators( this.validator ? [ this.validator, ...validators ] : validators );
};

Using it you can set validators dynamically:

some_form_control.addValidators([ first_validator, second_validator ]);
some_form_control.addValidators([ third_validator ]);

Create a block using

 #define MACRO(...) do { ... } while(false)

Do not add a ; after the while(false)

You can read it, but you can't set it. value="123" will be ignored, so it won't have a value until you click on it and pick a file.

Even then, the value will likely be mangled with something like c:\fakepath\ to keep the details of the user's filesystem private.

As pointed out in this comment How do you check in python whether a string contains only numbers? the isdigit() method is not totally accurate for this use case, because it returns True for some digit-like characters:

>>> "\u2070".isdigit() # unicode escaped 'superscript zero' 
True

If this needs to be avoided, the following simple function checks, if all characters in a string are a digit between "0" and "9":

import string

def contains_only_digits(s):
    # True for "", "0", "123"
    # False for "1.2", "1,2", "-1", "a", "a1"
    for ch in s:
        if not ch in string.digits:
            return False
    return True

Used in the example from the question:

if len(isbn) == 10 and contains_only_digits(isbn):
    print ("Works")

You can provide a file-like object to the stdin argument of subprocess.call().

The documentation for the Popen object applies here.

To capture the output, you should instead use subprocess.check_output(), which takes similar arguments. From the documentation:

>>> subprocess.check_output(
...     "ls non_existent_file; exit 0",
...     stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
...     shell=True)
'ls: non_existent_file: No such file or directory\n'

Run ssh-add on the client machine, that will add the SSH key to the agent.

Confirm with ssh-add -l (again on the client) that it was indeed added.

What i did to solve this problem was simple. I had to rename my SQL Server so that it would respond to the (localhos) tag. After that i changed all the connections on the SSIS and i rebuild the solution...it worked. hope it helps you

The simplest technique:

If your form action attribute is omitted, you can send a form to the same HTML file without actually using a GET HTTP access, just by using onClick on the button used for submitting the form. Then the form fields are in the elements array document.FormName.elements . Each element in that array has a value attribute containing the string the user provided (For INPUT elements). It also has id and name attributes, containing the id and/or name provided in the form child elements.

For those of you trying to figure out how to actually remove the styling from the element only, without removing the css from the files, this solution works with jquery:

$('.selector').removeAttr('style');

why not printf '%02d' $num? See help printf for this internal bash command.

You seem to be using grep() like the Unix grep utility, which is wrong.

Perl's grep() in scalar context evaluates the expression for each element of a list and returns the number of times the expression was true. So when $match contains any "true" value, grep($match, @array) in scalar context will always return the number of elements in @array.

Instead, try using the pattern matching operator:

if (grep /$match/, @array) {
    print "found it\n";
}

I don't see why taking out the enumerator explicitly offers you any advantage over using a foreach. There's also no need to call AsEnumerable on chunks.

something like this ? :

DataTable dt = ...
DataView dv = new DataView(dt);
dv.RowFilter = "(EmpName != 'abc' or EmpName != 'xyz') and (EmpID = 5)"

Is it what you are searching for?

I guess problem is in width attributes in table and td remove 'px' for example

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="580px" style="background-color: #0290ba;">

Should be

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="580" style="background-color: #0290ba;">

$(document).on('click', '.addproduct', function () {
    // your function here
});

Below code may help you to achieve session attribution inside java script:

var name = '<%= session.getAttribute("username") %>';

This is actually redundant except in cases where you want to override the defaults. All of these settings are implied defaults.

You can verify that by checking your effective POM using this command

mvn help:effective-pom

    <finalName>name</finalName>
    <directory>target</directory>
    <outputDirectory>target/classes</outputDirectory>
    <testOutputDirectory>target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
    <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
        </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
        <testResource>
            <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
        </testResource>
    </testResources>

For example, if i want to point to a different test resource path or resource path you should use this otherwise you don't.

    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>/home/josh/desktop/app_resources</directory>
        </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
        <testResource>
            <directory>/home/josh/desktop/test_resources</directory>
        </testResource>
    </testResources>

<h4>Order List</h4>
<ul>
    <li ng-repeat="val in filter_option.order">
        <span>
            <input title="{{filter_option.order_name[$index]}}" type="radio" ng-model="filter_param.order_option" ng-value="'{{val}}'" />
            &nbsp;{{filter_option.order_name[$index]}}
        </span>
        <select title="" ng-model="filter_param[val]">
            <option value="asc">Asc</option>
            <option value="desc">Desc</option>
        </select>
    </li>
</ul>

Summing up what the others have suggested, and adding a third way

You can:

• assign(**kwargs):

   df.assign(Name='abc')
  

• access the new column series (it will be created) and set it:

   df['Name'] = 'abc'
  

• insert(loc, column, value, allow_duplicates=False)

   df.insert(0, 'Name', 'abc')
  

where the argument loc ( 0 <= loc <= len(columns) ) allows you to insert the column where you want.

'loc' gives you the index that your column will be at after the insertion. For example, the code above inserts the column Name as the 0-th column, i.e. it will be inserted before the first column, becoming the new first column. (Indexing starts from 0).

All these methods allow you to add a new column from a Series as well (just substitute the 'abc' default argument above with the series).

float(item) do the right thing: it converts its argument to float and and return it, but it doesn't change argument in-place. A simple fix for your code is:

new_list = []
for item in list:
    new_list.append(float(item))

The same code can written shorter using list comprehension: new_list = [float(i) for i in list]

To change list in-place:

for index, item in enumerate(list):
    list[index] = float(item)

BTW, avoid using list for your variables, since it masquerades built-in function with the same name.

As @Bohemian and @mbomb007 mentioned before, this works AND has the additional advantage of being more readable:

console.log(/^(?!.)/s.test("")); //true

Another option is to ask IDEA to behave like eclipse with eclipse shortcut keys. You can use all eclipse shortcuts by enabling this.

Here are the steps:

1- With IDEA open, press Control + `. Following options will be popped up.

2- Select Keymap. You will see another pop-up. Select Eclipse there.

3- Now press Ctrl + Shift + O. You are done!

Using Spring context 5.0 I have successfully achieved loading correct property file based on system environment via the following annotation

@PropertySources({
    @PropertySource("classpath:application.properties"),
    @PropertySource("classpath:application-${MYENV:test}.properties")})

Here MYENV value is read from system environment and if system environment is not present then default test environment property file will be loaded, if I give a wrong MYENV value - it will fail to start the application.

Note: for each profile, you want to maintain - you will need to make an application-[profile].property file and although I used Spring context 5.0 & not Spring boot - I believe this will also work on Spring 4.1

$('#abc span').text('baa baa black sheep');
$('#abc span').html('baa baa <strong>black sheep</strong>');

text() if just text content. html() if it contains, well, html content.

This works, though it's a bit ugly:

dir >_ && type _ && type _ > a.txt

It's a little more flexible than some of the other solutions, in that it works statement-by-statement so you can use it to append as well. I use this quite a bit in batch files to log and display messages:

ECHO Print line to screen and log to file.  >_ && type _ && type _ >> logfile.txt

Yes, you could just repeat the ECHO statement (once for the screen and the second time redirecting to the logfile), but that looks just as bad and is a bit of a maintenance issue. At least this way you don't have to make changes to messages in two places.

Note that _ is just a short filename, so you'll need to make sure to delete it at the end of your batch file (if you're using a batch file).

I believe that there are plenty of circumstances in which it does make sense and it simplifies programming to have some globals that are known across several (tightly coupled) modules. In this spirit, I would like to elaborate a bit on the idea of having a module of globals which is imported by those modules which need to reference them.

When there is only one such module, I name it "g". In it, I assign default values for every variable I intend to treat as global. In each module that uses any of them, I do not use "from g import var", as this only results in a local variable which is initialized from g only at the time of the import. I make most references in the form g.var, and the "g." serves as a constant reminder that I am dealing with a variable that is potentially accessible to other modules.

If the value of such a global variable is to be used frequently in some function in a module, then that function can make a local copy: var = g.var. However, it is important to realize that assignments to var are local, and global g.var cannot be updated without referencing g.var explicitly in an assignment.

Note that you can also have multiple such globals modules shared by different subsets of your modules to keep things a little more tightly controlled. The reason I use short names for my globals modules is to avoid cluttering up the code too much with occurrences of them. With only a little experience, they become mnemonic enough with only 1 or 2 characters.

It is still possible to make an assignment to, say, g.x when x was not already defined in g, and a different module can then access g.x. However, even though the interpreter permits it, this approach is not so transparent, and I do avoid it. There is still the possibility of accidentally creating a new variable in g as a result of a typo in the variable name for an assignment. Sometimes an examination of dir(g) is useful to discover any surprise names that may have arisen by such accident.

As others have pointed out, you can only use werkzeug.server.shutdown from a request handler. The only way I've found to shut down the server at another time is to send a request to yourself. For example, the /kill handler in this snippet will kill the dev server unless another request comes in during the next second:

import requests
from threading import Timer
from flask import request
import time

LAST_REQUEST_MS = 0
@app.before_request
def update_last_request_ms():
    global LAST_REQUEST_MS
    LAST_REQUEST_MS = time.time() * 1000


@app.route('/seriouslykill', methods=['POST'])
def seriouslykill():
    func = request.environ.get('werkzeug.server.shutdown')
    if func is None:
        raise RuntimeError('Not running with the Werkzeug Server')
    func()
    return "Shutting down..."


@app.route('/kill', methods=['POST'])
def kill():
    last_ms = LAST_REQUEST_MS
    def shutdown():
        if LAST_REQUEST_MS <= last_ms:  # subsequent requests abort shutdown
            requests.post('http://localhost:5000/seriouslykill')
        else:
            pass

    Timer(1.0, shutdown).start()  # wait 1 second
    return "Shutting down..."

This worked for me. Add it in your web.config

<system.web>
  <trust level="Full" />

len()

>>> someList=[]
>>> print len(someList)
0

You can attach a SLOT to the

void aboutToQuit();

signal of your QApplication. This signal should be raised just before app closes.

It appears that powershell.exe does not fully evaluate script arguments when the -File parameter is used. In particular, the $false argument is being treated as a string value, in a similar way to the example below:

PS> function f( [bool]$b ) { $b }; f -b '$false'
f : Cannot process argument transformation on parameter 'b'. Cannot convert value 
"System.String" to type "System.Boolean", parameters of this type only accept 
booleans or numbers, use $true, $false, 1 or 0 instead.
At line:1 char:36
+ function f( [bool]$b ) { $b }; f -b <<<<  '$false'
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidData: (:) [f], ParentContainsErrorRecordException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ParameterArgumentTransformationError,f

Instead of using -File you could try -Command, which will evaluate the call as script:

CMD> powershell.exe -NoProfile -Command .\RunScript.ps1 -Turn 1 -Unify $false
Turn: 1
Unify: False

As David suggests, using a switch argument would also be more idiomatic, simplifying the call by removing the need to pass a boolean value explicitly:

CMD> powershell.exe -NoProfile -File .\RunScript.ps1 -Turn 1 -Unify
Turn: 1
Unify: True

Your select statement is returning a sequence of anonymous type , not a sequence of DataRows. CopyToDataTable() is only available on IEnumerable<T> where T is or derives from DataRow. You can select r the row object to call CopyToDataTable on it.

var query = from r in matrix.AsEnumerable()
                where r.Field<string>("c_to") == c_to &&
                      r.Field<string>("p_to") == p_to
                 select r;

DataTable conversions = query.CopyToDataTable();

You can also implement CopyToDataTable Where the Generic Type T Is Not a DataRow.

All the other answers use variables and SET operations. Here's a way to do it within a select statement. Just drop this in as a column in your existing select.

    (SELECT 
        '<table style=''font-family:"Verdana"; font-size: 10pt''>'
                    + '<tr bgcolor="#9DBED4"><th>col1</th><th>col2</th><th>col3</th><th>col4</th><th>col5</th></tr>'
                    + replace( replace( body, '&lt;', '<' ), '&gt;', '>' )
                    + '</table>'
    FROM
    (
        select cast( (
            select td = cast(col1 as varchar(5)) + '</td><td align="right">' + col2 + '</td><td>' + col3 + '</td><td align="right">' + cast(col4 as varchar(5)) + '</td><td align="right">' + cast(col5 as varchar(5)) + '</td>'
            from (
                    select col1  = col1,
                            col2 = col2,
                            col3 = col3,
                            col4 = col4,
                            col5 = col5
                    from m_LineLevel as onml
                    where onml.pkey = oni.pkey
                    ) as d
            for xml path( 'tr' ), type ) as varchar(max) ) as body
    ) as bodycte) as LineTable

The problem here is in your explode statement

//$item['date'] presumably = 20120514.  Do a print of this
$eventDate = trim($item['date']);

//This explodes on , but there is no , in $eventDate
//You also have a limit of 2 set in the below explode statement
$myarray = (explode(',', $eventDate, 2));

 //$myarray is currently = to '20'

 foreach ($myarray as $value) {
    //Now you are iterating through a string
    echo $value;
 }

Try changing your initial $item['date'] to be 2012,04,30 if that's what you're trying to do. Otherwise I'm not entirely sure what you're trying to print.

Because % is only defined for integer types. That's the modulus operator.

5.6.2 of the standard:

The operands of * and / shall have arithmetic or enumeration type; the operands of % shall have integral or enumeration type. [...]

As Oli pointed out, you can use fmod(). Don't forget to include math.h.

I manually filled NAs by exporting the CSV then editing it and reimporting, as below.

Perhaps one of you experts might explain why this procedure worked so well (the first file had columns with data of types char, INT and num (floating point numbers)), which all became char type after STEP 1; but at the end of STEP 3 R correctly recognized the datatype of each column).

