[android] More than one file was found with OS independent path 'META-INF/LICENSE'

When I build my app, I get the following error:

Error: Execution failed for task ':app:transformResourcesWithMergeJavaResForDebug'. More than one file was found with OS independent path 'META-INF/LICENSE'

This is my build.gradle file:

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
android {
    compileSdkVersion 25
    buildToolsVersion "25.0.2"
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "cn.sz.cyrus.kotlintest"
        minSdkVersion 14
        targetSdkVersion 25
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"

        javaCompileOptions{
            annotationProcessorOptions{
                includeCompileClasspath = true
            }
        }
        multiDexEnabled true
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    packagingOptions {
 /*       exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'*/
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    })
    compile "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jre7:$kotlin_version"
    compile "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect:$kotlin_version"
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.3.1'
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    compile 'com.android.support:design:25.3.1'
    compile 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
    debugCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:1.5.1'
    releaseCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:1.5.1'
    testCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:1.5.1'
    compile 'com.github.GrenderG:Toasty:1.2.5'
    compile 'com.orhanobut:logger:1.15'

    compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1'
    compile 'com.umeng.analytics:analytics:latest.integration'
    compile 'ai.api:libai:1.4.8'
    compile 'ai.api:sdk:2.0.5@aar'
// api.ai SDK dependencies
    compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.0'
    compile 'commons-io:commons-io:2.4'
    compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1'
}

When I add this code to my build.gradle file,

  packagingOptions {
            exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
            exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
            exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
            exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
            exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
        }

This error would be solved, but another problem will happen. Like this:

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com.squareup.leakcanary.internal.HeapAnalyzerService
at com.squareup.leakcanary.LeakCanary.isInAnalyzerProcess(LeakCanary.java:145)
at cn.sz.cyrus.wemz.TestApplication.onCreate(TestApplication.kt:32)

Who has ideas how to solve this?

In my case it was enough to exclude only path 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES' on yourProject/app/build.gradle inside android{} . Here it is

packagingOptions {
    exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
}

And then do Clean Project and Rebuild Project.

If you have this problem and you have a gradle .jar dependency, like this:

implementation group: 'org.mortbay.jetty', name: 'jetty', version: '6.1.26'

Interval versions until one matches and resolves the excepetion,and apply the best answer of this thread.`

I had a similar problem. i was getting the error message -

Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformResourcesWithMergeJavaResForDebug'.

More than one file was found with OS independent path 'javax/annotation/WillCloseWhenClosed.java'

As stated in some of the answers above, using the below code works

'packagingOptions {
       exclude 'allclasses-frame.html'
    }'

But i was getting this error for 20 different files, so after excluding 20 files, i stopped and tried to find a decent solution. I had also encountered the

'Unable to execute dex: Multiple dex files' error.

I finally managed to solve this.

Firstly (as in my case WillCloseWhenClosed.java was the duplicate file), in android studio you have an option of 'search everywhere'. Write and search for the file there. There i found multiple instances of this file. So i clicked on both instances and saw their location by right clicking on the file and seeing its location when they opened in android studio.

Secondly, I figured out that i had some dependencies in gradle file. I was using the below code

dependencies {
    compile 'com.google.api-client:google-api-client:1.23.0'
}

and also i had their same zip packages in the location :\Users\user\AndroidStudioProjects\git\appname\app\libs\google-http-client-1.23!.

So this was redundant and thats why gradle is finding 2 files. So i deleted my zip packages and it solved the errors for me. Be carefull while doing this. You have to figure out which is the correct file or package to be deleted.

Thirdly, gradle also makes a zip of these bug files in this location (At least for me it made) - C:\Program Files\Android\Android Studio\gradle\m2repository\com\google\code\findbugs\jsr305\1.3.9\jsr305-1.3.9.jar!

so i went and deleted the jsr305-1.3.9.jar file from here also.

If you are still confused, just go the 'search everywhere' in android studio, find instances of your file there and you would have to delete one of them. Take your time and figure out which one.

