Error The processing instruction target matching xX mM lL is not allowed

Question

This error      The processing instruction target matching   xX  mM  lL   is not allowed   occurs whenever I run an XSLT page that begins as follows    lt  xml version  1 0  encoding  windows-1256   gt    lt xsl stylesheet version  1 0  xmlns xsl  http   www w3 org 1999 XSL Transform  gt     lt xsl include href     header xsl   gt     lt xsl template match     gt       lt xsl call-template name  pstyle   gt       lt xsl call-template name  Validation   gt       lt xsl variable name  strLang  gt         lt xsl value-of select    lang   gt       lt  xsl variable gt       lt  --                Page Title               -- gt       lt title gt           lt xsl value-of select    ListStudentFinishedExam Title   gt       lt  title gt    Note  I removed any leading spaces before the first line  but the error still occurs

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Xerces-based tools will emit the following error  The processing instruction target matching   xX  mM  lL   is not allowed    when an XML declaration is encountered anywhere other than at the top of an XML file   This is a valid diagnostic message  other XML parsers should issue a similar error message in this situation   To correct the problem  check the following possibilities    Some blank space or other visible content exists before the  lt  xml   gt  declaration   Resolution  remove blank space or any other visible content before the XML declaration  Some invisible content exists before the  lt  xml   gt  declaration      Most commonly this is a Byte Order Mark  BOM    Resolution  Remove the BOM using techniques such as those suggested by the W3C page on the BOM in HTML  A stray  lt  xml   gt  declaration exists within the XML content   This    can happen when XML files are combined programmatically or via    cut-and-paste   There can only be one  lt  xml   gt  declaration in an    XML file  and it can only be at the top   Resolution  Search for  lt  xml in a case-insensitive manner  and remove all but the top XML declaration from the file

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Reason for me is 2 of following code in one xml    lt  xml version  1 0  encoding  utf-8   gt

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For PHP  put this line of code before you start printing your XML   while ob get level    ob end clean

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in my case was a wrong path in a config file  file was not found  path was wrong  and it came out with this exception      Error configuring from input stream  Initial cause was The processing   instruction target matching   xX  mM  lL   is not allowed

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I had a similar issue with 50 000 rdf xml files in 5 000 directories  the Project Gutenberg catalog file   I solved it with riot  in the jena distribution   the directory is cache epub NN nn rdf  where NN is a number   in the directory above the directory where all the files are  i e  in cache  riot epub     rdf --output turtle  gt  allTurtle ttl   This produces possibly many warnings but the result is in a format which can be loaded into jena  using the fuseki web interface    surprisingly simple  at least in this case

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There was auto generated Copyright message in XML and a blank line before  lt resources gt  tag  once I removed it my build was successful

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Another reason of the above error is corrupted jar file  I got the same error but for Junit when running unit tests  Removing jar and downloading it again fixed the issue

[java] Error: The processing instruction target matching "[xX][mM][lL]" is not allowed

To correct the problem, check the following possibilities:

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