# STEP 1:
MainOptionFile <- read.csv("XLUopt_XLUstk_v3.csv",
                            header=T, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
#... STEP 2:
TestFrame <- subset(MainOptionFile, str_locate(option_symbol,"120616P00034000") > 0)
write.csv(TestFrame, file = "TestFrame2.csv")
# ...
# STEP 3:
# I made various amendments to `TestFrame2.csv`, including replacing all missing data cells with appropriate numbers. I then read that amended data frame back into R as follows:    
XLU_34P_16Jun12 <- read.csv("TestFrame2_v2.csv",
                            header=T,stringsAsFactors=FALSE)

On arrival back in R, all columns had their correct measurement levels automatically recognized by R!

Through the original question is not exactly about the locale itself all other locale related questions are referencing to this one. That's why I wanted to clarify the issue here. I used this question as a starting point for my own locale switching code and found out that the method is not exactly correct. It works, but only until any configuration change (e.g. screen rotation) and only in that particular Activity. Playing with a code for a while I have ended up with the following approach:

I have extended android.app.Application and added the following code:

public class MyApplication extends Application
{
    private Locale locale = null;

    @Override
    public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig)
    {
        super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
        if (locale != null)
        {
            newConfig.locale = locale;
            Locale.setDefault(locale);
            getBaseContext().getResources().updateConfiguration(newConfig, getBaseContext().getResources().getDisplayMetrics());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate()
    {
        super.onCreate();

        SharedPreferences settings = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);

        Configuration config = getBaseContext().getResources().getConfiguration();

        String lang = settings.getString(getString(R.string.pref_locale), "");
        if (! "".equals(lang) && ! config.locale.getLanguage().equals(lang))
        {
            locale = new Locale(lang);
            Locale.setDefault(locale);
            config.locale = locale;
            getBaseContext().getResources().updateConfiguration(config, getBaseContext().getResources().getDisplayMetrics());
        }
    }
}

This code ensures that every Activity will have custom locale set and it will not be reset on rotation and other events.

I have also spent a lot of time trying to make the preference change to be applied immediately but didn't succeed: the language changed correctly on Activity restart, but number formats and other locale properties were not applied until full application restart.

Changes to AndroidManifest.xml

Don't forget to add android:configChanges="layoutDirection|locale" to every activity at AndroidManifest, as well as the android:name=".MyApplication" to the <application> element.

if (!/^[0-9]+$/.test('123456askm')) {
  consol.log('Enter Only Number');
} else {
    consol.log('Sucess');
}

You can use:

<asp:textbox id="textBox1" style="text-align:center"></asp:textbox>

Or this:

textbox.Style["text-align"] = "center"; //right, left

Simply add method:

func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, editActionsForRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> [UITableViewRowAction]? {
    let delete = UITableViewRowAction(style: UITableViewRowActionStyle.destructive, title: "Delete") { (action, indexPath) in
        self.arrayFruit.remove(at: indexPath.row)
        self.tblList.reloadData()
    }

    let edit = UITableViewRowAction(style: UITableViewRowActionStyle.normal, title: "Edit") { (action, indexpath) in

        let alert = UIAlertController(title: "FruitApp", message: "Enter Fuit Name", preferredStyle: UIAlertControllerStyle.alert)
        alert.addTextField(configurationHandler: { (textField) in
            textField.placeholder = "Enter new fruit name"
        })
        alert.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "Update", style: UIAlertActionStyle.default, handler: { [weak alert](_) in
            let textField = alert?.textFields![0]
            self.arrayFruit[indexPath.row] = (textField?.text!)!
            self.tblList.reloadData()
        }))

        self.present(alert, animated: true, completion: nil)
    }
    edit.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
    return [delete,edit]
}

If you want to load the file without running it through the webserver, the following should work.

$string = eval(file_get_contents("file.php"));

This will load then evaluate the file contents. The PHP file will need to be fully formed with <?php and ?> tags for eval to evaluate it.

Use Path.parent from the pathlib module:

from pathlib import Path

# ...

Path(__file__).parent

You can use multiple calls to parent to go further in the path:

Path(__file__).parent.parent

Let me explain why sleep infinity works though it is not documented. jp48's answer is also useful.

The most important thing: By specifying inf or infinity (both case-insensitive), you can sleep for the longest time your implementation permits (i.e. the smaller value of HUGE_VAL and TYPE_MAXIMUM(time_t)).

Now let's dig into the details. The source code of sleep command can be read from coreutils/src/sleep.c. Essentially, the function does this:

double s; //seconds
xstrtod (argv[i], &p, &s, cl_strtod); //`p` is not essential (just used for error check).
xnanosleep (s);

Understanding xstrtod (argv[i], &p, &s, cl_strtod)

xstrtod()

According to gnulib/lib/xstrtod.c, the call of xstrtod() converts string argv[i] to a floating point value and stores it to *s, using a converting function cl_strtod().

cl_strtod()

As can be seen from coreutils/lib/cl-strtod.c, cl_strtod() converts a string to a floating point value, using strtod().

strtod()

According to man 3 strtod, strtod() converts a string to a value of type double. The manpage says

The expected form of the (initial portion of the) string is ... or (iii) an infinity, or ...

and an infinity is defined as

An infinity is either "INF" or "INFINITY", disregarding case.

Although the document tells

If the correct value would cause overflow, plus or minus HUGE_VAL (HUGE_VALF, HUGE_VALL) is returned

, it is not clear how an infinity is treated. So let's see the source code gnulib/lib/strtod.c. What we want to read is

else if (c_tolower (*s) == 'i'
         && c_tolower (s[1]) == 'n'
         && c_tolower (s[2]) == 'f')
  {
    s += 3;
    if (c_tolower (*s) == 'i'
        && c_tolower (s[1]) == 'n'
        && c_tolower (s[2]) == 'i'
        && c_tolower (s[3]) == 't'
        && c_tolower (s[4]) == 'y')
      s += 5;
    num = HUGE_VAL;
    errno = saved_errno;
  }

Thus, INF and INFINITY (both case-insensitive) are regarded as HUGE_VAL.

HUGE_VAL family

Let's use N1570 as the C standard. HUGE_VAL, HUGE_VALF and HUGE_VALL macros are defined in §7.12-3

The macro
    HUGE_VAL
expands to a positive double constant expression, not necessarily representable as a float. The macros
    HUGE_VALF
    HUGE_VALL
are respectively float and long double analogs of HUGE_VAL.

HUGE_VAL, HUGE_VALF, and HUGE_VALL can be positive infinities in an implementation that supports infinities.

and in §7.12.1-5

If a floating result overflows and default rounding is in effect, then the function returns the value of the macro HUGE_VAL, HUGE_VALF, or HUGE_VALL according to the return type

Understanding xnanosleep (s)

Now we understand all essence of xstrtod(). From the explanations above, it is crystal-clear that xnanosleep(s) we've seen first actually means xnanosleep(HUGE_VALL).

xnanosleep()

According to the source code gnulib/lib/xnanosleep.c, xnanosleep(s) essentially does this:

struct timespec ts_sleep = dtotimespec (s);
nanosleep (&ts_sleep, NULL);

dtotimespec()

This function converts an argument of type double to an object of type struct timespec. Since it is very simple, let me cite the source code gnulib/lib/dtotimespec.c. All of the comments are added by me.

struct timespec
dtotimespec (double sec)
{
  if (! (TYPE_MINIMUM (time_t) < sec)) //underflow case
    return make_timespec (TYPE_MINIMUM (time_t), 0);
  else if (! (sec < 1.0 + TYPE_MAXIMUM (time_t))) //overflow case
    return make_timespec (TYPE_MAXIMUM (time_t), TIMESPEC_HZ - 1);
  else //normal case (looks complex but does nothing technical)
    {
      time_t s = sec;
      double frac = TIMESPEC_HZ * (sec - s);
      long ns = frac;
      ns += ns < frac;
      s += ns / TIMESPEC_HZ;
      ns %= TIMESPEC_HZ;

      if (ns < 0)
        {
          s--;
          ns += TIMESPEC_HZ;
        }

      return make_timespec (s, ns);
    }
}

Since time_t is defined as an integral type (see §7.27.1-3), it is natural we assume the maximum value of type time_t is smaller than HUGE_VAL (of type double), which means we enter the overflow case. (Actually this assumption is not needed since, in all cases, the procedure is essentially the same.)

make_timespec()

The last wall we have to climb up is make_timespec(). Very fortunately, it is so simple that citing the source code gnulib/lib/timespec.h is enough.

_GL_TIMESPEC_INLINE struct timespec
make_timespec (time_t s, long int ns)
{
  struct timespec r;
  r.tv_sec = s;
  r.tv_nsec = ns;
  return r;
}

Little bit late to the party but had some problems with getting something useful out from a ReadableStream produced from a Odata $batch request using the Sharepoint Framework.

Had similar issues as OP, but the solution in my case was to use a different conversion method than .json(). In my case .text() worked like a charm. Some fiddling was however necessary to get some useful JSON from the textfile.

Might want to include the old A: and B: drives as you never know who might be using them! I got tired of USB drives bumping my two SDHC drives that are just for Readyboost. I had been assigning them to High letters Z: Y: with a utility that will assign drive letters to devices as you wish. I wondered.... Can I make a Readyboost drive letter A: ? YES! Can I put my second SDHC drive letter as B: ? YES!

I've used Floppy Drives back in the day, never thought that A: or B: would come in handy for Readyboost.

My point is, don't assume A: & B: will not be used by anyone for anything You might even find the old SUBST command being used!

Below are my personal learning notes on GIT tracking branches, hopefully it will be helpful for future visitors:

Tracking branches and "git fetch":

Like others have already noted, you can use :empty in jQuery like this:

$('#cartContent:empty').remove();

It will remove the #cartContent div if it is empty.

But this and other techniques that people are suggesting here may not do what you want because if it has any text nodes containing whitespace it is not considered empty. So this is not empty:

<div> </div>

while you may want to consider it empty.

I had this problem some time ago and I wrote this tiny jQuery plugin - just add it to your code:

jQuery.expr[':'].space = function(elem) {
  var $elem = jQuery(elem);
  return !$elem.children().length && !$elem.text().match(/\S/);
}

and now you can use

$('#cartContent:space').remove();

which will remove the div if it is empty or contains only whitespace. Of course you can not only remove it but do anything you like, like

$('#cartContent:space').append('<p>It is empty</p>');

and you can use :not like this:

$('#cartContent:not(:space)').append('<p>It is not empty</p>');

I came out with this test that reliably did what I wanted and you can take it out of the plugin to use it as a standalone test:

This one will work for jQuery objects:

function testEmpty($elem) {
  return !$elem.children().length && !$elem.text().match(/\S/);
}

This one will work for DOM nodes:

function testEmpty(elem) {
  var $elem = jQuery(elem);
  return !$elem.children().length && !$elem.text().match(/\S/);
}

This is better than using .trim because the above code first tests if the tested element has any child elements and if it does it tries to find the first non-whitespace character and then stops, without the need to read or mutate the string if it has even one character that is not whitespace.

Hope it helps.

The accepted answer is great for single renames, but here is a way to rename multiple images that have the same repository all at once (and remove the old images).

If you have old images of the form:

$ docker images
REPOSITORY               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
old_name/image_name_1    latest              abcdefghijk1        5 minutes ago      1.00GB
old_name/image_name_2    latest              abcdefghijk2        5 minutes ago      1.00GB

And you want:

new_name/image_name_1
new_name/image_name_2

Then you can use this (subbing in OLD_REPONAME, NEW_REPONAME, and TAG as appropriate):

OLD_REPONAME='old_name'
NEW_REPONAME='new_name'
TAG='latest'

# extract image name, e.g. "old_name/image_name_1"
for image in $(docker images | awk '{ if( FNR>1 ) { print $1 } }' | grep $OLD_REPONAME)
do \
  OLD_NAME="${image}:${TAG}" && \
  NEW_NAME="${NEW_REPONAME}${image:${#OLD_REPONAME}:${#image}}:${TAG}" && \
  docker image tag $OLD_NAME $NEW_NAME && \
  docker rmi $image:${TAG}  # omit this line if you want to keep the old image
done

assume series s

s = pd.Series(np.arange(100))

Get quantiles for [.1, .2, .3, .4, .5, .6, .7, .8, .9]

s.quantile(np.linspace(.1, 1, 9, 0))

0.1     9.9
0.2    19.8
0.3    29.7
0.4    39.6
0.5    49.5
0.6    59.4
0.7    69.3
0.8    79.2
0.9    89.1
dtype: float64

OR

s.quantile(np.linspace(.1, 1, 9, 0), 'lower')

0.1     9
0.2    19
0.3    29
0.4    39
0.5    49
0.6    59
0.7    69
0.8    79
0.9    89
dtype: int32

Use isinstance(object, type). As above this is easy to use if you know the correct type, e.g.,

isinstance('dog', str) ## gives bool True

But for more esoteric objects, this can be difficult to use. For example:

import numpy as np 
a = np.array([1,2,3]) 
isinstance(a,np.array) ## breaks

but you can do this trick:

y = type(np.array([1]))
isinstance(a,y) ## gives bool True 

So I recommend instantiating a variable (y in this case) with a type of the object you want to check (e.g., type(np.array())), then using isinstance.

Here's a more valid way which also check if your textbox is filled with only blanks.

// When spaces are not allowed
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(txtBox1.Text) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(txtBox2.Text))
  //...give error...

// When spaces are allowed
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtBox1.Text) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtBox2.Text))
  //...give error...

The edited answer of @Habib.OSU is also fine, this is just another approach.

