[python] How to round to 2 decimals with Python?

I am getting a lot of decimals in the output of this code (Fahrenheit to Celsius converter).

My code currently looks like this:

def main():
    printC(formeln(typeHere()))

def typeHere():
    global Fahrenheit
    try:
        Fahrenheit = int(raw_input("Hi! Enter Fahrenheit value, and get it in Celsius!\n"))
    except ValueError:
        print "\nYour insertion was not a digit!"
        print "We've put your Fahrenheit value to 50!"
        Fahrenheit = 50
    return Fahrenheit

def formeln(c):
    Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32.00) * 5.00/9.00
    return Celsius

def printC(answer):
    answer = str(answer)
    print "\nYour Celsius value is " + answer + " C.\n"



main()

So my question is, how do I make the program round every answer to the 2nd decimal place?

You want to round your answer.

round(value,significantDigit) is the ordinary solution to do this, however this sometimes does not operate as one would expect from a math perspective when the digit immediately inferior (to the left of) the digit you're rounding to has a 5.

Here's some examples of this unpredictable behavior:

>>> round(1.0005,3)
1.0
>>> round(2.0005,3)
2.001
>>> round(3.0005,3)
3.001
>>> round(4.0005,3)
4.0
>>> round(1.005,2)
1.0
>>> round(5.005,2)
5.0
>>> round(6.005,2)
6.0
>>> round(7.005,2)
7.0
>>> round(3.005,2)
3.0
>>> round(8.005,2)
8.01

Assuming your intent is to do the traditional rounding for statistics in the sciences, this is a handy wrapper to get the round function working as expected needing to import extra stuff like Decimal.

>>> round(0.075,2)

0.07

>>> round(0.075+10**(-2*6),2)

0.08

Aha! So based on this we can make a function...

def roundTraditional(val,digits):
   return round(val+10**(-len(str(val))-1), digits)

Basically this adds a really small value to the string to force it to round up properly on the unpredictable instances where it doesn't ordinarily with the round function when you expect it to. A convenient value to add is 1e-X where X is the length of the number string you're trying to use round on plus 1.

The approach of using 10**(-len(val)-1) was deliberate, as it the largest small number you can add to force the shift, while also ensuring that the value you add never changes the rounding even if the decimal . is missing. I could use just 10**(-len(val)) with a condiditional if (val>1) to subtract 1 more... but it's simpler to just always subtract the 1 as that won't change much the applicable range of decimal numbers this workaround can properly handle. This approach will fail if your values reaches the limits of the type, this will fail, but for nearly the entire range of valid decimal values it should work.

So the finished code will be something like:

def main():
    printC(formeln(typeHere()))

def roundTraditional(val,digits):
    return round(val+10**(-len(str(val))-1))

def typeHere():
    global Fahrenheit
    try:
        Fahrenheit = int(raw_input("Hi! Enter Fahrenheit value, and get it in Celsius!\n"))
    except ValueError:
        print "\nYour insertion was not a digit!"
        print "We've put your Fahrenheit value to 50!"
        Fahrenheit = 50
    return Fahrenheit

def formeln(c):
    Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32.00) * 5.00/9.00
    return Celsius

def printC(answer):
    answer = str(roundTraditional(answer,2))
    print "\nYour Celsius value is " + answer + " C.\n"

main()

...should give you the results you expect.

You can also use the decimal library to accomplish this, but the wrapper I propose is simpler and may be preferred in some cases.

Edit: Thanks Blckknght for pointing out that the 5 fringe case occurs only for certain values here.

round(12.3956 - 0.005, 2)  # minus 0.005, then round.

The answer is from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/29651462/8025086

If you just want to print the rounded result out, you can use the f-strings introduced since Python 3.6. The syntax is the same as str.format()'s format string syntax, except you put a f in front of the literal string, and you put the variables directly in the string, within the curly braces.

.2f indicates rounding to two decimal places:

number = 3.1415926
print(f"The number rounded to two decimal places is {number:.2f}")

Output:

The number rounded to two decimal places is 3.14

If you need avoid floating point problem on rounding numbers for accounting, you can use numpy round.

You need install numpy :

pip install numpy

and the code :

import numpy as np

print(round(2.675, 2))
print(float(np.round(2.675, 2)))

prints

2.67
2.68

You should use that if you manage money with legal rounding.

As you want your answer in decimal number so you dont need to typecast your answer variable to str in printC() function.

and then use printf-style String Formatting

Not sure why, but '{:0.2f}'.format(0.5357706) gives me '0.54'. The only solution that works for me (python 3.6) is the following:

def ceil_floor(x):
    import math
    return math.ceil(x) if x < 0 else math.floor(x)

def round_n_digits(x, n):
    import math
    return ceil_floor(x * math.pow(10, n)) / math.pow(10, n)

round_n_digits(-0.5357706, 2) -> -0.53 
round_n_digits(0.5357706, 2) -> 0.53

float(str(round(answer, 2)))
float(str(round(0.0556781255, 2)))

Most answers suggested round or format. round sometimes rounds up, and in my case I needed the value of my variable to be rounded down and not just displayed as such.

round(2.357, 2)  # -> 2.36

I found the answer here: How do I round a floating point number up to a certain decimal place?

import math
v = 2.357
print(math.ceil(v*100)/100)  # -> 2.36
print(math.floor(v*100)/100)  # -> 2.35

or:

from math import floor, ceil

def roundDown(n, d=8):
    d = int('1' + ('0' * d))
    return floor(n * d) / d

def roundUp(n, d=8):
    d = int('1' + ('0' * d))
    return ceil(n * d) / d

You can use the string formatting operator of python "%". "%.2f" means 2 digits after the decimal point.

def typeHere():
    try:
        Fahrenheit = int(raw_input("Hi! Enter Fahrenheit value, and get it in Celsius!\n"))
    except ValueError:
        print "\nYour insertion was not a digit!"
        print "We've put your Fahrenheit value to 50!"
        Fahrenheit = 50
    return Fahrenheit

def formeln(Fahrenheit):
    Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32.0) * 5.0/9.0
    return Celsius

def printC(answer):
    print "\nYour Celsius value is %.2f C.\n" % answer

def main():
    printC(formeln(typeHere()))

main()

http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting

If you need not only round result but elso do math operations with round result, then you can use decimal.Decimal https://docs.python.org/2/library/decimal.html

from decimal import Decimal, ROUND_DOWN

Decimal('7.325').quantize(Decimal('.01'), rounding=ROUND_DOWN)
Decimal('7.32') 

Here is an example that I used:

def volume(self):
    return round(pi * self.radius ** 2 * self.height, 2)

def surface_area(self):
    return round((2 * pi * self.radius * self.height) + (2 * pi * self.radius ** 2), 2)

You can use round operator for up to 2 decimal

num = round(343.5544, 2)
print(num) // output is 343.55

Just use the formatting with %.2f which gives you rounding down to 2 decimals.

def printC(answer):
    print "\nYour Celsius value is %.2f C.\n" % answer

Using str.format()'s syntax to display answer with two decimal places (without altering the underlying value of answer):

def printC(answer):
    print("\nYour Celsius value is {:0.2f}ºC.\n".format(answer))

Where:

• : introduces the format spec
• 0 enables sign-aware zero-padding for numeric types
• .2 sets the precision to 2
• f displays the number as a fixed-point number

You can use the round function.

round(80.23456, 3)

will give you an answer of 80.234

In your case, use

answer = str(round(answer, 2))