SyntaxFix.com - Programming Questions & Answers Hub For Beginners

There are some optimizations you can use when filling a DataTable, such as calling BeginLoadData(), inserting the data, then calling EndLoadData(). This turns off some internal behavior within the DataTable, such as index maintenance, etc. See this article for further details.

We can achieve it in multiple ways.

Using Kernel#exec, nothing after this command is executed:

exec('ls ~')

Using backticks or %x

`ls ~`
=> "Applications\nDesktop\nDocuments"
%x(ls ~)
=> "Applications\nDesktop\nDocuments"

Using Kernel#system command, returns true if successful, false if unsuccessful and returns nil if command execution fails:

system('ls ~')
=> true

Yes, this is possible. One of the main pros for using Swing is the ease with which the abstract controls can be created and manipulates.

Here is a quick and dirty way to extend the existing JButton class to draw a circle to the right of the text.

package test;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Graphics;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class MyButton extends JButton {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Color circleColor = Color.BLACK;

    public MyButton(String label) {
        super(label);
    }

    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);

        Dimension originalSize = super.getPreferredSize();
        int gap = (int) (originalSize.height * 0.2);
        int x = originalSize.width + gap;
        int y = gap;
        int diameter = originalSize.height - (gap * 2);

        g.setColor(circleColor);
        g.fillOval(x, y, diameter, diameter);
    }

    @Override
    public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
        Dimension size = super.getPreferredSize();
        size.width += size.height;
        return size;
    }

    /*Test the button*/
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyButton button = new MyButton("Hello, World!");

        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setSize(400, 400);

        Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        contentPane.add(button);

        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

}

Note that by overriding paintComponent that the contents of the button can be changed, but that the border is painted by the paintBorder method. The getPreferredSize method also needs to be managed in order to dynamically support changes to the content. Care needs to be taken when measuring font metrics and image dimensions.

For creating a control that you can rely on, the above code is not the correct approach. Dimensions and colours are dynamic in Swing and are dependent on the look and feel being used. Even the default Metal look has changed across JRE versions. It would be better to implement AbstractButton and conform to the guidelines set out by the Swing API. A good starting point is to look at the javax.swing.LookAndFeel and javax.swing.UIManager classes.

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/javax/swing/LookAndFeel.html

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/javax/swing/UIManager.html

Understanding the anatomy of LookAndFeel is useful for writing controls: Creating a Custom Look and Feel

SELECT CONVERT(NVARCHAR(32),HashBytes('MD5', 'Hello World'),2)

There is this nice video from Uncle Bob where he briefly explains MVC & MVP at the end.

IMO, MVP is an improved version of MVC where you basically separate the concern of what you're gonna show (the data) from how you're gonna show (the view). The presenter includes kinda the business logic of your UI, implicitly imposes what data should be presented and gives you a list of dumb view models. And when the time comes to show the data, you simply plug your view (probably includes the same id's) into your adapter and set the relevant view fields using those view models with a minimum amount of code being introduced (just using setters). Its main benefit is you can test your UI business logic against many/various views like showing items in a horizontal list or vertical list.

In MVC, we talk through interfaces (boundaries) to glue different layers. A controller is a plug-in to our architecture but it has no such a restriction to impose what to show. In that sense, MVP is kind of an MVC with a concept of views being pluggable to the controller over adapters.

I hope this helps better.

If you're repo is available via https, you can use this command to branch ...

svn copy https://host.example.com/repos/project/trunk \
       https://host.example.com/repos/project/branches/branch-name \
  -m "Creating a branch of project"

Whenever you don't have access to documentation (SVNBook), type (Linux):

svn help status | grep \'\?\'
svn help status | grep \'\!\'
svn help status | grep \'\YOUR_SYMBOL_HERE\'

or insert the following function in your ~/.bashrc file, like so:

svncode() {
  symbol=$1
  [ $symbol ] &&  svn help status | grep \'$(echo $symbol)\' || \
  echo "usage: svncode <symbol>"
}

I am using the WLST tool that comes with weblogic, and it doesn't implement the platform package.

wls:/offline> import os
wls:/offline> print os.name
java 
wls:/offline> import sys
wls:/offline> print sys.platform
'java1.5.0_11'

Apart from patching the system javaos.py (issue with os.system() on windows 2003 with jdk1.5) (which I can't do, I have to use weblogic out of the box), this is what I use:

def iswindows():
  os = java.lang.System.getProperty( "os.name" )
  return "win" in os.lower()

Modern C++ Design by Andrei Alexandrescu

If you are like me, who has no formal computer science education, and is interested in building/want to know how a compiler works:

I am recommend "Programming Language Processors in Java: Compilers and Interpreters", an amazing book for a self-taught computer programmer.

From my point of view, understanding those basic language theory, automate machine, and set theory is not a big problem. The problem is how to turn those things into code. The above book tells you how to write a parser, analysis context, and generate code. If you can not understand this book, then I have to say, give up building a compiler. The book is best programming book I have ever read.

There is an other book, also good, Compiler Design in C. There is a lot of code, and it tells you everything about how to build a compiler and lexer tools.

Building a compiler is a fun programming practice and can teach you heaps of programming skills.

Do not buy the Dragon book. It was a waste of money and time and is not for a practitioner.