In my case, all I had to do was add the following User variable on Windows:

Variable name: HOME
Variable value: %USERPROFILE%

How to set a Environment Variable (You can use the User variables for username section if you are not a system administrator)

Though @chrisb's accepted answer does answer the question, I would like to add to it the following.

A simple method I use to get the nth data or drop the nth row is the following:

df1 = df[df.index % 3 != 0]  # Excludes every 3rd row starting from 0
df2 = df[df.index % 3 == 0]  # Selects every 3rd raw starting from 0

This arithmetic based sampling has the ability to enable even more complex row-selections.

This assumes, of course, that you have an index column of ordered, consecutive, integers starting at 0.

The clean way to do so is to pass a new instance of the created entity through the controller:

//GET
public ActionResult CreateNewMyEntity(string default_value)
{
    MyEntity newMyEntity = new MyEntity();
    newMyEntity._propertyValue = default_value;

    return View(newMyEntity);
}

If you want to pass the default value through ActionLink

@Html.ActionLink("Create New", "CreateNewMyEntity", new { default_value = "5" })

The $(document).ready mechanism is meant to fire after the DOM has been loaded successfully but makes no guarantees as to the state of the images referenced by the page.

When in doubt, fall back on the good ol' window.onload event:

window.onload = function()
{
  //your code here
};

Now, this is obviously slower than the jQuery approach. However, you can compromise somewhere in between:

$(document).ready
(
  function()
  {
    var img = document.getElementById("myImage");

    var intervalId = setInterval(
                        function()
                        {
                          if(img.complete)
                          {
                            clearInterval(intervalId);
                            //now we can start rotating the header
                          }
                        },
                        50);
  }
);

To explain a bit:

1. we grab the DOM element of the image whose image we want completely loaded

2. we then set an interval to fire every 50 milliseconds.

3. if, during one of these intervals, the complete attribute of this image is set to true, the interval is cleared and the rotate operation is safe to start.

select *
into existing table database..existingtable
from database..othertables....

If you have used select * into tablename from other tablenames already, next time, to append, you say select * into existing table tablename from other tablenames

use trap to pause and check command line (in color using tput) before running it

trap 'tput setaf 1;tput bold;echo $BASH_COMMAND;read;tput init' DEBUG

press any key to continue

use with set -x to debug command line

You don't need the jsp:useBean to set the model if you already have a controller which prepared the model.

Just access it plain by EL:

<p>${Questions.questionPaperID}</p>
<p>${Questions.question}</p>

or by JSTL <c:out> tag if you'd like to HTML-escape the values or when you're still working on legacy Servlet 2.3 containers or older when EL wasn't supported in template text yet:

<p><c:out value="${Questions.questionPaperID}" /></p>
<p><c:out value="${Questions.question}" /></p>

See also:

• Our Servlets wiki page

Unrelated to the problem, the normal practice is by the way to start attribute name with a lowercase, like you do with normal variable names.

session.setAttribute("questions", questions);

and alter EL accordingly to use ${questions}.

Also note that you don't have any JSTL tag in your code. It's all plain JSP.

Try the following steps,

1. Open command prompt and then run
2. git config --global user.email "[email protected]" // put your email address press enter
3. git config --global user.name "YOUR NAME" // put your name

I've used this in beamer, but not for general documents, but it looks like that's what the original hint suggests

\newenvironment{changemargin}[2]{%
\begin{list}{}{%
\setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
\setlength{\leftmargin}{#1}%
\setlength{\rightmargin}{#2}%
\setlength{\listparindent}{\parindent}%
\setlength{\itemindent}{\parindent}%
\setlength{\parsep}{\parskip}%
}%
\item[]}{\end{list}}

Then to use it

\begin{changemargin}{-1cm}{-1cm}

don't forget to

\end{changemargin}

at the end of the page

I got this from Changing margins “on the fly” in the TeX FAQ.

If you use mod_rewrite to hide the extension of your scripts, or if you just like pretty URLs that end in /, then you might want to approach this from the other direction. Tell nginx to let anything with a non-static extension to go through to apache. For example:

location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|pdf|txt|tar|wav|bmp|rtf|js|flv|swf|html|htm)$
{
    root   /path/to/static-content;
}

location ~* ^!.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|pdf|txt|tar|wav|bmp|rtf|js|flv|swf|html|htm)$ {
    if (!-f $request_filename) {
        return 404;
    }
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}

I found the first part of this snippet over at: http://code.google.com/p/scalr/wiki/NginxStatic

This theme required awhile to find results and reasons:

using MaiaDB 5.4. via SuSE-LINUX tumblweed

1. some files in the appointed directory havn't been necessary in any direct relation with mariadb. I.e: I placed some hints, a text-file, some bakup-copys somewhere in the same appointed directory for mysql mariadb and this caused endless error-messages and blocking the server from starting. Mariadb appears to be very sensible and hostile with the presence of other files not beeing database files(comments,backups,experimantal files etc) .

2. using libreoffice as client then there already this generated much problems with the creation and working on a database and caused some crashes.The crashes eventually produced bad tables.

3. May be because of that or may be because of the presence of not yet deleted but unusable tables !! the mysql mariadb server crashed and didn't want to do it' job not even start.

Error message always same : "Table 'some.table' doesn't exist in engine"

But when it started then tables appeared as normal, but it was unpossible to work on them.

So what to do without a more precise Error Message ?? The unusable tables showed up with: "CHECK TABLE" or on the command line of the system with "mysqlcheck " So I deleted by filemanager or on the system-level as root or as allowed user all the questionable files and then problem was solved.

Proposal: the Error Message could be a bit more precisely for example: "corrupted tables" (which can be found by CHECK TABLE, but only if the server is running) or by mysqlcheck even whe server is not running - but here are other disturbing files like hints/bakups a.s.o not visible.

ANYWAY it helped a lot to have backup-copies of the original database-files on a backup volume. This helped to check out and test it again and again until solution was found.

Good luck all - Herbert

You can set the default search_path at the database level:

ALTER DATABASE <database_name> SET search_path TO schema1,schema2;

Or at the user or role level:

ALTER ROLE <role_name> SET search_path TO schema1,schema2;

Or if you have a common default schema in all your databases you could set the system-wide default in the config file with the search_path option.

When a database is created it is created by default from a hidden "template" database named template1, you could alter that database to specify a new default search path for all databases created in the future. You could also create another template database and use CREATE DATABASE <database_name> TEMPLATE <template_name> to create your databases.

Either I'm doing it wrongly, or the accepted answer does not work anymore with the current git.

I have actually found the proper solution and posted it under almost the same question here. For more details head there.

Solution:

# Ignore everything inside Resources/ directory
/Resources/**
# Except for subdirectories(won't be committed anyway if there is no committed file inside)
!/Resources/**/
# And except for *.foo files
!*.foo

SELECT tab.*,
    row_number() OVER () as rnum
  FROM tab;

Here's the relevant section in the docs.

P.S. This, in fact, fully matches the answer in the referenced question.

I ran into the same problem. I had a PNG file in a Java package and it wasn't exported in the final JAR along with the sources, which caused the app to crash upon start (file not found).

None of the answers above solved my problem but I found the solution on the Gradle forums. I added the following to my build.gradle file :

sourceSets.main.resources.srcDirs = [ "src/" ]
sourceSets.main.resources.includes = [ "**/*.png" ]

It tells Gradle to look for resources in the src folder, and ask it to include only PNG files.

EDIT: Beware that if you're using Eclipse, this will break your run configurations and you'll get a main class not found error when trying to run your program. To fix that, the only solution I've found is to move the image(s) to another directory, res/ for example, and to set it as srcDirs instead of src/.

You can exclude tasks

 gradle build --exclude-task test 

https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_executing_tasks

ex: url/:id

var sample= app.controller('sample', function ($scope, $routeParams) {
  $scope.init = function () {
    var qa_id = $routeParams.qa_id;
  }
});

You can use this syntax if some grads are attached with your variables.

y=torch.Tensor.cpu(x).detach().numpy()[:,:,:,-1]

guys.. use resources for long strings in code behind!!

also.. you don't need an _ for codeline breaks in C#. In VB the codelines end with a newline character (or a ':'), using the the _ would tell the parser it has not reached the end of the line yet. The codeline in C# ends with a ';' so you can use newlines to styleformat your code.

ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Master").Sheet1.Cells.Copy _
    Destination:=newWorksheet.Cells

The above will copy the cells. If you really want to duplicate the entire sheet, then I'd go with @brettdj's answer.

if only the key column is the same in both tables then try using the following way (Approach 1):

left. join(right , 'key', 'inner')

rather than below(approach 2):

left. join(right , left.key == right.key, 'inner')

Pros of using approach 1:

• the 'key' will show only once in the final dataframe
• easy to use the syntax

Cons of using approach 1:

• only help with the key column
• Scenarios, wherein case of left join, if planning to use the right key null count, this will not work. In that case, one has to rename one of the key as mentioned above.

Basically you are doing it the right way. However, you should use an instance of the DataContext for querying (it's not obvious that DataContext is an instance or the type name from your query):

var result = (from a in new DataContext().Persons
              where a.Age > 18
              select new Person { Name = a.Name, Age = a.Age }).ToList();

Apparently, the Person class is your LINQ to SQL generated entity class. You should create your own class if you only want some of the columns:

class PersonInformation {
   public string Name {get;set;}
   public int Age {get;set;}
}

var result = (from a in new DataContext().Persons
              where a.Age > 18
              select new PersonInformation { Name = a.Name, Age = a.Age }).ToList();

You can freely swap var with List<PersonInformation> here without affecting anything (as this is what the compiler does).

Otherwise, if you are working locally with the query, I suggest considering an anonymous type:

var result = (from a in new DataContext().Persons
              where a.Age > 18
              select new { a.Name, a.Age }).ToList();

Note that in all of these cases, the result is statically typed (it's type is known at compile time). The latter type is a List of a compiler generated anonymous class similar to the PersonInformation class I wrote above. As of C# 3.0, there's no dynamic typing in the language.

UPDATE:

If you really want to return a List<Person> (which might or might not be the best thing to do), you can do this:

var result = from a in new DataContext().Persons
             where a.Age > 18
             select new { a.Name, a.Age };

List<Person> list = result.AsEnumerable()
                          .Select(o => new Person {
                                           Name = o.Name, 
                                           Age = o.Age
                          }).ToList();

You can merge the above statements too, but I separated them for clarity.

There are enough valid reasons to explicitly disable automatic directory indexes in apache or other web servers. Or, for example, you might only want to include certain file types in the index. In such cases you might still want to have a statically generated index.html file for specific folders.

tree

tree is a minimalistic utility that is available on most unix-like systems (ubuntu/debian: sudo apt install tree, mac: brew install tree, windows: zip) and which can generate plain text, XML, JSON or HTML output.

Generate an HTML directory index one level deep:

tree -H '.' -L 1 --noreport --charset utf-8 > index.html

Only include specific file types that match a glob pattern, e.g. *.zip files:

tree -H '.' -L 1 --noreport --charset utf-8 -P "*.zip" > index.html

^{The argument to -H is what will be used as a base href, so you can pass either a relative path such as . or an absolute path from the web root, such as /files. -L 1 limits the listing to the current directory only.}

Generator script with recursive traversal

I needed an index generator which I could style the way I want, and which would also include the file sizes, so ended up using this script — in addition to having customizable styling, the script can also recursively generate an index.html file in all the nested subdirectories.

Update: an updated version (python 3) of the index generation script that uses cleaner styling (inspired by caddyserver's file-server module), includes last modified times and is more responsive in mobile viewports.

A background worker is a class that works in a separate thread, but it provides additional functionality that you don't get with a simple Thread (like task progress report handling).

If you don't need the additional features given by a background worker - and it seems you don't - then a Thread would be more appropriate.

It's an old question, but I don't see mentioned that, depending on the details, the sharey option may be able to do all of this for you, instead of digging up axis limits, margins, etc. There's a demo in the docs that shows how to use sharex, but the same can be done with y-axes.

Please use hard (non-breaking) spaces

Why use another markup language? (I Agree with @c z above).
One goal of Markdown is to make the documents readable even in a plain text editor.

Same result two approaches

The code

Sample code
    5th position in an really ugly code  
    5th position in a clear an readable code  
    Again using non-breaking spaces :)

The result

Sample code
    5th position in an really ugly code
    5th position in a clear an readable code
    Again using non-breaking spaces :)

The visual representation of a non-breaking space (or hard space) is usually a normal space " ", however, its Unicode representation is U+00A0.
The Unicode representation of the ordinary space is U+0020 (32 in the ASCII Table).
Thus, text processors may behave differently while the visual representation remains the same.

Insert a hard space

| OS        | Input method                      |
|===========| ==================================|
| macOS     | OPTION+SPACE (ALT+SPACE)          |
| Linux     | Compose Space Space or AltGr+Space|
| Windows   | Alt+0+1+6+0                       |

Some text editor use Ctrl+Shift+Space.

Issue

Some text editors can convert hard spaces to common spaces in copying and pasting operations, so be careful.

Each element of the container is a map<K, V>::value_type, which is a typedef for std::pair<const K, V>. Consequently, in C++17 or higher, you can write

for (auto& [key, value]: myMap) {
    std::cout << key << " has value " << value << std::endl;
}

or as

for (const auto& [key, value]: myMap) {
    std::cout << key << " has value " << value << std::endl;
}

if you don't plan on modifying the values.

In C++11 and C++14, you can use enhanced for loops to extract out each pair on its own, then manually extract the keys and values:

for (const auto& kv : myMap) {
    std::cout << kv.first << " has value " << kv.second << std::endl;
}

You could also consider marking the kv variable const if you want a read-only view of the values.

