I have a URL that looks like:
url.com/picture.php?id=51
How would I go about converting that URL to:
picture.php/Some-text-goes-here/51
I think WordPress does the same.
How do I go about making friendly URLs in PHP?
This question is related to
php
.htaccess
url
mod-rewrite
url-rewriting
PHP is not what you are looking for, check out mod_rewrite
If you only want to change the route for picture.php
then adding rewrite rule in .htaccess
will serve your needs, but, if you want the URL rewriting as in Wordpress then PHP is the way. Here is simple example to begin with.
Folder structure
There are two files that are needed in the root folder, .htaccess
and index.php
, and it would be good to place the rest of the .php
files in separate folder, like inc/
.
root/
inc/
.htaccess
index.php
.htaccess
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^inc/.*$ index.php
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php [QSA,L]
This file has four directives:
RewriteEngine
- enable the rewriting engineRewriteRule
- deny access to all files in inc/
folder, redirect any call to that folder to index.php
RewriteCond
- allow direct access to all other files ( like images, css or scripts )RewriteRule
- redirect anything else to index.php
index.php
Because everything is now redirected to index.php, there will be determined if the url is correct, all parameters are present, and if the type of parameters are correct.
To test the url we need to have a set of rules, and the best tool for that is a regular expression. By using regular expressions we will kill two flies with one blow. Url, to pass this test must have all the required parameters that are tested on allowed characters. Here are some examples of rules.
$rules = array(
'picture' => "/picture/(?'text'[^/]+)/(?'id'\d+)", // '/picture/some-text/51'
'album' => "/album/(?'album'[\w\-]+)", // '/album/album-slug'
'category' => "/category/(?'category'[\w\-]+)", // '/category/category-slug'
'page' => "/page/(?'page'about|contact)", // '/page/about', '/page/contact'
'post' => "/(?'post'[\w\-]+)", // '/post-slug'
'home' => "/" // '/'
);
Next is to prepare the request uri.
$uri = rtrim( dirname($_SERVER["SCRIPT_NAME"]), '/' );
$uri = '/' . trim( str_replace( $uri, '', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] ), '/' );
$uri = urldecode( $uri );
Now that we have the request uri, the final step is to test uri on regular expression rules.
foreach ( $rules as $action => $rule ) {
if ( preg_match( '~^'.$rule.'$~i', $uri, $params ) ) {
/* now you know the action and parameters so you can
* include appropriate template file ( or proceed in some other way )
*/
}
}
Successful match will, since we use named subpatterns in regex, fill the $params
array almost the same as PHP fills the $_GET
array. However, when using a dynamic url, $_GET
array is populated without any checks of the parameters.
/picture/some+text/51 Array ( [0] => /picture/some text/51 [text] => some text [1] => some text [id] => 51 [2] => 51 ) picture.php?text=some+text&id=51 Array ( [text] => some text [id] => 51 )
These few lines of code and a basic knowing of regular expressions is enough to start building a solid routing system.
Complete source
define( 'INCLUDE_DIR', dirname( __FILE__ ) . '/inc/' );
$rules = array(
'picture' => "/picture/(?'text'[^/]+)/(?'id'\d+)", // '/picture/some-text/51'
'album' => "/album/(?'album'[\w\-]+)", // '/album/album-slug'
'category' => "/category/(?'category'[\w\-]+)", // '/category/category-slug'
'page' => "/page/(?'page'about|contact)", // '/page/about', '/page/contact'
'post' => "/(?'post'[\w\-]+)", // '/post-slug'
'home' => "/" // '/'
);
$uri = rtrim( dirname($_SERVER["SCRIPT_NAME"]), '/' );
$uri = '/' . trim( str_replace( $uri, '', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] ), '/' );
$uri = urldecode( $uri );
foreach ( $rules as $action => $rule ) {
if ( preg_match( '~^'.$rule.'$~i', $uri, $params ) ) {
/* now you know the action and parameters so you can
* include appropriate template file ( or proceed in some other way )
*/
include( INCLUDE_DIR . $action . '.php' );
// exit to avoid the 404 message
exit();
}
}
// nothing is found so handle the 404 error
include( INCLUDE_DIR . '404.php' );
Although already answered, and author's intent is to create a front controller type app but I am posting literal rule for problem asked. if someone having the problem for same.
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^([^/]+)/([^/]+)/([\d]+)$ $1?id=$3 [L]
Above should work for url picture.php/Some-text-goes-here/51
. without using a index.php as a redirect app.
this is an .htaccess file that forward almost all to index.php
# if a directory or a file exists, use it directly
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-l
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !-l
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !\.(ico|css|png|jpg|gif|js)$ [NC]
# otherwise forward it to index.php
RewriteRule . index.php
then is up to you parse $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"] and route to picture.php or whatever
Source: Stackoverflow.com