The Stack Overflow podcast is the reason I'm now here. Jeff, unfortunately, is a poor project manager in terms of managing expectations and setting timelines -- yet the beta has arrived, and it's pretty decent! The .NET world is alien to me, so I've enjoyed the Stack Overflow podcast.

This Week in Tech is another podcast I listen to regularly. Unfortunately, I feel that none of the panelists other than Leo Laporte does any homework prior to the show, so many of the opinions (especially John C. Dvorak's) are uninformed.

I recently started listening to IT Conversations podcasts, and I got enough good information that I donated. The selection is mixed, but I really like talks from various conferences that I was unable to attend.

Thanks to other people who responded with links to other podcasts I haven't heard of. I'm a newbie, so I can't bump up scores yet.

Another good method to get an integer representation from binary is to use eval()

Like so:

def getInt(binNum = 0):
    return eval(eval('0b' + str(n)))

I guess this is a way to do it too. I hope this is a satisfactory answer :D

You can relocate it by editing the DocumentRoot setting in XAMPP\apache\conf\httpd.conf.

It should currently be:

C:/xampp/htdocs

Change it to:

C:/projects/transitCalculator/trunk

The other answers rely on old information. This one provides a better solution.

Long ago it was impossible to reliably get the list of processes locking a file because Windows simply did not track that information. To support the Restart Manager API, that information is now tracked. The Restart Manager API is available beginning with Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 (Restart Manager: Run-time Requirements).

I put together code that takes the path of a file and returns a List<Process> of all processes that are locking that file.

static public class FileUtil
{
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    struct RM_UNIQUE_PROCESS
    {
        public int dwProcessId;
        public System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME ProcessStartTime;
    }

    const int RmRebootReasonNone = 0;
    const int CCH_RM_MAX_APP_NAME = 255;
    const int CCH_RM_MAX_SVC_NAME = 63;

    enum RM_APP_TYPE
    {
        RmUnknownApp = 0,
        RmMainWindow = 1,
        RmOtherWindow = 2,
        RmService = 3,
        RmExplorer = 4,
        RmConsole = 5,
        RmCritical = 1000
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    struct RM_PROCESS_INFO
    {
        public RM_UNIQUE_PROCESS Process;

        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = CCH_RM_MAX_APP_NAME + 1)]
        public string strAppName;

        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = CCH_RM_MAX_SVC_NAME + 1)]
        public string strServiceShortName;

        public RM_APP_TYPE ApplicationType;
        public uint AppStatus;
        public uint TSSessionId;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        public bool bRestartable;
    }

    [DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    static extern int RmRegisterResources(uint pSessionHandle,
                                          UInt32 nFiles,
                                          string[] rgsFilenames,
                                          UInt32 nApplications,
                                          [In] RM_UNIQUE_PROCESS[] rgApplications,
                                          UInt32 nServices,
                                          string[] rgsServiceNames);

    [DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    static extern int RmStartSession(out uint pSessionHandle, int dwSessionFlags, string strSessionKey);

    [DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll")]
    static extern int RmEndSession(uint pSessionHandle);

    [DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll")]
    static extern int RmGetList(uint dwSessionHandle,
                                out uint pnProcInfoNeeded,
                                ref uint pnProcInfo,
                                [In, Out] RM_PROCESS_INFO[] rgAffectedApps,
                                ref uint lpdwRebootReasons);

    /// <summary>
    /// Find out what process(es) have a lock on the specified file.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="path">Path of the file.</param>
    /// <returns>Processes locking the file</returns>
    /// <remarks>See also:
    /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa373661(v=vs.85).aspx
    /// http://wyupdate.googlecode.com/svn-history/r401/trunk/frmFilesInUse.cs (no copyright in code at time of viewing)
    /// 
    /// </remarks>
    static public List<Process> WhoIsLocking(string path)
    {
        uint handle;
        string key = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
        List<Process> processes = new List<Process>();

        int res = RmStartSession(out handle, 0, key);

        if (res != 0)
            throw new Exception("Could not begin restart session.  Unable to determine file locker.");

        try
        {
            const int ERROR_MORE_DATA = 234;
            uint pnProcInfoNeeded = 0,
                 pnProcInfo = 0,
                 lpdwRebootReasons = RmRebootReasonNone;

            string[] resources = new string[] { path }; // Just checking on one resource.

            res = RmRegisterResources(handle, (uint)resources.Length, resources, 0, null, 0, null);

            if (res != 0) 
                throw new Exception("Could not register resource.");                                    

            //Note: there's a race condition here -- the first call to RmGetList() returns
            //      the total number of process. However, when we call RmGetList() again to get
            //      the actual processes this number may have increased.
            res = RmGetList(handle, out pnProcInfoNeeded, ref pnProcInfo, null, ref lpdwRebootReasons);

            if (res == ERROR_MORE_DATA)
            {
                // Create an array to store the process results
                RM_PROCESS_INFO[] processInfo = new RM_PROCESS_INFO[pnProcInfoNeeded];
                pnProcInfo = pnProcInfoNeeded;

                // Get the list
                res = RmGetList(handle, out pnProcInfoNeeded, ref pnProcInfo, processInfo, ref lpdwRebootReasons);

                if (res == 0)
                {
                    processes = new List<Process>((int)pnProcInfo);

                    // Enumerate all of the results and add them to the 
                    // list to be returned
                    for (int i = 0; i < pnProcInfo; i++)
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            processes.Add(Process.GetProcessById(processInfo[i].Process.dwProcessId));
                        }
                        // catch the error -- in case the process is no longer running
                        catch (ArgumentException) { }
                    }
                }
                else
                    throw new Exception("Could not list processes locking resource.");                    
            }
            else if (res != 0)
                throw new Exception("Could not list processes locking resource. Failed to get size of result.");                    
        }
        finally
        {
            RmEndSession(handle);
        }

        return processes;
    }
}

UPDATE

Here is another discussion with sample code on how to use the Restart Manager API.