Mongodb and Mongoose are two different drivers to interact with MongoDB database.

Mongoose : object data modeling (ODM) library that provides a rigorous modeling environment for your data. Used to interact with MongoDB, it makes life easier by providing convenience in managing data.

Mongodb: native driver in Node.js to interact with MongoDB.

http://www.besthostratings.com/articles/force-ssl-htaccess.html

Sometimes you may need to make sure that the user is browsing your site over securte connection. An easy to way to always redirect the user to secure connection (https://) can be accomplished with a .htaccess file containing the following lines:

RewriteEngine On 
RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} 80 
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://www.example.com/$1 [R,L]

Please, note that the .htaccess should be located in the web site main folder.

In case you wish to force HTTPS for a particular folder you can use:

RewriteEngine On 
RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} 80 
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} somefolder 
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://www.domain.com/somefolder/$1 [R,L]

The .htaccess file should be placed in the folder where you need to force HTTPS.

I really liked @gerard answer which is actually deserves to be the correct answer here. I made some improvements:

• Code is in a class (modular)
• Parsing is included
• Ability to resume is given to the outside in case there is an asynchronous job is chained to reading the CSV like inserting to DB, or a HTTP request
• Reading in chunks/batche sizes that user can declare. I took care of encoding in the stream too, in case you have files in different encoding.

Here's the code:

'use strict'

const fs = require('fs'),
    util = require('util'),
    stream = require('stream'),
    es = require('event-stream'),
    parse = require("csv-parse"),
    iconv = require('iconv-lite');

class CSVReader {
  constructor(filename, batchSize, columns) {
    this.reader = fs.createReadStream(filename).pipe(iconv.decodeStream('utf8'))
    this.batchSize = batchSize || 1000
    this.lineNumber = 0
    this.data = []
    this.parseOptions = {delimiter: '\t', columns: true, escape: '/', relax: true}
  }

  read(callback) {
    this.reader
      .pipe(es.split())
      .pipe(es.mapSync(line => {
        ++this.lineNumber

        parse(line, this.parseOptions, (err, d) => {
          this.data.push(d[0])
        })

        if (this.lineNumber % this.batchSize === 0) {
          callback(this.data)
        }
      })
      .on('error', function(){
          console.log('Error while reading file.')
      })
      .on('end', function(){
          console.log('Read entirefile.')
      }))
  }

  continue () {
    this.data = []
    this.reader.resume()
  }
}

module.exports = CSVReader

So basically, here is how you will use it:

let reader = CSVReader('path_to_file.csv')
reader.read(() => reader.continue())

I tested this with a 35GB CSV file and it worked for me and that's why I chose to build it on @gerard's answer, feedbacks are welcomed.

You can redirect the output of a cmd prompt to a file using > or >> to append to a file.

i.e.

echo Hello World >C:\output.txt
echo Hello again! >>C:\output.txt

or

mybatchfile.bat >C:\output.txt

Note that using > will automatically overwrite the file if it already exists.

You also have the option of redirecting stdin, stdout and stderr.

See here for a complete list of options.

The easy way is to define a non-ASCII character... as a character that is not an ASCII character.

LC_ALL=C grep '[^ -~]' file.xml

Add a tab after the ^ if necessary.

Setting LC_COLLATE=C avoids nasty surprises about the meaning of character ranges in many locales. Setting LC_CTYPE=C is necessary to match single-byte characters — otherwise the command would miss invalid byte sequences in the current encoding. Setting LC_ALL=C avoids locale-dependent effects altogether.

I had a situation where I needed a separate but persistent name space. I used classes. I don't otherwise. Segregated but persistent names are closures.

>>> class f2:
...     def __init__(self):
...         self.a = 0
...     def __call__(self, arg):
...         self.a += arg
...         return(self.a)
...
>>> f=f2()
>>> f(2)
2
>>> f(2)
4
>>> f(4)
8
>>> f(8)
16

# **OR**
>>> f=f2() # **re-initialize**
>>> f(f(f(f(2)))) # **nested**
16

# handy in list comprehensions to accumulate values
>>> [f(i) for f in [f2()] for i in [2,2,4,8]][-1] 
16

You could just capture window resize events and set the size of your canvas to be the browser's viewport.

An alternative to the answer by @Marco Ponti, and avoiding the checkout:

git diff --name-only <notMainDev> $(git merge-base <notMainDev> <mainDev>)

If your particular shell doesn't understand the $() construct, use back-ticks instead.

If you want to jump directly to the desired position in a listView just use

listView.setSelection(int position);

and if you want to jump smoothly to the desired position in listView just use

listView.smoothScrollToPosition(int position);

Using Float.parseFloat()?

class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s = "3.14";
        float f = Float.parseFloat(s);
        System.out.println(f);
    }
}

One way to do that is to make all your users' devices subscribe to a topic. That way when you target a message to a specific topic, all devices will get it. I think this how the Notifications section in the Firebase console does it.

jQuery

$('input[type=checkbox]').removeAttr('checked');

Or

<!-- checked -->
<input type='checkbox' name='foo' value='bar' checked=''/> 

<!-- unchecked -->
<input type='checkbox' class='inputUncheck' name='foo' value='bar' checked=''/> 
<input type='checkbox' class='inputUncheck' name='foo' value='bar'/> 

+

$('input.inputUncheck').removeAttr('checked');

Aside from all the answers, if you want a nice GUI tool to edit your Windows environment variables you can use Rapid Environment Editor.

Try it! It's safe to use and is awesome!

Multiple SQL statements must be executed with the mysqli_multi_query() function.

Example (MySQLi Object-oriented):

    <?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
} 

$sql = "INSERT INTO names (firstname, lastname)
VALUES ('inpute value here', 'inpute value here');";
$sql .= "INSERT INTO phones (landphone, mobile)
VALUES ('inpute value here', 'inpute value here');";

if ($conn->multi_query($sql) === TRUE) {
    echo "New records created successfully";
} else {
    echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

You can write a theme:

<pre>

    android:name=".List10" android:theme="@style/Theme"

theme.xml

<style name="Theme" parent="android:Theme">
        <item name="android:listViewStyle">@style/MyListView</item>
</style>

styles.xml

 <style name="MyListView" parent="@android:style/Widget.ListView">
<item name="android:listSelector">@drawable/my_selector</item>

my_selector is your want to custom selector I am sorry i donot know how to write my code

I had the same issue, just opening another terminal with a bash on it worked for me :

create container:

docker run -d mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2019-CTP3.0-ubuntu
containerid=52bbc9b30557

start container:

docker start 52bbc9b30557

start bash to keep container running:

docker exec -it 52bbc9b30557 bash

start process you need:

docker exec -it 52bbc9b30557 /path_to_cool_your_app

I wrote an article on this issue a while back, Cross Domain AJAX.

The easiest way to handle this if you have control of the responding server is to add a response header for:

Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *

This will allow cross-domain Ajax. In PHP, you'll want to modify the response like so:

<?php header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *'); ?>

You can just put the Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin * setting in the Apache configuration or htaccess file.

It should be noted that this effectively disables CORS protection, which very likely exposes your users to attack. If you don't know that you specifically need to use a wildcard, you should not use it, and instead you should whitelist your specific domain:

<?php header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://example.com') ?>

WSDL: Stands for Web Service Description Language

In SOAP(simple object access protocol), when you use web service and add a web service to your project, your client application(s) doesn't know about web service Functions. Nowadays it's somehow old-fashion and for each kind of different client you have to implement different WSDL files. For example you cannot use same file for .Net and php client. The WSDL file has some descriptions about web service functions. The type of this file is XML. SOAP is an alternative for REST.

REST: Stands for Representational State Transfer

It is another kind of API service, it is really easy to use for clients. They do not need to have special file extension like WSDL files. The CRUD operation can be implemented by different HTTP Verbs(GET for Reading, POST for Creation, PUT or PATCH for Updating and DELETE for Deleting the desired document) , They are based on HTTP protocol and most of times the response is in JSON or XML format. On the other hand the client application have to exactly call the related HTTP Verb via exact parameters names and types. Due to not having special file for definition, like WSDL, it is a manually job using the endpoint. But it is not a big deal because now we have a lot of plugins for different IDEs to generating the client-side implementation.

SOA: Stands for Service Oriented Architecture

Includes all of the programming with web services concepts and architecture. Imagine that you want to implement a large-scale application. One practice can be having some different services, called micro-services and the whole application mechanism would be calling needed web service at the right time. Both REST and SOAP web services are kind of SOA.

JSON: Stands for javascript Object Notation

when you serialize an object for javascript the type of object format is JSON. imagine that you have the human class :

class Human{
 string Name;
 string Family;
 int Age;
}

and you have some instances from this class :

Human h1 = new Human(){
  Name='Saman',
  Family='Gholami',
  Age=26
}

when you serialize the h1 object to JSON the result is :

  [h1:{Name:'saman',Family:'Gholami',Age:'26'}, ...]

javascript can evaluate this format by eval() function and make an associative array from this JSON string. This one is different concept in comparison to other concepts I described formerly.

If anyone using MS SQL Server 2008 and higher lands on this question: SQL Server 2008 and higher has a new "hierarchyId" feature designed specifically for this task.

More info at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/hierarchical-data-sql-server

I'd recommend using Promise.all as mentioned above, but if you really feel like avoiding that approach, you can do a for or any other loop:

const arr = [1,2,3,4,5];
let resultingArr = [];
for (let i in arr){
  await callAsynchronousOperation(i);
  resultingArr.push(i + 1)
}

It's written down in the Fielding dissertation. But if you don't want to read a lot:

• increased scalability (due to stateless, cache and layered system constraints)
• decoupled client and server (due to stateless and uniform interface constraints)
  • reusable clients (client can use general REST browsers and RDF semantics to decide which link to follow and how to display the results)
  • non breaking clients (clients break only by application specific semantics changes, because they use the semantics instead of some API specific knowledge)

You should use the csv module to read the tab-separated value file. Do not read it into memory in one go. Each row you read has all the information you need to write rows to the output CSV file, after all. Keep the output file open throughout.

import csv

with open('sample.txt', newline='') as tsvin, open('new.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvout:
    tsvin = csv.reader(tsvin, delimiter='\t')
    csvout = csv.writer(csvout)

    for row in tsvin:
        count = int(row[4])
        if count > 0:
            csvout.writerows([row[2:4] for _ in range(count)])

or, using the itertools module to do the repeating with itertools.repeat():

from itertools import repeat
import csv

with open('sample.txt', newline='') as tsvin, open('new.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvout:
    tsvin = csv.reader(tsvin, delimiter='\t')
    csvout = csv.writer(csvout)

    for row in tsvin:
        count = int(row[4])
        if count > 0:
            csvout.writerows(repeat(row[2:4], count))

You can use quotemeta (\Q \E) if your Perl is version 5.16 or later, but if below you can simply avoid using a regular expression at all.

For example, by using the index command:

if (index($text_to_search, $search_string) > -1) {
    print "wee";
}

PARTITION BY segregate sets, this enables you to be able to work(ROW_NUMBER(),COUNT(),SUM(),etc) on related set independently.

In your query, the related set comprised of rows with similar cdt.country_code, cdt.account, cdt.currency. When you partition on those columns and you apply ROW_NUMBER on them. Those other columns on those combination/set will receive sequential number from ROW_NUMBER

But that query is funny, if your partition by some unique data and you put a row_number on it, it will just produce same number. It's like you do an ORDER BY on a partition that is guaranteed to be unique. Example, think of GUID as unique combination of cdt.country_code, cdt.account, cdt.currency

newid() produces GUID, so what shall you expect by this expression?

select
   hi,ho,
   row_number() over(partition by newid() order by hi,ho)
from tbl;

...Right, all the partitioned(none was partitioned, every row is partitioned in their own row) rows' row_numbers are all set to 1

Basically, you should partition on non-unique columns. ORDER BY on OVER needed the PARTITION BY to have a non-unique combination, otherwise all row_numbers will become 1

An example, this is your data:

create table tbl(hi varchar, ho varchar);

insert into tbl values
('A','X'),
('A','Y'),
('A','Z'),
('B','W'),
('B','W'),
('C','L'),
('C','L');

Then this is analogous to your query:

select
   hi,ho,
   row_number() over(partition by hi,ho order by hi,ho)
from tbl;

What will be the output of that?

HI  HO  COLUMN_2
A   X   1
A   Y   1
A   Z   1
B   W   1
B   W   2
C   L   1
C   L   2

You see thee combination of HI HO? The first three rows has unique combination, hence they are set to 1, the B rows has same W, hence different ROW_NUMBERS, likewise with HI C rows.

Now, why is the ORDER BY needed there? If the previous developer merely want to put a row_number on similar data (e.g. HI B, all data are B-W, B-W), he can just do this:

select
   hi,ho,
   row_number() over(partition by hi,ho)
from tbl;

But alas, Oracle(and Sql Server too) doesn't allow partition with no ORDER BY; whereas in Postgresql, ORDER BY on PARTITION is optional: http://www.sqlfiddle.com/#!1/27821/1

select
   hi,ho,
   row_number() over(partition by hi,ho)
from tbl;

Your ORDER BY on your partition look a bit redundant, not because of the previous developer's fault, some database just don't allow PARTITION with no ORDER BY, he might not able find a good candidate column to sort on. If both PARTITION BY columns and ORDER BY columns are the same just remove the ORDER BY, but since some database don't allow it, you can just do this:

SELECT cdt.*,
        ROW_NUMBER ()
        OVER (PARTITION BY cdt.country_code, cdt.account, cdt.currency
              ORDER BY newid())
           seq_no
   FROM CUSTOMER_DETAILS cdt

You cannot find a good column to use for sorting similar data? You might as well sort on random, the partitioned data have the same values anyway. You can use GUID for example(you use newid() for SQL Server). So that has the same output made by previous developer, it's unfortunate that some database doesn't allow PARTITION with no ORDER BY

Though really, it eludes me and I cannot find a good reason to put a number on the same combinations (B-W, B-W in example above). It's giving the impression of database having redundant data. Somehow reminded me of this: How to get one unique record from the same list of records from table? No Unique constraint in the table

It really looks arcane seeing a PARTITION BY with same combination of columns with ORDER BY, can not easily infer the code's intent.