I was having the same problem and I tried this

Error: More than one file was found with OS independent path 'META-INF/proguard/androidx-annotations.pro'

Solution: All you have to do to fix this is to add this to the android { } section in your app's 'build.gradle'

packagingOptions {
    exclude 'META-INF/proguard/androidx-annotations.pro'
}

I has encountered the same error, and I found that it resulted from different modules contained the same classes from different packages.

e.g. One used androidx package, and the other used pre-androidx

I solved it by migrating the pre-androidx module to androidx using built-in feature of Android Studio: "Refactor --> Migrate to Androidx..." without excluding anything.

For your situation, you may check if you have any dependency mismatches among modules.

In many of the answers on SO on this problem it has been suggested to add exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES' and some other excludes. However none of these worked for me. In my case scenario was like this:

I had added this in dependancies:

implementation 'androidx.annotation:annotation:1.1.0'

And also I had added this in gradle.properties:

android.useAndroidX=true

Both of these I had added, because I was getting build error 'cannot find symbol class Nullable' and it was suggested as solution to this on some of answers like here

However, eventually I landed up in getting error:

 More than one file was found with OS independent path 'androidsupportmultidexversion.txt'

No exclude was working for me. Finally I just removed those added lines above just out of suspecion (Solved 'cannot find symbol class Nullable' in some alternative way) and finally I got rid of this "More than one file was found with OS..." build error. I wasted hours of mine. But finally got rid of it.

For me, I was using someone's project and I was having issue compiling the lib.

The solution to add packagingOptions didn't helped because it would prevent compiling latest .so file of armeabi-v7a and will copy the .so file from jniLibs to the built APK file

I deleted the jniLibs folder from \app\src\main and it solved the problem

for me, it was .md rather than .txt

packagingOptions {
    exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.md'
    exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.md'
}

This happens when using

org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.2.0

And is fixed in next version

org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.2.1

Add the following in app level gradle file inside android{}

packagingOptions {
    exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
    exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
    exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/license.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
    exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/notice.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/ASL2.0'
    exclude("META-INF/*.kotlin_module") 
} 

     

In my case this exception was caused by jupiter

implementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.6.2'

This error is caused by adding a support library instead of AndroidX. Make sure you use which one:

for AndroidX:

dependencies {
    def multidex_version = "2.0.1"
    implementation 'androidx.multidex:multidex:$multidex_version'
}

If you aren't using AndroidX:

dependencies {
  implementation 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.3'
}

Also in manifest use the application class name instead of "android.support.multidex.MultiDexApplication" in the application tag(my application class name is G):

the mistake:

<application
            android:name="android.support.multidex.MultiDexApplication" >
        ...
</application>

right:

<application
            android:name=".G" >
        ...
</application>

I have faced a similar issue working in a multiple modules app environment:

Error: Execution failed for task ':app:transformResourcesWithMergeJavaResForDebug'. More than one file was found with OS independent path 'META-INF/AL2.0'

This issue was being reported by several of these modules of mine and none of the above solutions were fixing it. Turns out, I was using version Coroutines 1.3.6 which seemed to be embedding META-INF/AL2.0 which was already embedded by another of the libraries I was using. To fix it, I have added the following code snippet to the build.gradle of the module that was failing:

configurations.all {
    resolutionStrategy {
        exclude group: "org.jetbrains.kotlinx", module: "kotlinx-coroutines-debug"

    }
}

Given that it was happening on multiple modules, I have moved that resolutionStrategy code to my project level build.gradle. Everything worked after that.

Adding

android.useAndroidX=true

android.enableJetifier=true

to gradle.properties worked for me.

You can add this in yourProject/app/build.gradle inside android{}

android {      
      packagingOptions {
        exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/license.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/notice.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/ASL2.0'
        exclude("META-INF/*.kotlin_module") 
      }          
}

Had similar message

Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformResourcesWithMergeJavaResForDebug'. More than one file was found with OS independent path 'constant-values.html'

To resolve it, I had to enable packages view(1) in Android Studio, then browse through the tree to libraries, and locate the duplicates(2)

Then, ctrl+alt+f12 (or RMB menu)(3) - and found libraries which caused the issue. Made list of files inside those libs which caused the issues, and wrote them to app's build.gradle file inside android section. Other option is to deal with the library, containing duplicate files

packagingOptions {
    exclude 'allclasses-frame.html'
    exclude 'allclasses-noframe.html'
    <..>

The solutions here didn't help me, but this link did.