A point to consider is also the purpose of the system and the data in the day to day.

For example, for a system with GPS monitoring of cars is not relevant query data from the positions of the car in previous months.

Therefore the data can be passed to other historical tables for possible consultation and reduce the execution times of the day to day queries.

Just think of Database Index as Index of a book.

If you have a book about dogs and you want to find an information about let's say, German Shepherds, you could of course flip through all the pages of the book and find what you are looking for - but this of course is time consuming and not very fast.

Another option is that, you could just go to the Index section of the book and then find what you are looking for by using the Name of the entity you are looking ( in this instance, German Shepherds) and also looking at the page number to quickly find what you are looking for.

In Database, the page number is referred to as a pointer which directs the database to the address on the disk where entity is located. Using the same German Shepherd analogy, we could have something like this (“German Shepherd”, 0x77129) where 0x77129 is the address on the disk where the row data for German Shepherd is stored.

In short, an index is a data structure that stores the values for a specific column in a table so as to speed up query search.

What Jason Pratt posted is correct.

>>> class Test(object):
...   def a(self):
...     pass
... 
>>> def b(self):
...   pass
... 
>>> Test.b = b
>>> type(b)
<type 'function'>
>>> type(Test.a)
<type 'instancemethod'>
>>> type(Test.b)
<type 'instancemethod'>

As you can see, Python doesn't consider b() any different than a(). In Python all methods are just variables that happen to be functions.

I find it highly unlikely for Postgres to truncate your data on input - it either rejects it or stores it as is.

milen@dev:~$ psql
Welcome to psql 8.2.7, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.

Type:  \copyright for distribution terms
       \h for help with SQL commands
       \? for help with psql commands
       \g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
       \q to quit

milen=> create table EscapeTest (text varchar(50));
CREATE TABLE
milen=> insert into EscapeTest (text) values ('This will be inserted \n This will not be');
WARNING:  nonstandard use of escape in a string literal
LINE 1: insert into EscapeTest (text) values ('This will be inserted...
                                              ^
HINT:  Use the escape string syntax for escapes, e.g., E'\r\n'.
INSERT 0 1
milen=> select * from EscapeTest;
          text
------------------------
 This will be inserted
  This will not be
(1 row)

milen=>

Depending on the issue I like a combination of error_reporting(E_ALL) mixed with echo tests (to find the offending line/file the error happened in initally; you KNOW it's not always the line/file php tells you right?), IDE brace matching (to resolve "Parse error: syntax error, unexpected $end" issues), and print_r(); exit; dumps (real programmers view the source ;p).

You also can't beat phpdebug (check sourceforge) with "memory_get_usage();" and "memory_get_peak_usage();" to find the problem areas.

Actually both methods are valid but it depends upon your requirement. Passing values by reference often makes your script slow. So it's better to pass variables by value considering time of execution. Also the code flow is more consistent when you pass variables by value.

First, concurrent version control seems like an easy problem to solve. It's not at all. Anyway...

SVN is quite non-intuitive. Git is even worse. [sarcastic-speculation] This might be because developers, that like hard problems like concurrent version control, don't have much interest in making a good UI. [/sarcastic-speculation]

SVN supporters think they don't need a distributed version-control system. I thought that too. But now that we use Git exclusively, I'm a believer. Now version control works for me AND the team/project instead of just working for the project. When I need a branch, I branch. Sometimes it's a branch that has a corresponding branch on the server, and sometimes it does not. Not to mention all the other advantages that I'll have to go study up on (thanks in part to the arcane and absurd lack of UI that is a modern version control system).

The example on the Python docs is quite straightforward:

groups = []
uniquekeys = []
for k, g in groupby(data, keyfunc):
    groups.append(list(g))      # Store group iterator as a list
    uniquekeys.append(k)

So in your case, data is a list of nodes, keyfunc is where the logic of your criteria function goes and then groupby() groups the data.

You must be careful to sort the data by the criteria before you call groupby or it won't work. groupby method actually just iterates through a list and whenever the key changes it creates a new group.

public AbstractType New
{
    get
    {
        return (AbstractType) Activator.CreateInstance(GetType());
    }
}

int is predefined in library function c# but in java we can create object of Integer

Definitive Article

Sending credentials

The only practical way to send credentials 100% securely is by using SSL. Using JavaScript to hash the password is not safe. Common pitfalls for client-side password hashing:

• If the connection between the client and server is unencrypted, everything you do is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. An attacker could replace the incoming javascript to break the hashing or send all credentials to their server, they could listen to client responses and impersonate the users perfectly, etc. etc. SSL with trusted Certificate Authorities is designed to prevent MitM attacks.
• The hashed password received by the server is less secure if you don't do additional, redundant work on the server.