Live test: http://www.sqlfiddle.com/#!3/27821/6

But as dbaseman have noticed also, it's useless to partition and order on same columns.

You have a set of data like this:

create table tbl(hi varchar, ho varchar);

insert into tbl values
('A','X'),
('A','X'),
('A','X'),
('B','Y'),
('B','Y'),
('C','Z'),
('C','Z');

Then you PARTITION BY hi,ho; and then you ORDER BY hi,ho. There's no sense numbering similar data :-) http://www.sqlfiddle.com/#!3/29ab8/3

select
   hi,ho,
   row_number() over(partition by hi,ho order by hi,ho) as nr
from tbl;

Output:

HI  HO  ROW_QUERY_A
A   X   1
A   X   2
A   X   3
B   Y   1
B   Y   2
C   Z   1
C   Z   2

See? Why need to put row numbers on same combination? What you will analyze on triple A,X, on double B,Y, on double C,Z? :-)

You just need to use PARTITION on non-unique column, then you sort on non-unique column(s)'s unique-ing column. Example will make it more clear:

create table tbl(hi varchar, ho varchar);

insert into tbl values
('A','D'),
('A','E'),
('A','F'),
('B','F'),
('B','E'),
('C','E'),
('C','D');

select
   hi,ho,
   row_number() over(partition by hi order by ho) as nr
from tbl;

PARTITION BY hi operates on non unique column, then on each partitioned column, you order on its unique column(ho), ORDER BY ho

Output:

HI  HO  NR
A   D   1
A   E   2
A   F   3
B   E   1
B   F   2
C   D   1
C   E   2

That data set makes more sense

Live test: http://www.sqlfiddle.com/#!3/d0b44/1

And this is similar to your query with same columns on both PARTITION BY and ORDER BY:

select
   hi,ho,
   row_number() over(partition by hi,ho order by hi,ho) as nr
from tbl;

And this is the ouput:

HI  HO  NR
A   D   1
A   E   1
A   F   1
B   E   1
B   F   1
C   D   1
C   E   1

See? no sense?

Live test: http://www.sqlfiddle.com/#!3/d0b44/3

Finally this might be the right query:

SELECT cdt.*,
     ROW_NUMBER ()
     OVER (PARTITION BY cdt.country_code, cdt.account -- removed: cdt.currency
           ORDER BY 
               -- removed: cdt.country_code, cdt.account, 
               cdt.currency) -- keep
        seq_no
FROM CUSTOMER_DETAILS cdt

This is a really annoying one. What I ended up using is this:

First, create a group of simple buttons with no data-toggle attribute.

<div id="selector" class="btn-group">
    <button type="button" class="btn active">Day</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn">Week</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn">Month</button>
    <button type="button" class="btn">Year</button>
</div>

Next, write an event handler that simulates the radio button effect by 'activating' the clicked one and 'deactivating' all other buttons. (EDIT: Integrated Nick's cleaner version from the comments.)

$('#selector button').click(function() {
    $(this).addClass('active').siblings().removeClass('active');

    // TODO: insert whatever you want to do with $(this) here
});

Probably rather than defining both the events click and touch you could define a an handler which will look if the device will work with click or touch.

var handleClick= 'ontouchstart' in document.documentElement ? 'touchstart': 'click';
$(document).on(handleClick,'.button',function(){
alert('Click is now working with touch and click both');
});

TortoiseGit also provides a command line tool to do see the history of a file. Using PowerShell:

C:\Program` Files\TortoiseGit\bin\TortoiseGitProc.exe /command:log /path:"c:\path\to\your\file.txt"

Have you tried using the concat() function?

ON tableTwo.query = concat('category_id=',tableOne.category_id)

Use the following command to clear screen in sqlplus.

SQL > clear scr 

By setting android:maxEms to a given value together with android:layout_weight="1" will cause the TextView to wrap once it reaches the given length of the ems.

SFINAE only works if substitution in argument deduction of a template argument makes the construct ill-formed. There is no such substitution.

I thought of that too and tried to use std::is_same< T, int >::value and ! std::is_same< T, int >::value which gives the same result.

That's because when the class template is instantiated (which happens when you create an object of type Y<int> among other cases), it instantiates all its member declarations (not necessarily their definitions/bodies!). Among them are also its member templates. Note that T is known then, and !std::is_same< T, int >::value yields false. So it will create a class Y<int> which contains

class Y<int> {
    public:
        /* instantiated from
        template < typename = typename std::enable_if< 
          std::is_same< T, int >::value >::type >
        T foo() {
            return 10;
        }
        */

        template < typename = typename std::enable_if< true >::type >
        int foo();

        /* instantiated from

        template < typename = typename std::enable_if< 
          ! std::is_same< T, int >::value >::type >
        T foo() {
            return 10;
        }
        */

        template < typename = typename std::enable_if< false >::type >
        int foo();
};

The std::enable_if<false>::type accesses a non-existing type, so that declaration is ill-formed. And thus your program is invalid.

You need to make the member templates' enable_if depend on a parameter of the member template itself. Then the declarations are valid, because the whole type is still dependent. When you try to call one of them, argument deduction for their template arguments happen and SFINAE happens as expected. See this question and the corresponding answer on how to do that.

You need:

li.Where(w=> w.name == "di").ToList().ForEach(i => i.age = 10);

Program code:

namespace Test
{
    class Program
    {
        class Myclass
        {
            public string name { get; set; }
            public decimal age { get; set; }
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var list = new List<Myclass> { new Myclass{name = "di", age = 0}, new Myclass{name = "marks", age = 0}, new Myclass{name = "grade", age = 0}};
            list.Where(w=> w.name == "di").ToList().ForEach(i => i.age = 10);
            list.ForEach(i => Console.WriteLine(i.name + ":" + i.age));
        }
    }
}

Output:

 di:10
 marks:0
 grade:0

There are many ways using them you can enable/disable any element :

Approach 1

$("#txtName").attr("disabled", true);

Approach 2

$("#txtName").attr("disabled", "disabled");

If you are using jQuery 1.7 or higher version then use prop(), instead of attr().

$("#txtName").prop("disabled", "disabled");

If you wish to enable any element then you just have to do opposite of what you did to make it disable. However jQuery provides another way to remove any attribute.

Approach 1

$("#txtName").attr("disabled", false);

Approach 2

$("#txtName").attr("disabled", "");

Approach 3

$("#txtName").removeAttr("disabled");

Again, if you are using jQuery 1.7 or higher version then use prop(), instead of attr(). That's is. This is how you enable or disable any element using jQuery.

Well, your whole code can be limited to:

foreach $line (@lines){
        $strings{$1}++ if $line =~ m|my regex|;
}

If the value is not there, ++ operator will assume it to be 0 (and then increment to 1). If it is already there - it will simply be incremented.

The only case that I am aware of where (2) can be better is when using GWT, because it reduces application footprint (not my idea, but the google web toolkit team says so). But for regular java running inside the JVM (1) is probably always better.

<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;URL='form2.html'">

Wikipedia Page on C++11 R-value references and move constructors

1. In C++11, in addition to copy constructors, objects can have move constructors.
   (And in addition to copy assignment operators, they have move assignment operators.)
2. The move constructor is used instead of the copy constructor, if the object has type "rvalue-reference" (Type &&).
3. std::move() is a cast that produces an rvalue-reference to an object, to enable moving from it.

It's a new C++ way to avoid copies. For example, using a move constructor, a std::vector could just copy its internal pointer to data to the new object, leaving the moved object in an moved from state, therefore not copying all the data. This would be C++-valid.

Try googling for move semantics, rvalue, perfect forwarding.

SELECT TOP 5 Id, Name FROM customerNames ORDER BY NEWID()

You need to use Arrow function ()=> ES6 feature to preserve this context within setTimeout.

// var that = this;                             // no need of this line
this.messageSuccess = true;

setTimeout(()=>{                           //<<<---using ()=> syntax
      this.messageSuccess = false;
 }, 3000);

EDIT: Updated for jQuery 1.8

Since jQuery 1.8 browser specific transformations will be added automatically. jsFiddle Demo

var rotation = 0;

jQuery.fn.rotate = function(degrees) {
    $(this).css({'transform' : 'rotate('+ degrees +'deg)'});
    return $(this);
};

$('.rotate').click(function() {
    rotation += 5;
    $(this).rotate(rotation);
});

EDIT: Added code to make it a jQuery function.

For those of you who don't want to read any further, here you go. For more details and examples, read on. jsFiddle Demo.

var rotation = 0;

jQuery.fn.rotate = function(degrees) {
    $(this).css({'-webkit-transform' : 'rotate('+ degrees +'deg)',
                 '-moz-transform' : 'rotate('+ degrees +'deg)',
                 '-ms-transform' : 'rotate('+ degrees +'deg)',
                 'transform' : 'rotate('+ degrees +'deg)'});
    return $(this);
};

$('.rotate').click(function() {
    rotation += 5;
    $(this).rotate(rotation);
});

EDIT: One of the comments on this post mentioned jQuery Multirotation. This plugin for jQuery essentially performs the above function with support for IE8. It may be worth using if you want maximum compatibility or more options. But for minimal overhead, I suggest the above function. It will work IE9+, Chrome, Firefox, Opera, and many others.

Bobby... This is for the people who actually want to do it in the javascript. This may be required for rotating on a javascript callback.

Here is a jsFiddle.

If you would like to rotate at custom intervals, you can use jQuery to manually set the css instead of adding a class. Like this! I have included both jQuery options at the bottom of the answer.

HTML

<div class="rotate">
    <h1>Rotatey text</h1>
</div>

CSS

/* Totally for style */
.rotate {
    background: #F02311;
    color: #FFF;
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    text-align: center;
    font: normal 1em Arial;
    position: relative;
    top: 50px;
    left: 50px;
}

/* The real code */
.rotated {
    -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);  /* Chrome, Safari 3.1+ */
    -moz-transform: rotate(45deg);  /* Firefox 3.5-15 */
    -ms-transform: rotate(45deg);  /* IE 9 */
    -o-transform: rotate(45deg);  /* Opera 10.50-12.00 */
    transform: rotate(45deg);  /* Firefox 16+, IE 10+, Opera 12.10+ */
}

jQuery

Make sure these are wrapped in $(document).ready

$('.rotate').click(function() {
    $(this).toggleClass('rotated');
});

Custom intervals

var rotation = 0;
$('.rotate').click(function() {
    rotation += 5;
    $(this).css({'-webkit-transform' : 'rotate('+ rotation +'deg)',
                 '-moz-transform' : 'rotate('+ rotation +'deg)',
                 '-ms-transform' : 'rotate('+ rotation +'deg)',
                 'transform' : 'rotate('+ rotation +'deg)'});
});

The r makes the string a raw string, which doesn't process escape characters (however, since there are none in the string, it is actually not needed here).

Also, re.match matches from the beginning of the string. In other words, it looks for an exact match between the string and the pattern. To match stuff that could be anywhere in the string, use re.search. See a demonstration below:

>>> import re
>>> line = 'This,is,a,sample,string'
>>> re.match("sample", line)
>>> re.search("sample", line)
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x021D32C0>
>>>

I just had to do this myself, so I thought I would post another answer here.

Here is another way to create a rounded corner border and clip its inner content. This is the straightforward way by using the Clip property. It's nice if you want to avoid a VisualBrush.

The xaml:

<Border
    Width="200"
    Height="25"
    CornerRadius="11"
    Background="#FF919194"
>
    <Border.Clip>
        <RectangleGeometry
            RadiusX="{Binding CornerRadius.TopLeft, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type Border}}}"
            RadiusY="{Binding RadiusX, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Self}}"
        >
            <RectangleGeometry.Rect>
                <MultiBinding
                    Converter="{StaticResource widthAndHeightToRectConverter}"
                >
                    <Binding
                        Path="ActualWidth"
                        RelativeSource="{RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type Border}}"
                    />
                    <Binding
                        Path="ActualHeight"
                        RelativeSource="{RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type Border}}"
                    />
                </MultiBinding>
            </RectangleGeometry.Rect>
        </RectangleGeometry>
    </Border.Clip>

    <Rectangle
        Width="100"
        Height="100"
        Fill="Blue"
        HorizontalAlignment="Left"
        VerticalAlignment="Center"
    />
</Border>

The code for the converter:

public class WidthAndHeightToRectConverter : IMultiValueConverter
{
    public object Convert(object[] values, Type targetType, object parameter, CultureInfo culture)
    {
        double width = (double)values[0];
        double height = (double)values[1];
        return new Rect(0, 0, width, height);
    }
    public object[] ConvertBack(object value, Type[] targetTypes, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
}

This happens when your table structure and model class no longer in sync. You need to update the table structure according to the model class or vice versa -- this is when your data is important and must not be deleted. If your data structure has changed and the data isn't important to you, you can use the DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges feature (formerly known as 'RecreateDatabaseIfModelChanges' feature) by adding the following code in your Global.asax.cs:

Database.SetInitializer<MyDbContext>(new DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<MyDbContext>());

Run your application again.

As the name implies, this will drop your database and recreate according to your latest model class (or classes) -- provided you believe the table structure definitions in your model classes are the most current and latest; otherwise change the property definitions of your model classes instead.

