From page 106 of the ggplot2 book by Hadley Wickham:
The default colour scheme, scale_colour_hue picks evenly spaced hues around the hcl colour wheel.
With a bit of reverse engineering you can construct this function:
ggplotColours <- function(n = 6, h = c(0, 360) + 15){
if ((diff(h) %% 360) < 1) h[2] <- h[2] - 360/n
hcl(h = (seq(h[1], h[2], length = n)), c = 100, l = 65)
}
Demonstrating this in barplot:
y <- 1:3
barplot(y, col = ggplotColours(n = 3))