There's another secure method called SRP, but it's patented (although it is freely licensed) and there are few good implementations available.

Storing passwords

Don't ever store passwords as plaintext in the database. Not even if you don't care about the security of your own site. Assume that some of your users will reuse the password of their online bank account. So, store the hashed password, and throw away the original. And make sure the password doesn't show up in access logs or application logs. OWASP recommends the use of Argon2 as your first choice for new applications. If this is not available, PBKDF2 or scrypt should be used instead. And finally if none of the above are available, use bcrypt.

Hashes by themselves are also insecure. For instance, identical passwords mean identical hashes--this makes hash lookup tables an effective way of cracking lots of passwords at once. Instead, store the salted hash. A salt is a string appended to the password prior to hashing - use a different (random) salt per user. The salt is a public value, so you can store them with the hash in the database. See here for more on this.

This means that you can't send the user their forgotten passwords (because you only have the hash). Don't reset the user's password unless you have authenticated the user (users must prove that they are able to read emails sent to the stored (and validated) email address.)

Security questions

Security questions are insecure - avoid using them. Why? Anything a security question does, a password does better. Read PART III: Using Secret Questions in @Jens Roland answer here in this wiki.

Session cookies

After the user logs in, the server sends the user a session cookie. The server can retrieve the username or id from the cookie, but nobody else can generate such a cookie (TODO explain mechanisms).

Cookies can be hijacked: they are only as secure as the rest of the client's machine and other communications. They can be read from disk, sniffed in network traffic, lifted by a cross-site scripting attack, phished from a poisoned DNS so the client sends their cookies to the wrong servers. Don't send persistent cookies. Cookies should expire at the end of the client session (browser close or leaving your domain).

If you want to autologin your users, you can set a persistent cookie, but it should be distinct from a full-session cookie. You can set an additional flag that the user has auto-logged in, and needs to log in for real for sensitive operations. This is popular with shopping sites that want to provide you with a seamless, personalized shopping experience but still protect your financial details. For example, when you return to visit Amazon, they show you a page that looks like you're logged in, but when you go to place an order (or change your shipping address, credit card etc.), they ask you to confirm your password.

Financial websites such as banks and credit cards, on the other hand, only have sensitive data and should not allow auto-login or a low-security mode.

List of external resources

• Dos and Don'ts of Client Authentication on the Web (PDF)
  21 page academic article with many great tips.
• Ask YC: Best Practices for User Authentication
  Forum discussion on the subject
• You're Probably Storing Passwords Incorrectly
  Introductory article about storing passwords
• Discussion: Coding Horror: You're Probably Storing Passwords Incorrectly
  Forum discussion about a Coding Horror article.
• Never store passwords in a database!
  Another warning about storing passwords in the database.
• Password cracking
  Wikipedia article on weaknesses of several password hashing schemes.
• Enough With The Rainbow Tables: What You Need To Know About Secure Password Schemes
  Discussion about rainbow tables and how to defend against them, and against other threads. Includes extensive discussion.

Delivering email can be like black magic sometimes. The reverse DNS is really important.

I have found it to be very helpful to carefully track NDRs. I direct all of my NDRs to a single address and I have a windows service parsing them out (Google ListNanny). I put as much information from the NDR as I can into a database, and then I run reports on it to see if I have suddenly started getting blocked by a certain domain. Also, you should avoid sending emails to addresses that were previously marked as NDR, because that's generally a good indication of spam.

If you need to send out a bunch of customer service emails at once, it's best to put a delay in between each one, because if you send too many nearly identical emails to one domain at a time, you are sure to wind up on their blacklist.

Some domains are just impossible to deliver to sometimes. Comcast.net is the worst.

Make sure your IPs aren't listed on sites like http://www.mxtoolbox.com/blacklists.aspx.

import java.util.*;

public class all_subsets {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String a = "abcd";
        for(String s: all_perm(a)) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }
    }

    public static Set<String> concat(String c, Set<String> lst) {
        HashSet<String> ret_set = new HashSet<String>();
        for(String s: lst) {
            ret_set.add(c+s);
        }
        return ret_set;
    }

    public static HashSet<String> all_perm(String a) {
        HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
        if(a.length() == 1) {
            set.add(a);
        } else {
            for(int i=0; i<a.length(); i++) {
                set.addAll(concat(a.charAt(i)+"", all_perm(a.substring(0, i)+a.substring(i+1, a.length()))));
            }
        }
        return set;
    }
}

Use LINQ:

Dictionary<string, int> myDict = new Dictionary<string, int>();
myDict.Add("one", 1);
myDict.Add("four", 4);
myDict.Add("two", 2);
myDict.Add("three", 3);

var sortedDict = from entry in myDict orderby entry.Value ascending select entry;

This would also allow for great flexibility in that you can select the top 10, 20 10%, etc. Or if you are using your word frequency index for type-ahead, you could also include StartsWith clause as well.

My Apache had something like this in httpd.conf. Just change the ErrorLog and CustomLog settings

<VirtualHost myvhost:80>
    ServerAdmin [email protected]
    DocumentRoot /opt/web
    ServerName myvhost
    ErrorLog logs/myvhost-error_log
    CustomLog logs/myvhost-access_log common
</VirtualHost>

In my experience the solution is twofold:

1. You need to handle changes to the development database that are done by multiple developers during development.

2. You need to handle database upgrades in customers sites.

In order to handle #1 you'll need a strong database diff/merge tool. The best tool should be able to perform automatic merge as much as possible while allowing you to resolve unhandled conflicts manually.