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){
    int asciiVal = rand()%26 + 97;
    char asciiChar = asciiVal;
    cout << asciiChar << " and ";
}

"Segmentation fault" means that you tried to access memory that you do not have access to.

The first problem is with your arguments of main. The main function should be int main(int argc, char *argv[]), and you should check that argc is at least 2 before accessing argv[1].

Also, since you're passing in a float to printf (which, by the way, gets converted to a double when passing to printf), you should use the %f format specifier. The %s format specifier is for strings ('\0'-terminated character arrays).

This question has lasted for a long time but I want to pitch in something. I have been working on a Spring project challenge and I discovered that in Eclipse IDE. If you are using Maven or Gradle for Spring Boot Rest APIs, you have to remove the Junit 4 or 5 in the build path and include Junit in your pom.xml or Gradle build file. I guess that applies to yml configuration file too.

:.,$d

This will delete all content from current line to end of the file. This is very useful when you're dealing with test vector generation or stripping.

I had a similar problem with HTML input fields in MVC. The web paged only showed the first keyword of the field. Example: input field: "The quick brown fox" Displayed value: "The"

The resolution was to put the variable in quotes in the value statement as follows:

<input class="ParmInput" type="text" id="respondingRangerUnit" name="respondingRangerUnit"
       onchange="validateInteger(this.value)" value="@ViewBag.respondingRangerUnit">

See http://php.net/manual/en/function.pathinfo.php

pathinfo(__FILE__, PATHINFO_FILENAME);

Why not simply use angular.isObject with negation? e.g.

if (!angular.isObject(obj)) {
    return;
}

for i in range(100):
    if i == 50:
        continue
    dosomething

In your script, why are you using single quotes around the variables? These will not be expanded. Use double quotes for variable expansion or just the variable names themselves.

unzipRelease –Src '$ReleaseFile' -Dst '$Destination'

to

unzipRelease –Src "$ReleaseFile" -Dst "$Destination"

If you are still using .NET 2.0, then [IO.Path]::Combine won't have the params string[] overload which you need to join more than two parts, and you'll see the error Cannot find an overload for "Combine" and the argument count: "3".

Slightly less elegant, but a pure PowerShell solution is to manually aggregate path parts:

Join-Path C: (Join-Path  "Program Files" "Microsoft Office")

or

Join-Path  (Join-Path  C: "Program Files") "Microsoft Office"

Use SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() in query

Use IIFE(Immediately Invoked Function Expression), IIFE

(function () {
    all your code is here...

 })();

As others have mentioned the dollar sign is intended to be used by mechanically generated code. However, that convention has been broken by some wildly popular JavaScript libraries. JQuery, Prototype and MS AJAX (AKA Atlas) all use this character in their identifiers (or as an entire identifier).

In short you can use the $ whenever you want. (The interpreter won't complain.) The question is when do you want to use it?

I personally do not use it, but I think its use is valid. I think MS AJAX uses it to signify that a function is an alias for some more verbose call.

For example:

var $get = function(id) { return document.getElementById(id); }

That seems like a reasonable convention.

Your code only works for global functions, ie. members of the window object. To use it with arbitrary functions, pass the function itself instead of its name as a string:

function dispatch(fn, args) {
    fn = (typeof fn == "function") ? fn : window[fn];  // Allow fn to be a function object or the name of a global function
    return fn.apply(this, args || []);  // args is optional, use an empty array by default
}

function f1() {}

function f2() {
    var f = function() {};
    dispatch(f, [1, 2, 3]);
}

dispatch(f1, ["foobar"]);
dispatch("f1", ["foobar"]);

f2();  // calls inner-function "f" in "f2"
dispatch("f", [1, 2, 3]);  // doesn't work since "f" is local in "f2"

place in init script like .bashrc ... adjust def as needed.

duh() {
  # shows disk utilization for a path and depth level
  path="${1:-$PWD}"
  level="${2:-0}"
  du "$path" -h --max-depth="$level"
}

var soundEffect = AVAudioPlayer()

func playSound(_ buttonTag : Int){

    let path = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "note\(buttonTag)", ofType : "wav")!
    let url = URL(fileURLWithPath : path)

    do{
        soundEffect = try AVAudioPlayer(contentsOf: url)
        soundEffect?.play()
        // to stop the spound .stop()
    }catch{
        print ("file could not be loaded or other error!")
    }
}

works in swift 4 latest version. ButtonTag would be a tag on a button on your interface. Notes are in a folder in a folder parallel to Main.storyboard. Every note is named as note1, note2, etc. ButtonTag is giving the number 1, 2, etc from the button clicked which is passed as param

Since you haven't posted any code, it's difficult to know exactly which problems you're encountering. However, the blog post you link to does seem to work pretty decently... aside from the extra comma in each call to CCCrypt() which caused compile errors.

A later comment on that post includes this adapted code, which works for me, and seems a bit more straightforward. If you include their code for the NSData category, you can write something like this: (Note: The printf() calls are only for demonstrating the state of the data at various points — in a real application, it wouldn't make sense to print such values.)

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

    NSString *key = @"my password";
    NSString *secret = @"text to encrypt";

    NSData *plain = [secret dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSData *cipher = [plain AES256EncryptWithKey:key];
    printf("%s\n", [[cipher description] UTF8String]);

    plain = [cipher AES256DecryptWithKey:key];
    printf("%s\n", [[plain description] UTF8String]);
    printf("%s\n", [[[NSString alloc] initWithData:plain encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] UTF8String]);

    [pool drain];
    return 0;
}

Given this code, and the fact that encrypted data will not always translate nicely into an NSString, it may be more convenient to write two methods that wrap the functionality you need, in forward and reverse...

- (NSData*) encryptString:(NSString*)plaintext withKey:(NSString*)key {
    return [[plaintext dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] AES256EncryptWithKey:key];
}

- (NSString*) decryptData:(NSData*)ciphertext withKey:(NSString*)key {
    return [[[NSString alloc] initWithData:[ciphertext AES256DecryptWithKey:key]
                                  encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] autorelease];
}

This definitely works on Snow Leopard, and @Boz reports that CommonCrypto is part of the Core OS on the iPhone. Both 10.4 and 10.5 have /usr/include/CommonCrypto, although 10.5 has a man page for CCCryptor.3cc and 10.4 doesn't, so YMMV.

EDIT: See this follow-up question on using Base64 encoding for representing encrypted data bytes as a string (if desired) using safe, lossless conversions.

Using Java 8

With Java 8 you can simply convert your list to a stream allowing you to write:

import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

List<Sample> list = new ArrayList<Sample>();
List<Sample> result = list.stream()
    .filter(a -> Objects.equals(a.value3, "three"))
    .collect(Collectors.toList());

Note that

• a -> Objects.equals(a.value3, "three") is a lambda expression
• result is a List with a Sample type
• It's very fast, no cast at every iteration
• If your filter logic gets heavier, you can do list.parallelStream() instead of list.stream() (read this)

Apache Commons

If you can't use Java 8, you can use Apache Commons library and write:

import org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Predicate;

Collection result = CollectionUtils.select(list, new Predicate() {
     public boolean evaluate(Object a) {
         return Objects.equals(((Sample) a).value3, "three");
     }
 });

// If you need the results as a typed array:
Sample[] resultTyped = (Sample[]) result.toArray(new Sample[result.size()]);

Note that:

• There is a cast from Object to Sample at each iteration
• If you need your results to be typed as Sample[], you need extra code (as shown in my sample)

Bonus: A nice blog article talking about how to find element in list.

Similar, but using WMIC command line to obtain the process ID and path:

WMIC /OUTPUT:C:\ProcessList.txt PROCESS get Caption,Commandline,Processid

This will create a text file with each process and its parameters. You can search in the file for your VM File Path, and get the correct Process ID to end task with.

Thanks to http://windowsxp.mvps.org/listproc.htm for the correct command line parameters.

You can use .deepEqual()

const { assert } = require('chai');

assert.deepEqual([0,0], [0,0]);

Try adding this piece of code. It worked for me.

$opts = array(_x000D_
    'ssl' => array('ciphers'=>'RC4-SHA', 'verify_peer'=>false, 'verify_peer_name'=>false)_x000D_
);_x000D_
// SOAP 1.2 client_x000D_
$params = array ('encoding' => 'UTF-8', 'verifypeer' => false, 'verifyhost' => false, 'soap_version' => SOAP_1_2, 'trace' => 1, 'exceptions' => 1, "connection_timeout" => 180, 'stream_context' => stream_context_create($opts) );_x000D_
$url = "http://www.webservicex.net/globalweather.asmx?WSDL";_x000D_
_x000D_
try{_x000D_
 $client = new SoapClient($url,$params );_x000D_
}_x000D_
catch(SoapFault $fault) {_x000D_
 echo '<br>'.$fault;_x000D_
}

Here's one approach that uses a keylistener,but uses the keyChar (instead of the keyCode):

http://edenti.deis.unibo.it/utils/Java-tips/Validating%20numerical%20input%20in%20a%20JTextField.txt

 keyText.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
      char c = e.getKeyChar();
      if (!((c >= '0') && (c <= '9') ||
         (c == KeyEvent.VK_BACK_SPACE) ||
         (c == KeyEvent.VK_DELETE))) {
        getToolkit().beep();
        e.consume();
      }
    }
  });

Another approach (which personally I find almost as over-complicated as Swing's JTree model) is to use Formatted Text Fields:

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/components/formattedtextfield.html

If you have declare a bitmap object and you want to display it or store this bitmap object. but first you have to assign any image , and you may use the button click event, this code will only demonstrate that how to store the drawable image in bitmap Object.

Bitmap contact_pic = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
                           v.getContext().getResources(),
                           R.drawable.android_logo
                     );

Now you can use this bitmap object, whether you want to store it, or to use it in google maps while drawing a pic on fixed latitude and longitude, or to use some where else

In order to write into a file in Python, we need to open it in write w, append a or exclusive creation x mode.

We need to be careful with the w mode, as it will overwrite into the file if it already exists. Due to this, all the previous data are erased.

Writing a string or sequence of bytes (for binary files) is done using the write() method. This method returns the number of characters written to the file.

with open('Failed.py','w',encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
   f.write("Write what you want to write in\n")
   f.write("this file\n\n")

This program will create a new file named Failed.py in the current directory if it does not exist. If it does exist, it is overwritten.

We must include the newline characters ourselves to distinguish the different lines.

Just for reference: with jQuery you can overwrite negative values on focusout with the following code:

$(document).ready(function(){
    $("body").delegate('#myInputNumber', 'focusout', function(){
        if($(this).val() < 0){
            $(this).val('0');
        }
    });
});

This does not replace server side validation!

If you want to change MSSQL server language, you can use the following QUERY:

EXEC sp_configure 'default language', 'British English';

Comparing non-primitives (aka Objects) in Java with == compares their reference instead of their values. Long is a class and thus Long values are Objects.

The problem is that the Java Developers wanted people to use Long like they used long to provide compatibility, which led to the concept of autoboxing, which is essentially the feature, that long-values will be changed to Long-Objects and vice versa as needed. The behaviour of autoboxing is not exactly predictable all the time though, as it is not completely specified.

So to be safe and to have predictable results always use .equals() to compare objects and do not rely on autoboxing in this case:

Long num1 = 127, num2 = 127;
if(num1.equals(num2)) { iWillBeExecutedAlways(); }

Preferred way to change the appearance/whatever of row views once the ListView is drawn is to change something in the data ListView draws from (the array of objects that is passed into your Adapter) and make sure to account for that in your getView() function, then redraw the ListView by calling

notifyDataSetChanged();

EDIT: while there is a way to do this, if you need to do this chances are doing something wrong. While are few edge cases I can think about, generally using notifyDataSetChanged() and other built in mechanisms is a way to go.

EDIT 2: One of the common mistakes people make is trying to come up with their own way to respond to user clicking/selecting a row in the ListView, as in one of the comments to this post. There is an existing way to do this. Here's how:

mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
    /* Parameters
    parent:     The AdapterView where the click happened.
    view:       The view within the AdapterView that was clicked (this will be a view provided by the adapter)
    position:   The position of the view in the adapter.
    id:         The row id of the item that was clicked. */
    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
        //your code here
    }
});

ListView has a lot of build-in functionality and there is no need to reinvent the wheel for simpler cases. Since ListView extends AdapterView, you can set the same Listeners, such as OnItemClickListener as in the example above.

If I invoke clone() method on array of Objects of type A, how will it clone its elements?

The elements of the array will not be cloned.

Will the copy be referencing to the same objects?

Yes.

Or will it call (element of type A).clone() for each of them?

No, it will not call clone() on any of the elements.

Related to the chosen Answer, just want to add on to the chosen Answer.

In that answer, regarding the solution with .ajaxSetup(...). In your Django settings.py, if you have

CSRF_USE_SESSIONS = True

It would cause the chosen Answer to not work at all. Deleting that line, or setting it to False worked for me while implementing the chosen Answer's solution.

Interestingly, if you set the following in your Django settings.py

CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True

This variable will not cause the chosen Answer's solution to stop functioning.

Both CSRF_USE_SESSIONS and CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY comes from this official Django doc https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/csrf/

(I do not have enough rep to comment, so I am posting my inputs an Answer)

New version, now you also have the GC= try to replace both DPB and GC with those

DPB="DBD9775A4B774B77B4894C77DFE8FE6D2CCEB951E8045C2AB7CA507D8F3AC7E3A7F59012A2" GC="BAB816BBF4BCF4BCF4"

password will be "test"

I don't know how you could miss this one, it's pretty basic. That's the syntax for initializing member variables or base class constructors. It works for plain old data types as well as class objects.

import sys
sys.modules.keys()

An approximation of getting all imports for the current module only would be to inspect globals() for modules:

import types
def imports():
    for name, val in globals().items():
        if isinstance(val, types.ModuleType):
            yield val.__name__

This won't return local imports, or non-module imports like from x import y. Note that this returns val.__name__ so you get the original module name if you used import module as alias; yield name instead if you want the alias.

