This appears to fit what you are looking for: https://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?threadID=2140801
Basically, you will need to use regular expressions as there appears to be nothing built into oracle for this.
I pulled out the example from the thread and converted it for your purposes. I suck at regex's, though, so that might need tweaked :)
SELECT *
FROM myTable m
WHERE NOT regexp_like(m.status,'((Done^|Finished except^|In Progress^)')