The perfect tool should handle merge operations by using a 3-way merge algorithm that brings into account the changes that were made in the THEIRS database and the MINE database, relative to the BASE database.

I wrote a commercial tool that provides manual merge support for SQLite databases and I'm currently adding support for 3-way merge algorithm for SQLite. Check it out at http://www.sqlitecompare.com

In order to handle #2 you will need an upgrade framework in place.

The basic idea is to develop an automatic upgrade framework that knows how to upgrade from an existing SQL schema to the newer SQL schema and can build an upgrade path for every existing DB installation.

Check out my article on the subject in http://www.codeproject.com/KB/database/sqlite_upgrade.aspx to get a general idea of what I'm talking about.

Good Luck

Liron Levi

December 2020 :

• We have now Firefox 83.0 and Chrome 87.0
• Internet Explorer is dead, it has been replaced by the new Chromium-based Edge 87.0
• Silverlight is dead
• Windows XP is dead
• WMV is not a standard : https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_media.asp

To answer the question :

• You have to convert your WMV file to another format : MP4, WebM or Ogg video.
• Then embed it in your page with the HTML 5 <video> element.

I think this question should be closed.

When a button is clicked with a mouse (and hopefully by touch), it records the X,Y coordinates. This is not the case when it is invoked by a form, these values are normally zero.

So you can do something like this.

function(e) {
  const isArtificial = e.screenX === 0 && e.screenY === 0
    && e.x === 0 && e.y === 0 
    && e.clientX === 0 && e.clientY === 0;

    if (isArtificial) {
      return; // DO NOTHING
    } else {
      // OPTIONAL: Don't submit the form when clicked 
      // e.preventDefault();
      // e.stopPropagation();
    }

    // ...Natural code goes here
}

They are functionally equivalent with positive numbers. The difference is in how they handle negative numbers.

For example:

Math.Floor(2.5) = 2
Math.Truncate(2.5) = 2

Math.Floor(-2.5) = -3
Math.Truncate(-2.5) = -2

MSDN links: - Math.Floor Method - Math.Truncate Method

P.S. Beware of Math.Round it may not be what you expect.

To get the "standard" rounding result use:

float myFloat = 4.5;
Console.WriteLine( Math.Round(myFloat) ); // writes 4
Console.WriteLine( Math.Round(myFloat, 0, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero) ) //writes 5
Console.WriteLine( myFloat.ToString("F0") ); // writes 5

Easy, just use the JavaScript getTimezoneOffset function like so:

-new Date().getTimezoneOffset()/60;

If you want to have an output like "2 days, 4 hours and 12 minutes ago", you need a timespan:

TimeSpan timeDiff = DateTime.Now-CreatedDate;

Then you can access the values you like:

timeDiff.Days
timeDiff.Hours

etc...

I often count on my fingers. I need to look at a calendar to work out when things change. So that's what I'd do in my code:

int AgeNow(DateTime birthday)
{
    return AgeAt(DateTime.Now, birthday);
}

int AgeAt(DateTime now, DateTime birthday)
{
    return AgeAt(now, birthday, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.Calendar);
}

int AgeAt(DateTime now, DateTime birthday, Calendar calendar)
{
    // My age has increased on the morning of my
    // birthday even though I was born in the evening.
    now = now.Date;
    birthday = birthday.Date;

    var age = 0;
    if (now <= birthday) return age; // I am zero now if I am to be born tomorrow.

    while (calendar.AddYears(birthday, age + 1) <= now)
    {
        age++;
    }
    return age;
}

Running this through in LINQPad gives this:

PASSED: someone born on 28 February 1964 is age 4 on 28 February 1968
PASSED: someone born on 29 February 1964 is age 3 on 28 February 1968
PASSED: someone born on 31 December 2016 is age 0 on 01 January 2017

Code in LINQPad is here.

It is better to avoid using mod_rewrite when you can.

In your case I would replace the Rewrite with this:

    <If "%{HTTPS} == 'on'" >
            Redirect permanent / http://production_server/
    </If>

The <If> directive is only available in Apache 2.4+ as per this blog here.

You can open the file, go to 0 offset relative from the bottom of the file with

#define SEEKBOTTOM   2

fseek(handle, 0, SEEKBOTTOM)  

the value returned from fseek is the size of the file.

I didn't code in C for a long time, but I think it should work.

I'd like to add another vote for the StringFormat object. You can use this simply to specify "center, center" and the text will be drawn centrally in the rectangle or points provided:

StringFormat format = new StringFormat();
format.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;
format.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;

However there is one issue with this in CF. If you use Center for both values then it turns TextWrapping off. No idea why this happens, it appears to be a bug with the CF.