I stumbled in the same problem while working on a web api Asp Net Core project. I followed the suggestion to change the reference in my code to:

ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["NameOfTheConnectionString"].ConnectionString

but adding the reference to System.Configuration.dll caused the error "Reference not valid or not supported".

To fix the problem I had to download the package System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager using NuGet (Tools -> Nuget Package-> Manage Nuget packages for the solution)

In the Macros explorer under samples/accessibility there is an IncreaseTextEditorFontSize and a DecreaseTextEditorFontSize. Bind those to some keyboard shortcuts.

If you are using MySQL use a field type of TIME and the associated functionality that comes with TIME.

00:00:00 is standard unix time format.

If you ever have to look back and review the tables by hand, integers can be more confusing than an actual time stamp.

What does copying an object mean? There are a few ways you can copy objects--let's talk about the 2 kinds you're most likely referring to--deep copy and shallow copy.

Since we're in an object-oriented language (or at least are assuming so), let's say you have a piece of memory allocated. Since it's an OO-language, we can easily refer to chunks of memory we allocate because they are usually primitive variables (ints, chars, bytes) or classes we defined that are made of our own types and primitives. So let's say we have a class of Car as follows:

class Car //A very simple class just to demonstrate what these definitions mean.
//It's pseudocode C++/Javaish, I assume strings do not need to be allocated.
{
private String sPrintColor;
private String sModel;
private String sMake;

public changePaint(String newColor)
{
   this.sPrintColor = newColor;
}

public Car(String model, String make, String color) //Constructor
{
   this.sPrintColor = color;
   this.sModel = model;
   this.sMake = make;
}

public ~Car() //Destructor
{
//Because we did not create any custom types, we aren't adding more code.
//Anytime your object goes out of scope / program collects garbage / etc. this guy gets called + all other related destructors.
//Since we did not use anything but strings, we have nothing additional to handle.
//The assumption is being made that the 3 strings will be handled by string's destructor and that it is being called automatically--if this were not the case you would need to do it here.
}

public Car(const Car &other) // Copy Constructor
{
   this.sPrintColor = other.sPrintColor;
   this.sModel = other.sModel;
   this.sMake = other.sMake;
}
public Car &operator =(const Car &other) // Assignment Operator
{
   if(this != &other)
   {
      this.sPrintColor = other.sPrintColor;
      this.sModel = other.sModel;
      this.sMake = other.sMake;
   }
   return *this;
}

}

A deep copy is if we declare an object and then create a completely separate copy of the object...we end up with 2 objects in 2 completely sets of memory.

Car car1 = new Car("mustang", "ford", "red");
Car car2 = car1; //Call the copy constructor
car2.changePaint("green");
//car2 is now green but car1 is still red.

Now let's do something strange. Let's say car2 is either programmed wrong or purposely meant to share the actual memory that car1 is made of. (It's usually a mistake to do this and in classes is usually the blanket it's discussed under.) Pretend that anytime you ask about car2, you're really resolving a pointer to car1's memory space...that's more or less what a shallow copy is.

//Shallow copy example
//Assume we're in C++ because it's standard behavior is to shallow copy objects if you do not have a constructor written for an operation.
//Now let's assume I do not have any code for the assignment or copy operations like I do above...with those now gone, C++ will use the default.

 Car car1 = new Car("ford", "mustang", "red"); 
 Car car2 = car1; 
 car2.changePaint("green");//car1 is also now green 
 delete car2;/*I get rid of my car which is also really your car...I told C++ to resolve 
 the address of where car2 exists and delete the memory...which is also
 the memory associated with your car.*/
 car1.changePaint("red");/*program will likely crash because this area is
 no longer allocated to the program.*/

So regardless of what language you're writing in, be very careful about what you mean when it comes to copying objects because most of the time you want a deep copy.

What are the copy constructor and the copy assignment operator? I have already used them above. The copy constructor is called when you type code such as Car car2 = car1; Essentially if you declare a variable and assign it in one line, that's when the copy constructor is called. The assignment operator is what happens when you use an equal sign--car2 = car1;. Notice car2 isn't declared in the same statement. The two chunks of code you write for these operations are likely very similar. In fact the typical design pattern has another function you call to set everything once you're satisfied the initial copy/assignment is legitimate--if you look at the longhand code I wrote, the functions are nearly identical.

When do I need to declare them myself? If you are not writing code that is to be shared or for production in some manner, you really only need to declare them when you need them. You do need to be aware of what your program language does if you choose to use it 'by accident' and didn't make one--i.e. you get the compiler default. I rarely use copy constructors for instance, but assignment operator overrides are very common. Did you know you can override what addition, subtraction, etc. mean as well?

How can I prevent my objects from being copied? Override all of the ways you're allowed to allocate memory for your object with a private function is a reasonable start. If you really don't want people copying them, you could make it public and alert the programmer by throwing an exception and also not copying the object.

There might two issues

1) $blogs may be a stdObject

or

2) The properties of the array might be the stdObject

Try using var_dump($blogs) and see the actual problem if the properties of array have stdObject try like this

$blog->id;
$blog->content;
$blog->title;

Your code is correct. Perhaps your problem is that you are not passing an ID to the AddBorder function, or that an element with that ID does not exist. Or you might be running your function before the element in question is accessible through the browser's DOM.

To identify the first case or determine the cause of the second case, add these as the first lines inside the function:

alert('ID number: ' + id);
alert('Return value of gEBI: ' + document.getElementById('horseThumb_' + id));

That will open pop-up windows each time the function is called, with the value of id and the return value of document.getElementById. If you get undefined for the ID number pop-up, you are not passing an argument to the function. If the ID does not exist, you would get your (incorrect?) ID number in the first pop-up but get null in the second.

The third case would happen if your web page looks like this, trying to run AddBorder while the page is still loading:

<head>
<title>My Web Page</title>
<script>
    function AddBorder(id) {
        ...
    }
    AddBorder(42);    // Won't work; the page hasn't completely loaded yet!
</script>
</head>

To fix this, put all the code that uses AddBorder inside an onload event handler:

// Can only have one of these per page
window.onload = function() {
    ...
    AddBorder(42);
    ...
} 

// Or can have any number of these on a page
function doWhatever() {
   ...
   AddBorder(42);
   ...
}

if(window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener('load', doWhatever, false);
else window.attachEvent('onload', doWhatever);

Short answer:

To create your vimrc, start up Vim and do one of the following:

:e $HOME/.vimrc  " on Unix, Mac or OS/2

:e $HOME/_vimrc  " on Windows

:e s:.vimrc      " on Amiga

Insert the settings you want, and save the file.

Note that exisitence of this file will disable the compatible option. See below for details.

Long answer:

There are two kinds of vimrc:

• the user vimrc in $HOME
• the system vimrc in $VIM (on Amiga systems, s:.vimrc is considered a user vimrc)

The user vimrc file often does not exist until created by the user. If you cannot find $HOME/.vimrc (or $HOME/_vimrc on Windows) then you can, and probably should, just create it.

The system vimrc should normally be left unmodified and is located in the $VIM^* directory. The system vimrc is not a good place you keep your personal settings. If you modify this file your changes may be overwritten if you ever upgrade Vim. Also, changes here will affect other users on a multi-user system. In most cases, settings in the user vimrc will override settings in the system vimrc.

From :help vimrc:

A file that contains initialization commands is called a "vimrc" file. Each line in a vimrc file is executed as an Ex command line. It is sometimes also referred to as "exrc" file. They are the same type of file, but "exrc" is what Vi always used, "vimrc" is a Vim specific name. Also see |vimrc-intro|.

Places for your personal initializations:

    Unix            $HOME/.vimrc or $HOME/.vim/vimrc
    OS/2            $HOME/.vimrc, $HOME/vimfiles/vimrc
                    or $VIM/.vimrc (or _vimrc)
    MS-Windows      $HOME/_vimrc, $HOME/vimfiles/vimrc
                    or $VIM/_vimrc
    Amiga           s:.vimrc, home:.vimrc, home:vimfiles:vimrc
                    or $VIM/.vimrc

The files are searched in the order specified above and only the first one that is found is read.

(MacOS counts as Unix for the above.)

Note that the mere existence of a user vimrc will change Vim's behavior by turning off the compatible option. From :help compatible-default:

When Vim starts, the 'compatible' option is on. This will be used when Vim starts its initializations. But as soon as a user vimrc file is found, or a vimrc file in the current directory, or the "VIMINIT" environment variable is set, it will be set to 'nocompatible'. This has the side effect of setting or resetting other options (see 'compatible'). But only the options that have not been set or reset will be changed.

^{* $VIM may not be set in your shell, but is always set inside Vim. If you want to see what it's set to, start up Vim and use the command :echo $VIM}

Both rebase (and cherry-pick) and merge have their advantages and disadvantages. I argue for merge here, but it's worth understanding both. (Look here for an alternate, well-argued answer enumerating cases where rebase is preferred.)

merge is preferred over cherry-pick and rebase for a couple of reasons.

1. Robustness. The SHA1 identifier of a commit identifies it not just in and of itself but also in relation to all other commits that precede it. This offers you a guarantee that the state of the repository at a given SHA1 is identical across all clones. There is (in theory) no chance that someone has done what looks like the same change but is actually corrupting or hijacking your repository. You can cherry-pick in individual changes and they are likely the same, but you have no guarantee. (As a minor secondary issue the new cherry-picked commits will take up extra space if someone else cherry-picks in the same commit again, as they will both be present in the history even if your working copies end up being identical.)
2. Ease of use. People tend to understand the merge workflow fairly easily. rebase tends to be considered more advanced. It's best to understand both, but people who do not want to be experts in version control (which in my experience has included many colleagues who are damn good at what they do, but don't want to spend the extra time) have an easier time just merging.

Even with a merge-heavy workflow rebase and cherry-pick are still useful for particular cases:

1. One downside to merge is cluttered history. rebase prevents a long series of commits from being scattered about in your history, as they would be if you periodically merged in others' changes. That is in fact its main purpose as I use it. What you want to be very careful of, is never to rebase code that you have shared with other repositories. Once a commit is pushed someone else might have committed on top of it, and rebasing will at best cause the kind of duplication discussed above. At worst you can end up with a very confused repository and subtle errors it will take you a long time to ferret out.
2. cherry-pick is useful for sampling out a small subset of changes from a topic branch you've basically decided to discard, but realized there are a couple of useful pieces on.

As for preferring merging many changes over one: it's just a lot simpler. It can get very tedious to do merges of individual changesets once you start having a lot of them. The merge resolution in git (and in Mercurial, and in Bazaar) is very very good. You won't run into major problems merging even long branches most of the time. I generally merge everything all at once and only if I get a large number of conflicts do I back up and re-run the merge piecemeal. Even then I do it in large chunks. As a very real example I had a colleague who had 3 months worth of changes to merge, and got some 9000 conflicts in 250000 line code-base. What we did to fix is do the merge one month's worth at a time: conflicts do not build up linearly, and doing it in pieces results in far fewer than 9000 conflicts. It was still a lot of work, but not as much as trying to do it one commit at a time.

Try this. For me it worked

getSupportActionBar().setDisplayShowHomeEnabled(true);
getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
getSupportActionBar().setDisplayUseLogoEnabled(true);

Building on answer by user462990

To be notified when the user responds to the permission request dialog, use this: (code in kotlin)

override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int,
                                        permissions: Array<String>,
                                        grantResults: IntArray) {
    when (requestCode) {
        MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS -> {
            // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
            if ((grantResults.isNotEmpty() && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {

                // permission was granted, yay! Do the
                // contacts-related task you need to do.

            } else {

                // permission denied, boo! Disable the
                // functionality that depends on this permission.

            }
            return
        }

        // Add other 'when' lines to check for other
        // permissions this app might request.

        else -> {
                // Ignore all other requests.
        }   
    }
}

Inductive reasoning, the process of concept-formation, is recursive in nature. Your brain does it all the time, in the real world.

One more important thing needs to be highlighted. It's better to use params because it is better for performance. When you call a method with params argument and passed to it nothing:

public void ExampleMethod(params string[] args)
{
// do some stuff
}

call:

ExampleMethod();

Then a new versions of the .Net Framework do this (from .Net Framework 4.6):

ExampleMethod(Array.Empty<string>());

This Array.Empty object can be reused by framework later, so there are no needs to do redundant allocations. These allocations will occur when you call this method like this:

 ExampleMethod(new string[] {});

content doesn't support HTML, only text. You should probably use javascript, jQuery or something like that.

Another problem with your code is " inside a " block. You should mix ' and " (class='headingDetail').

If content did support HTML you could end up in an infinite loop where content is added inside content.

Python 3+:

inv_map = {v: k for k, v in my_map.items()}

Python 2:

inv_map = {v: k for k, v in my_map.iteritems()}

Plugin: jquery-ui-autocomplete-scroll with scroller and limit results are beautiful

$('#task').autocomplete({
  maxShowItems: 5,
  source: myarray
});

When you change your passwords in the security tab, there are two sections, one above and one below. I think the common mistake here is that others try to log-in with the account they have set "below" the one used for htaccess, whereas they should log in to the password they set on the above section. That's how I fixed mine.

Launch the Terminal application and enter the following command after the prompt

  openssl pkcs12 -in CertificateName.p12 -out CertificateName.pem -nodes

REAL is what you are looking for. Documentation of SQLite datatypes

We have an application that allows the user to set "parameters" in the page. What we do is set those params on the URL, using React Router (in conjunction with History) and a library that URI-encodes JavaScript objects into a format that can be used as your query string.

