Create a linked server to your document
http://www.excel-sql-server.com/excel-import-to-sql-server-using-linked-servers.htm
Then use ordinary INSERT or SELECT INTO. If you want to get fancy, you can use ADO.NET's SqlBulkCopy, which takes just about any data source that you can get a DataReader from and is pretty quick on insert, although the reading of the data won't be esp fast.
You could also take the time to transform an excel spreadsheet into a text delimited file or other bcp supported format and then use BCP.