To open and read a text file line per line, you could use the following:

// define your file name
string file_name = "data.txt";

// attach an input stream to the wanted file
ifstream input_stream(file_name);

// check stream status
if (!input_stream) cerr << "Can't open input file!";

// file contents  
vector<string> text;

// one line
string line;

// extract all the text from the input file
while (getline(input_stream, line)) {

    // store each line in the vector
    text.push_back(line);
}

To open and read a binary file you need to explicitly declare the reading format in your input stream to be binary, and read memory that has no explicit interpretation using stream member function read():

// define your file name
string file_name = "binary_data.bin";

// attach an input stream to the wanted file
ifstream input_stream(file_name, ios::binary);

// check stream status
if (!input_stream) cerr << "Can't open input file!";

// use function that explicitly specifies the amount of block memory read 
int memory_size = 10;

// allocate 10 bytes of memory on heap
char* dynamic_buffer = new char[memory_size];

// read 10 bytes and store in dynamic_buffer
file_name.read(dynamic_buffer, memory_size);

When doing this you'll need to #include the header : <iostream>

If you need to manipulate it on the client side, you can't use the Visible property on the server side. Instead, set its CSS display style to "none". For example:

<asp:Label runat="server" id="Label1" style="display: none;" />

Then, you could make it visible on the client side with:

document.getElementById('Label1').style.display = 'inherit';

You could make it hidden again with:

document.getElementById('Label1').style.display = 'none';

Keep in mind that there may be issues with the ClientID being more complex than "Label1" in practice. You'll need to use the ClientID with getElementById, not the server side ID, if they differ.

Do you even need MSDTC? The escalation you're experiencing is often caused by creating multiple connections within a single TransactionScope.

If you do need it then you need to enable it as outlined in the error message. On XP:

• Go to Administrative Tools -> Component Services
• Expand Component Services -> Computers ->
• Right-click -> Properties -> MSDTC tab
• Hit the Security Configuration button

^{Note: I believe this to be a solid, portable, ready-made solution, which is invariably lengthy for that very reason.}

Below is a fully POSIX-compliant script / function that is therefore cross-platform (works on macOS too, whose readlink still doesn't support -f as of 10.12 (Sierra)) - it uses only POSIX shell language features and only POSIX-compliant utility calls.

It is a portable implementation of GNU's readlink -e (the stricter version of readlink -f).

You can run the script with sh or source the function in bash, ksh, and zsh:

For instance, inside a script you can use it as follows to get the running's script true directory of origin, with symlinks resolved:

trueScriptDir=$(dirname -- "$(rreadlink "$0")")

rreadlink script / function definition:

^{The code was adapted with gratitude from this answer.
I've also created a bash-based stand-alone utility version here, which you can install with
npm install rreadlink -g, if you have Node.js installed.}

#!/bin/sh

# SYNOPSIS
#   rreadlink <fileOrDirPath>
# DESCRIPTION
#   Resolves <fileOrDirPath> to its ultimate target, if it is a symlink, and
#   prints its canonical path. If it is not a symlink, its own canonical path
#   is printed.
#   A broken symlink causes an error that reports the non-existent target.
# LIMITATIONS
#   - Won't work with filenames with embedded newlines or filenames containing 
#     the string ' -> '.
# COMPATIBILITY
#   This is a fully POSIX-compliant implementation of what GNU readlink's
#    -e option does.
# EXAMPLE
#   In a shell script, use the following to get that script's true directory of origin:
#     trueScriptDir=$(dirname -- "$(rreadlink "$0")")
rreadlink() ( # Execute the function in a *subshell* to localize variables and the effect of `cd`.

  target=$1 fname= targetDir= CDPATH=

  # Try to make the execution environment as predictable as possible:
  # All commands below are invoked via `command`, so we must make sure that
  # `command` itself is not redefined as an alias or shell function.
  # (Note that command is too inconsistent across shells, so we don't use it.)
  # `command` is a *builtin* in bash, dash, ksh, zsh, and some platforms do not 
  # even have an external utility version of it (e.g, Ubuntu).
  # `command` bypasses aliases and shell functions and also finds builtins 
  # in bash, dash, and ksh. In zsh, option POSIX_BUILTINS must be turned on for
  # that to happen.
  { \unalias command; \unset -f command; } >/dev/null 2>&1
  [ -n "$ZSH_VERSION" ] && options[POSIX_BUILTINS]=on # make zsh find *builtins* with `command` too.

  while :; do # Resolve potential symlinks until the ultimate target is found.
      [ -L "$target" ] || [ -e "$target" ] || { command printf '%s\n' "ERROR: '$target' does not exist." >&2; return 1; }
      command cd "$(command dirname -- "$target")" # Change to target dir; necessary for correct resolution of target path.
      fname=$(command basename -- "$target") # Extract filename.
      [ "$fname" = '/' ] && fname='' # !! curiously, `basename /` returns '/'
      if [ -L "$fname" ]; then
        # Extract [next] target path, which may be defined
        # *relative* to the symlink's own directory.
        # Note: We parse `ls -l` output to find the symlink target
        #       which is the only POSIX-compliant, albeit somewhat fragile, way.
        target=$(command ls -l "$fname")
        target=${target#* -> }
        continue # Resolve [next] symlink target.
      fi
      break # Ultimate target reached.
  done
  targetDir=$(command pwd -P) # Get canonical dir. path
  # Output the ultimate target's canonical path.
  # Note that we manually resolve paths ending in /. and /.. to make sure we have a normalized path.
  if [ "$fname" = '.' ]; then
    command printf '%s\n' "${targetDir%/}"
  elif  [ "$fname" = '..' ]; then
    # Caveat: something like /var/.. will resolve to /private (assuming /var@ -> /private/var), i.e. the '..' is applied
    # AFTER canonicalization.
    command printf '%s\n' "$(command dirname -- "${targetDir}")"
  else
    command printf '%s\n' "${targetDir%/}/$fname"
  fi
)

rreadlink "$@"

A tangent on security:

jarno, in reference to the function ensuring that builtin command is not shadowed by an alias or shell function of the same name, asks in a comment:

What if unalias or unset and [ are set as aliases or shell functions?

