Using Python 3 in virtualenv

Question

Using virtualenv  I run my projects with the default version of Python  2 7   On one project  I need to use Python 3 4    I used brew install python3 to install it on my Mac  Now  how do I create a virtualenv that uses the new version   e g  sudo virtualenv envPython3  If I try   virtualenv -p python3 test   I get   Running virtualenv with interpreter  usr local bin python3 Using base prefix   usr local Cellar python3 3 4 0 1 Frameworks Python framework Versions 3 4  New python executable in test bin python3 4 Also creating executable in test bin python Failed to import the site module Traceback  most recent call last     File   Users user Documents workspace test test bin    lib python3 4 site py   line 67  in  lt module gt      import os   File   Users user Documents workspace test test bin    lib python3 4 os py   line 634  in  lt module gt      from  collections abc import MutableMapping ImportError  No module named   collections abc  ERROR  The executable test bin python3 4 is not functioning ERROR  It thinks sys prefix is   Users user Documents workspace test   should be   Users user Documents workspace test test   ERROR  virtualenv is not compatible with this system or executable

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I had the same ERROR message  tbrisker s solution did not work in my case  Instead this solved the issue     python3 -m venv  env

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Install prerequisites   sudo apt-get install python3 python3-pip virtualenvwrapper   Create a Python3 based virtual environment  Optionally enable --system-site-packages flag   mkvirtualenv -p  usr bin python3  lt venv-name gt    Set into the virtual environment   workon  lt venv-name gt    Install other requirements using pip package manager   pip install -r requirements txt pip install  lt package name gt      When working on multiple python projects simultaneously it is usually recommended to install common packages like pdbpp globally and then reuse them in virtualenvs   Using this technique saves a lot of time spent on fetching packages and installing them  apart from consuming minimal disk space and network bandwidth   sudo -H pip3 -v install pdbpp mkvirtualenv -p   which python3  --system-site-packages  lt venv-name gt      Django specific instructions  If there are a lot of system wide python packages then it is recommended to not use --system-site-packages flag especially during development since I have noticed that it slows down Django startup a lot  I presume Django environment initialisation is manually scanning and appending all site packages from the system path which might be the reason  Even python manage py shell becomes very slow   Having said that experiment which option works better  Might be safe to just skip --system-site-packages flag for Django projects

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For those having troubles while working with Anaconda3  Python 3    You could use   conda create -n name of your virtualenv python python version    To activate the environment   Linux  MacOS   source activate name of your virtualenv   For Windows  activate name of your virtualenv

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Python 3 has a built-in support for virtual environments - venv  It might be better to use that instead  Referring to the docs      Creation of virtual environments is done by executing the pyvenv   script       pyvenv  path to new virtual environment   Update for Python 3 6 and newer   As pawciobiel correctly comments  pyvenv is deprecated as of Python 3 6 and the new way is   python3 -m venv  path to new virtual environment

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simply run  virtualenv -p python3 envname   Update after OP s edit   There was a bug in the OP s version of virtualenv  as described here  The problem was fixed by running   pip install --upgrade virtualenv

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virtualenv --python  usr local bin python3  lt VIRTUAL ENV NAME gt  this will add python3  path for your virtual enviroment

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It worked for me  virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p  usr bin python3    virtualenvs py3

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This is all you need  in order to run a virtual environment in python   python3  First if virtualenv not installed  run  pip3 install virtualenv    Now Run   virtualenv -p python3  lt env name gt     Sometime the cmd virtualenv fails  if so use this   python3 -m virtualenv  lt env name gt     you can specify full path instead  lt env name gt  to install the file in a different location other than the current location   Now activate the virtual env   source  lt env name gt  bin activate   Or   source  pwd   lt env name gt  bin activate   Now run  which python   You should see the full path to your dir and  lt env name gt  bin python suffix  To exit the virtualenv  run   deactivate

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Python now comes with its own implementation of virtual environment  by the name of  venv   I would suggest using that  instead of virtualenv   Quoting from venv - docs       Deprecated since version 3 6  pyvenv was the recommended tool for   creating virtual environments for Python 3 3 and 3 4  and is   deprecated in Python 3 6       Changed in version 3 5  The use of venv is now recommended for   creating virtual environments    For windows  to initiate venv on some project  open cmd   python -m venv  c  path to myenv     Would suggest using double quote around directory path if it contains any spaces  Ex   C  My Dox Spaced Directory Something    Once venv is set up  you will see some new folders inside your project directory  One of them would be  Scripts    To activate or invoke venv you need   C   gt   lt venv gt  Scripts activate bat   You can deactivate a virtual environment by typing    deactivate    in your shell  With this  you are now ready to install your project specific libraries  which will reside under the folder  Lib                                     Edit 1                                       The scenario which will be discussed below is not what originally asked  just adding this in case someone use vscode with  python extension  In case  you use vs code with its python extension  you might face an issue with its pylint which points to the global installation  In this case  pylint won t be able to see the modules that are installed in your virtual environment and hence will show errors while importing   Here is a simple method to get past this   cd Workspace Scripts   Activate ps1 code     We are basically activating the environment first and then invoking vs-code so that pylint starts within the environment and can see all local packages