When the user selects an option, we can push the value of that onto the current route with:

history.push({pathname: 'path/', search: '?' + Qs.stringify(params)});

pathname can be the current path. In your case params would look something like:

{
  selectedOption: 5
}

Then at the top level of the React tree, React Router will update the props of that component with a prop of location.search which is the encoded value we set earlier, so there will be something in componentWillReceiveProps like:

params = Qs.parse(nextProps.location.search.substring(1));
this.setState({selectedOption: params.selectedOption});

Then that component and its children will re-render with the updated setting. As the information is on the URL it can be bookmarked (or emailed around - this was our use case) and a refresh will leave the app in the same state. This has been working really well for our application.

React Router: https://github.com/reactjs/react-router

History: https://github.com/ReactTraining/history

The query string library: https://github.com/ljharb/qs

Separate it into 2 triggers. One for the deletion and one for the insertion\ update.

I have a more complicated situation, the dataset has a nested structure:

import json
data = '{"TextID":{"0":"0038f0569e","1":"003eb6998d","2":"006da49ea0"},"Summary":{"0":{"Crisis_Level":["c"],"Type":["d"],"Special_Date":["a"]},"1":{"Crisis_Level":["d"],"Type":["a","d"],"Special_Date":["a"]},"2":{"Crisis_Level":["d"],"Type":["a"],"Special_Date":["a"]}}}'
df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(json.loads(data))
print(df)

output:

        TextID                                            Summary
0  0038f0569e  {'Crisis_Level': ['c'], 'Type': ['d'], 'Specia...
1  003eb6998d  {'Crisis_Level': ['d'], 'Type': ['a', 'd'], 'S...
2  006da49ea0  {'Crisis_Level': ['d'], 'Type': ['a'], 'Specia...

The Summary column contains dict objects, so I use apply with from_dict and stack to extract each row of dict:

df2 = df.apply(
    lambda x: pd.DataFrame.from_dict(x[1], orient='index').stack(), axis=1)
print(df2)

output:

    Crisis_Level Special_Date Type     
                0            0    0    1
0            c            a    d  NaN
1            d            a    a    d
2            d            a    a  NaN

Looks good, but missing the TextID column. To get TextID column back, I've tried three approach:

1. Modify apply to return multiple columns:

   df_tmp = df.copy()
   
   df_tmp[['TextID', 'Summary']] = df.apply(
       lambda x: pd.Series([x[0], pd.DataFrame.from_dict(x[1], orient='index').stack()]), axis=1)
   print(df_tmp)
   

   output:

       TextID                                            Summary
   0  0038f0569e  Crisis_Level  0    c
   Type          0    d
   Spec...
   1  003eb6998d  Crisis_Level  0    d
   Type          0    a
       ...
   2  006da49ea0  Crisis_Level  0    d
   Type          0    a
   Spec...
   

   But this is not what I want, the Summary structure are flatten.

2. Use pd.concat:

   df_tmp2 = pd.concat([df['TextID'], df2], axis=1)
   print(df_tmp2)
   

   output:

       TextID (Crisis_Level, 0) (Special_Date, 0) (Type, 0) (Type, 1)
   0  0038f0569e                 c                 a         d       NaN
   1  003eb6998d                 d                 a         a         d
   2  006da49ea0                 d                 a         a       NaN
   

   Looks fine, the MultiIndex column structure are preserved as tuple. But check columns type:

   df_tmp2.columns
   

   output:

   Index(['TextID', ('Crisis_Level', 0), ('Special_Date', 0), ('Type', 0),
       ('Type', 1)],
       dtype='object')
   

   Just as a regular Index class, not MultiIndex class.

3. use set_index:

   Turn all columns you want to preserve into row index, after some complicated apply function and then reset_index to get columns back:

   df_tmp3 = df.set_index('TextID')
   
   df_tmp3 = df_tmp3.apply(
       lambda x: pd.DataFrame.from_dict(x[0], orient='index').stack(), axis=1)
   
   df_tmp3 = df_tmp3.reset_index(level=0)
   print(df_tmp3)
   

   output:

       TextID Crisis_Level Special_Date Type     
                           0            0    0    1
   0  0038f0569e            c            a    d  NaN
   1  003eb6998d            d            a    a    d
   2  006da49ea0            d            a    a  NaN
   

   Check the type of columns

   df_tmp3.columns
   

   output:

   MultiIndex(levels=[['Crisis_Level', 'Special_Date', 'Type', 'TextID'], [0, 1, '']],
           codes=[[3, 0, 1, 2, 2], [2, 0, 0, 0, 1]])
   

So, If your apply function will return MultiIndex columns, and you want to preserve it, you may want to try the third method.

Are you looking for "SELECT * FROM temp_tickets GROUP BY ticket_id ORDER BY ticket_id ?

UPDATE

SELECT t.* 
FROM 
(SELECT ticket_id, MAX(id) as id FROM temp_tickets GROUP BY ticket_id) a  
INNER JOIN temp_tickets t ON (t.id = a.id)

As far as I remember there is an xml element for the image data. You can use this website to encode a file (use the upload field). Then just copy and paste the data to the XML element.

You could also use PHP to do this like so:

 <?php
        $im = file_get_contents('filename.gif');
        $imdata = base64_encode($im);      
?> 

Use Mozilla's guide for help on creating OpenSearch plugins. For example, the icon element is used like this:

<img width="16" height="16">data:image/x-icon;base64,imageData</>

Where imageData is your base64 data.

Try this one:

string strDate = DateTime.Now.ToString("MM/01/yyyy");

Try This:

<!DOCTYPE html>_x000D_
<html lang="en">_x000D_
_x000D_
<head>_x000D_
  <meta charset="utf-8">_x000D_
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">_x000D_
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">_x000D_
  <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>_x000D_
  <script type="text/javascript" src="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>_x000D_
  <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/moment.js/2.9.0/moment-with-locales.js"></script>_x000D_
  <script src="//cdn.rawgit.com/Eonasdan/bootstrap-datetimepicker/e8bddc60e73c1ec2475f827be36e1957af72e2ea/src/js/bootstrap-datetimepicker.js"></script>_x000D_
_x000D_
</head>_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
<body>_x000D_
_x000D_
  <div class="container">_x000D_
    <div class="row">_x000D_
      <div class='col-sm-6'>_x000D_
        <div class="form-group">_x000D_
          <div class='input-group date' id='datetimepicker1'>_x000D_
            <input type='text' class="form-control" />_x000D_
            <span class="input-group-addon">_x000D_
                        <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-calendar"></span>_x000D_
            </span>_x000D_
          </div>_x000D_
        </div>_x000D_
      </div>_x000D_
      <script type="text/javascript">_x000D_
        $(function() {_x000D_
          $('#datetimepicker1').datetimepicker();_x000D_
        });_x000D_
      </script>_x000D_
    </div>_x000D_
  </div>_x000D_
_x000D_
_x000D_
</body>_x000D_
_x000D_
</html>

You can use pd.Series.isin.

For "IN" use: something.isin(somewhere)

Or for "NOT IN": ~something.isin(somewhere)

As a worked example:

import pandas as pd

>>> df
  country
0        US
1        UK
2   Germany
3     China
>>> countries_to_keep
['UK', 'China']
>>> df.country.isin(countries_to_keep)
0    False
1     True
2    False
3     True
Name: country, dtype: bool
>>> df[df.country.isin(countries_to_keep)]
  country
1        UK
3     China
>>> df[~df.country.isin(countries_to_keep)]
  country
0        US
2   Germany

mAgendaListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
//view.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);

for(int i=0; i<parent.getChildCount(); i++)
{
     if(i == position)
     {
               parent.getChildAt(i).setBackgroundColor(Color.BLUE);
     }
     else
     {
               parent.getChildAt(i).setBackgroundColor(Color.BLACK);
     }

 }

If you just need to send the value of the testarea to server with line breaks use nl2br

Just put in fg and go back to your most recently suspended program.

Also you can do join:

var qwe = new List<int> {5, 2, 3, 8};
Console.WriteLine(string.Join("\t", qwe));

//xn=list of parent nodes......                
foreach (XmlNode xn in xnList)
{                                           
    foreach (XmlNode child in xn.ChildNodes) 
    {
        if (child.Name.Equals("name")) 
        {
            name = child.InnerText; 
        }
        if (child.Name.Equals("age"))
        {
            age = child.InnerText; 
        }
    }
}

Huffman Coding might help, but only if you have a lot of frequent characters in your small String

To get exact character count of string, use printf, as opposed to echo, cat, or running wc -c directly on a file, because using echo, cat, etc will count a newline character, which will give you the amount of characters including the newline character. So a file with the text 'hello' will print 6 if you use echo etc, but if you use printf it will return the exact 5, because theres no newline element to count.

How to use printf for counting characters within strings:

$printf '6chars' | wc -m
6

To turn this into a script you can run on a text file to count characters, save the following in a file called print-character-amount.sh:

#!/bin/bash
characters=$(cat "$1")
printf "$characters" | wc -m

chmod +x on file print-character-amount.sh containing above text, place the file in your PATH (i.e. /usr/bin/ or any directory exported as PATH in your .bashrc file) then to run script on text file type:

print-character-amount.sh file-to-count-characters-of.txt

Here is a simple way to enable them. In mysql we need to see often 3 logs which are mostly needed during any project development.

• The Error Log. It contains information about errors that occur while the server is running (also server start and stop)

• The General Query Log. This is a general record of what mysqld is doing (connect, disconnect, queries)

• The Slow Query Log. ?t consists of "slow" SQL statements (as indicated by its name).

By default no log files are enabled in MYSQL. All errors will be shown in the syslog (/var/log/syslog).

To Enable them just follow below steps:

step1: Go to this file (/etc/mysql/conf.d/mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf) and remove or comment those line.

step2: Go to mysql conf file (/etc/mysql/my.cnf) and add following lines

To enable error log add following

[mysqld_safe]
log_error=/var/log/mysql/mysql_error.log

[mysqld]
log_error=/var/log/mysql/mysql_error.log

To enable general query log add following

general_log_file        = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
general_log             = 1

To enable Slow Query Log add following

log_slow_queries       = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time = 2
log-queries-not-using-indexes

step3: save the file and restart mysql using following commands

service mysql restart

To enable logs at runtime, login to mysql client (mysql -u root -p) and give:

SET GLOBAL general_log = 'ON';
SET GLOBAL slow_query_log = 'ON';

Finally one thing I would like to mention here is I read this from a blog. Thanks. It works for me.

Click here to visit the blog

There is a section in the MySQL manual on how to reset the root password which will solve your problem.

1. bind() of INADDR_ANY does NOT "generate a random IP". It binds the socket to all available interfaces.

2. For a server, you typically want to bind to all interfaces - not just "localhost".

3. If you wish to bind your socket to localhost only, the syntax would be my_sockaddress.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");, then call bind(my_socket, (SOCKADDR *) &my_sockaddr, ...).

4. As it happens, INADDR_ANY is a constant that happens to equal "zero":

   http://www.castaglia.org/proftpd/doc/devel-guide/src/include/inet.h.html

   # define INADDR_ANY ((unsigned long int) 0x00000000)
   ...
   # define INADDR_NONE    0xffffffff
   ...
   # define INPORT_ANY 0
   ...
   

5. If you're not already familiar with it, I urge you to check out Beej's Guide to Sockets Programming:

   http://beej.us/guide/bgnet/

Since people are still reading this, an additional note:

man (7) ip:

When a process wants to receive new incoming packets or connections, it should bind a socket to a local interface address using bind(2).

In this case, only one IP socket may be bound to any given local (address, port) pair. When INADDR_ANY is specified in the bind call, the socket will be bound to all local interfaces.

When listen(2) is called on an unbound socket, the socket is automatically bound to a random free port with the local address set to INADDR_ANY.

When connect(2) is called on an unbound socket, the socket is automatically bound to a random free port or to a usable shared port with the local address set to INADDR_ANY...

There are several special addresses: INADDR_LOOPBACK (127.0.0.1) always refers to the local host via the loopback device; INADDR_ANY (0.0.0.0) means any address for binding...

Also:

bind() — Bind a name to a socket:

If the (sin_addr.s_addr) field is set to the constant INADDR_ANY, as defined in netinet/in.h, the caller is requesting that the socket be bound to all network interfaces on the host. Subsequently, UDP packets and TCP connections from all interfaces (which match the bound name) are routed to the application. This becomes important when a server offers a service to multiple networks. By leaving the address unspecified, the server can accept all UDP packets and TCP connection requests made for its port, regardless of the network interface on which the requests arrived.

A char is an integral type. When you write

char ch = 'A';

you're setting the value of ch to whatever number your compiler uses to represent the character 'A'. That's usually the ASCII code for 'A' these days, but that's not required. You're almost certainly using a system that uses ASCII.

Like any numeric type, you can initialize it with an ordinary number:

char ch = 13;

If you want do do arithmetic on a char value, just do it: ch = ch + 1; etc.

However, in order to display the value you have to get around the assumption in the iostreams library that you want to display char values as characters rather than numbers. There are a couple of ways to do that.

std::cout << +ch << '\n';
std::cout << int(ch) << '\n'

In case you need it as a Class, you can extend it with dict and use update method:

Class a(dict):
  # some stuff
  self.update(b)

use CHAR(10) for New Line in SQL
char(9) for Tab
and Char(13) for Carriage Return

You should add following to CardView:

android:foreground="?android:attr/selectableItemBackground"
android:clickable="true"

SSRS will not accept duplicated columns so ensure that your query or store procedure is returning unique column names.