The motivation behind rreadlink ensuring that command has its original meaning is to use it to bypass (benign) convenience aliases and functions often used to shadow standard commands in interactive shells, such as redefining ls to include favorite options.

I think it's safe to say that unless you're dealing with an untrusted, malicious environment, worrying about unalias or unset - or, for that matter, while, do, ... - being redefined is not a concern.

There is something that the function must rely on to have its original meaning and behavior - there is no way around that.
That POSIX-like shells allow redefinition of builtins and even language keywords is inherently a security risk (and writing paranoid code is hard in general).

To address your concerns specifically:

The function relies on unalias and unset having their original meaning. Having them redefined as shell functions in a manner that alters their behavior would be a problem; redefinition as an alias is not necessarily a concern, because quoting (part of) the command name (e.g., \unalias) bypasses aliases.

However, quoting is not an option for shell keywords (while, for, if, do, ...) and while shell keywords do take precedence over shell functions, in bash and zsh aliases have the highest precedence, so to guard against shell-keyword redefinitions you must run unalias with their names (although in non-interactive bash shells (such as scripts) aliases are not expanded by default - only if shopt -s expand_aliases is explicitly called first).

To ensure that unalias - as a builtin - has its original meaning, you must use \unset on it first, which requires that unset have its original meaning:

unset is a shell builtin, so to ensure that it is invoked as such, you'd have to make sure that it itself is not redefined as a function. While you can bypass an alias form with quoting, you cannot bypass a shell-function form - catch 22.

Thus, unless you can rely on unset to have its original meaning, from what I can tell, there is no guaranteed way to defend against all malicious redefinitions.

I know this is late to the game, and the question has been answered very well already, but I want to offer my opinion on #3 regarding the prefixing of column names.

All columns should be named with a prefix that is unique to the table they are defined in.

E.g. Given tables "customer" and "address", let's go with prefixes of "cust" and "addr", respectively. "customer" would have "cust_id", "cust_name", etc. in it. "address" would have "addr_id", "addr_cust_id" (FK back to customer), "addr_street", etc. in it.

When I was first presented with this standard, I was dead-set against it; I hated the idea. I couldn't stand the idea of all that extra typing and redundancy. Now I've had enough experience with it that I'd never go back.

The result of doing this is that all of the columns in your database schema are unique. There is one major benefit to this, which trumps all arguments against it (in my opinion, of course):

You can search your entire code base and reliably find every line of code that touches a particular column.

The benefit from #1 is incredibly huge. I can deprecate a column and know exactly what files need to be updated before the column can safely be removed from the schema. I can change the meaning of a column and know exactly what code needs to be refactored. Or I can simply tell if data from a column is even being used in a particular portion of the system. I can't count the number of times this has turned a potentially huge project into a simple one, nor the amount of hours we've saved in development work.

Another, relatively minor benefit to it is that you only have to use table-aliases when you do a self join:

SELECT cust_id, cust_name, addr_street, addr_city, addr_state
    FROM customer
        INNER JOIN address ON addr_cust_id = cust_id
    WHERE cust_name LIKE 'J%';

Can be done with a simple Perl one liner.

my @in=qw(1 3 4  6 2 4  3 2 6  3 2 3 4 4 3 2 5 5 32 3); #Sample data 
my @out=keys %{{ map{$_=>1}@in}}; # Perform PFM
print join ' ', sort{$a<=>$b} @out;# Print data back out sorted and in order.

The PFM block does this:

Data in @in is fed into MAP. MAP builds an anonymous hash. Keys are extracted from the hash and feed into @out

In terms of the type of shift you get, the important thing is the type of the value that you're shifting. A classic source of bugs is when you shift a literal to, say, mask off bits. For example, if you wanted to drop the left-most bit of an unsigned integer, then you might try this as your mask:

~0 >> 1

Unfortunately, this will get you into trouble because the mask will have all of its bits set because the value being shifted (~0) is signed, thus an arithmetic shift is performed. Instead, you'd want to force a logical shift by explicitly declaring the value as unsigned, i.e. by doing something like this:

~0U >> 1;

Thanks for the excellent advice. We ended up using a custom HTTP header to pass an identity token from the client to the service, in preparation for integrating our RESTful API with the the upcoming Zermatt Identity framework from Microsoft. I have described the problem here and our solution here. I also took tweakt's advice and bought RESTful Web Services - a very good book if you're building a RESTful API of any kind.

Take a look at LoadBooster(https://www.loadbooster.com). It utilizes headless scriptable browser PhantomJS/CasperJs to test web sites. Phantomjs will parse and render every page, execute the client-side script. The headless browser approach is easier to write test scenarios to support complex AJAX heavy Web 2.0 app,browser navigation, mouse click and keystrokes into the browser or wait until an element exists in DOM. LoadBooster support selenium HTML script too.