If you have a library that's adding some android .so files –like libassmidi.so or libgnustl_shared.so– you have to tell gradle to pick just one when packaging, otherwise you'll get the conflict.

android {
  packagingOptions {
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi-v7a/libassmidi.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/x86/libassmidi.so'
  }
}

I was having this issue when using a React Native app as a library in an Android project. Hope it helps

Try to remove multidex from default config and check the build error log. If that log is some relatable with INotification class. Use this in android{}

configurations {
    all*.exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4'
}

This helps me.

I faced this issue, first with some native libraries (.so files) and then with java/kotlin files. Turned out I was including a library from source as well as referencing artifactory through a transitive dependency. Check your dependency tree to see if there are any redundant entries. Use ./gradlew :app:dependencies to get the dependency tree. Replace "app" with your module name if the main module name is different.

Basically when gradle puts together the apk file, it copies content from all the compile dependencies, It is intelligent enough to see that there is a duplicate file..coming from two different jar files. This could be any file like a.txt or META-INF/DEPENDENCIES. It might be best to exclude these files using the below, in case the file is present there only for informational purposes.

android{
    packagingOptions {
       exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
    }
}

Or if in case, the file is a mandatory file like a class file, that has been duplicated across two jar dependencies that are related to each other, it is best to find alternatives to these jars, in the way of a more compatible version.

I my app, I was adding the jar dependencies like this:

implementation files('libs/json-simple-1.1.1.jar')

But I realised that they were already added because of the following first line in dependencies:

implementation fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')

This line adds all the jars in lib folder to app dependency.

Hence after removing the extra dependency implementation files('libs/json-simple-1.1.1.jar')

it is working fine.

I was wired, but my project was already migrated to AndroidX, but after migrating to androidX again, it refactored some part of my project and the problem solved.

Try change minimum Android version >= 21 in your build.gradle android{}

I had same error and i solved this error using this

Solution and Code

Add this package options in the app’s build.gradle

    packagingOptions {
        exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
        exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/license.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
        exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/notice.txt'
        exclude 'META-INF/ASL2.0'
    }
   
}

I have read all the answers related to getting this message in Android Studio:

More than one file was found with OS independent path 'META-INF/LICENSE'

but in this case excluding classes is no neccessary, we only need to exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES', this can be done inside the /app/build.gradle:

android{
    ...
    ...
    packagingOptions {
        exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
    }

}

I updated Studio from Java 7 to Java 8, and this problem occurred. Then I solved it this way:

android {
    defaultConfig {
    }
    buildTypes {
    }
    packagingOptions{
        exclude 'META-INF/rxjava.properties'
    }
}

I'm having same problem and I tried this

Error: More than one file was found with OS independent path 'META-INF/library_release.kotlin_module'

Solution:

android {
    packagingOptions {
    exclude 'META-INF/library_release.kotlin_module'
    }
}

For me below solution worked you may get help too, I wrote below line in app's gradle file

  packagingOptions {
        exclude 'META-INF/proguard/androidx-annotations.pro'
    }

app build.gradle

android {
    packagingOptions {
        exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
        exclude 'META-INF/INDEX.LIST'
    }
}

Add the below code in app.gradle this will solve all the library dependency errors

   packagingOptions {
    exclude 'META-INF/DEPENDENCIES'
    exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE'
    exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/license.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE'
    exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/notice.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/ASL2.0'
    exclude("META-INF/*.kotlin_module")
    exclude 'META-INF/library_release.kotlin_module'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi-v7a/libavdevice.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi/libavdevice.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi/libswresample.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi-v7a/libswresample.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi/libswscale.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi/libavcodec.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi-v7a/libavutil.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi/libavutil.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi-v7a/libavformat.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi/libavfilter.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi/libavformat.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi-v7a/libavcodec.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi-v7a/libswscale.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi/libpostproc.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi-v7a/libpostproc.so'
    pickFirst 'lib/armeabi-v7a/libavfilter.so'
}