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If you install python3  brew install python3  along with virtualenv burrito  you can then do  mkvirtualenv -p   which python3  env name  Of course  I know virtualenv burrito is just a wrapper  but it has served me well over the years  reducing some learning curves

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In addition to the other answers  I recommend checking what instance of virtualenv you are executing   which virtualenv   If this turns up something in  usr local bin  then it is possible - even likely - that you installed virtualenv  possibly using an instance of easy tools or pip  without using your system s package manager  brew in OP s case    This was my problem   Years ago - when I was even more ignorant - I had installed virtualenv and it was masking my system s package-provided virtualenv     After removing this old  broken virtualenv  my problems went away

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In python3 6 I tried  python3 -m venv myenv   as per the documentation  but it was taking so long  So the very simple and quick command is  python -m venv yourenv It worked for me on python3 6

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virtualenv --python  usr bin python3  lt name of env gt    worked for me

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I v tried pyenv and it s very handy for switching python versions  global  local in folder or in the virtualenv    brew install pyenv   then install Python version you want   pyenv install 3 5 0   and simply create virtualenv with path to needed interpreter version   virtualenv -p  Users johnny  pyenv versions 3 5 0 bin python3 5 myenv   That s it  check the version       myenv bin activate  amp  amp  python -V   There are also plugin for pyenv pyenv-virtualenv but it didn t work for me somehow

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For those of you who are using pipenv and want to install specific version   pipenv install --python 3 6

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You can specify specific Version of Python while creating environment  It s mentioned in virtualenv py    virtualenv --python python3 5 envname   In some cases this has to be the full path to the executable   virtualenv --python  Users username  pyenv versions 3 6 0 bin python3 6 envname   How -p works  parser add option       -p    --python       dest  python       metavar  PYTHON EXE       help  The Python interpreter to use  e g   --python python3 5 will use the python3 5        interpreter to create the new environment   The default is the interpreter that        virtualenv was installed with   s     sys executable

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The below simple commands can create a virtual env with version 3 5  apt-get install python3-venv  python3 5 -m venv  lt your env name gt    if you want virtual env version as 3 6  python3 6 -m venv  lt your env name gt

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I got the same error due to it being a conflict with miniconda3 install so when you type  which virtualenv  and if you ve installed miniconda and it s pointing to that install you can either remove it  if your like me and haven t moved to it yet  or change your environment variable to point to the install you want

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On Windows command line  the following worked for me  First find out where your python executables are located    where python   This will output the paths to the different python exe on your system  Here were mine   C  Users carandangc Anaconda3 python exe C  Python27 python exe   So for Python3  this was located in the first path for me  so I cd to the root folder of the application where I want to create a virtual environment folder  Then I run the following which includes the path to my Python3 executable  naming my virtual environment  venv    virtualenv --python  Users carandangc Anaconda3 python exe venv   Next  activate the virtual environment   call venv Scripts activate bat   Finally  install the dependencies for this virtual environment   pip install -r requirements txt   This requirements txt could be populated manually if you know the libraries modules needed for your application in the virtual environment  If you had the application running in another environment  then you can automatically produce the dependencies by running the following  cd to the application folder in the environment where it is working    pip freeze  gt  requirements txt   Then once you have the requirements txt that you have  frozen   then you can install the requirements on another machine or clean environment with the following  after cd to the application folder    pip install -r requirements txt   To see your python version in the virtual environment  run   python --version   Then voila   you have your Python3 running in your virtual environment  Output for me   Python 3 7 2

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On Mac I had to do the following to get it to work   mkvirtualenv --python  usr bin python3 YourEnvNameHere

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I tried all the above stuff  it still didn t work  So as a brute force  I just re-installed the anaconda  re-installed the virtualenv    and it worked   Amans-MacBook-Pro   amanmadan  pip install virtualenv You are using pip version 6 1 1  however version 8 1 2 is available  You should consider upgrading via the  pip install --upgrade pip  command  Collecting virtualenv   Downloading virtualenv-15 0 3-py2 py3-none-any whl  3 5MB      100                                                                     3 5MB 114kB s  Installing collected packages  virtualenv Successfully installed virtualenv-15 0 3 Amans-MacBook-Pro python amanmadan  virtualenv my env New python executable in  Users amanmadan Documents HadoopStuff python my env bin python Installing setuptools  pip  wheel   done  Amans-MacBook-Pro python amanmadan

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I wanted to keep python 2 7 5 as default version on Centos 7 but have python 3 6 1 in a virtual environment running alongside other virtual environments in python 2 x  I found the below link the best solution for the newest python version   python 3 6 1  https   www digitalocean com community tutorial series how-to-install-and-set-up-a-local-programming-environment-for-python-3  It shows the steps for different platforms but the basic steps are   Install python3 x  if not present  for your platform Install python3 x-devel for your platform Create virtual environment in python 3 x   for example   python3 6 -m venv virenv test p3    Activate the testenvironment for python 3 x   for example source virenv test p3 bin activate  Install the packages which you want to use in your new python 3 virtual environment and which are supported   for example pip install Django  1 11 2

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