Disclaimer: I work for LoadBooster.

Here is an extension to the Prototype widget that Jeremy posted on June 4th:

It stops the user from entering more characters if you're using limits in textareas. It checks if there are characters left. If the user copies text into the textarea, the text is cut off at the max. length:

/**
 * Prototype Widget: Textarea
 * Automatically resizes a textarea and displays the number of remaining chars
 * 
 * From: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7477/autosizing-textarea
 * Inspired by: http://github.com/jaz303/jquery-grab-bag/blob/63d7e445b09698272b2923cb081878fd145b5e3d/javascripts/jquery.autogrow-textarea.js
 */
if (window.Widget == undefined) window.Widget = {}; 

Widget.Textarea = Class.create({
  initialize: function(textarea, options){
    this.textarea = $(textarea);
    this.options = $H({
      'min_height' : 30,
      'max_length' : 400
    }).update(options);

    this.textarea.observe('keyup', this.refresh.bind(this));

    this._shadow = new Element('div').setStyle({
      lineHeight : this.textarea.getStyle('lineHeight'),
      fontSize : this.textarea.getStyle('fontSize'),
      fontFamily : this.textarea.getStyle('fontFamily'),
      position : 'absolute',
      top: '-10000px',
      left: '-10000px',
      width: this.textarea.getWidth() + 'px'
    });
    this.textarea.insert({ after: this._shadow });

    this._remainingCharacters = new Element('p').addClassName('remainingCharacters');
    this.textarea.insert({after: this._remainingCharacters});  
    this.refresh();  
  },

  refresh: function(){ 
    this._shadow.update($F(this.textarea).replace(/\n/g, '<br/>'));
    this.textarea.setStyle({
      height: Math.max(parseInt(this._shadow.getHeight()) + parseInt(this.textarea.getStyle('lineHeight').replace('px', '')), this.options.get('min_height')) + 'px'
    });

    // Keep the text/character count inside the limits:
    if($F(this.textarea).length > this.options.get('max_length')){
      text = $F(this.textarea).substring(0, this.options.get('max_length'));
        this.textarea.value = text;
        return false;
    }

    var remaining = this.options.get('max_length') - $F(this.textarea).length;
    this._remainingCharacters.update(Math.abs(remaining)  + ' characters remaining'));
  }
});

I really had high hopes for dompdf (it is a cool idea) but the positioning issue are a major factor in my using fpdf. Though it is tedious as every element has to be set; it is powerful as all get out.

I lay an image underneath my workspace in the document to put my layout on top of to fit. Its always been sufficient even for columns (requires a tiny bit of php string calculation, but nothing too terribly heady).

Good luck.

Turing Complete means that it is at least as powerful as a Turing Machine. This means anything that can be computed by a Turing Machine can be computed by a Turing Complete system.

No one has yet found a system more powerful than a Turing Machine. So, for the time being, saying a system is Turing Complete is the same as saying the system is as powerful as any known computing system (see Church-Turing Thesis).

@JaredPar (a developer on the C# compiler and prolific SO user!) wrote a great blog post on this issue. I think it is worth sharing here. It is a nice perspective on our subject.

string vs. String is not a style debate

[...]

The keyword string has concrete meaning in C#. It is the type System.String which exists in the core runtime assembly. The runtime intrinsically understands this type and provides the capabilities developers expect for strings in .NET. Its presence is so critical to C# that if that type doesn’t exist the compiler will exit before attempting to even parse a line of code. Hence string has a precise, unambiguous meaning in C# code.

The identifier String though has no concrete meaning in C#. It is an identifier that goes through all the name lookup rules as Widget, Student, etc … It could bind to string or it could bind to a type in another assembly entirely whose purposes may be entirely different than string. Worse it could be defined in a way such that code like String s = "hello"; continued to compile.

class TricksterString { 
  void Example() {
    String s = "Hello World"; // Okay but probably not what you expect.
  }
}

class String {
  public static implicit operator String(string s) => null;
}

The actual meaning of String will always depend on name resolution. That means it depends on all the source files in the project and all the types defined in all the referenced assemblies. In short it requires quite a bit of context to know what it means.

True that in the vast majority of cases String and string will bind to the same type. But using String still means developers are leaving their program up to interpretation in places where there is only one correct answer. When String does bind to the wrong type it can leave developers debugging for hours, filing bugs on the compiler team, and generally wasting time that could’ve been saved by using string.

Another way to visualize the difference is with this sample:

string s1 = 42; // Errors 100% of the time  
String s2 = 42; // Might error, might not, depends on the code

Many will argue that while this is information technically accurate using String is still fine because it’s exceedingly rare that a codebase would define a type of this name. Or that when String is defined it’s a sign of a bad codebase.

[...]

You’ll see that String is defined for a number of completely valid purposes: reflection helpers, serialization libraries, lexers, protocols, etc … For any of these libraries String vs. string has real consequences depending on where the code is used.

So remember when you see the String vs. string debate this is about semantics, not style. Choosing string gives crisp meaning to your codebase. Choosing String isn’t wrong but it’s leaving the door open for surprises in the future.

Note: I copy/pasted most of the blog posts for archive reasons. I ignore some parts, so I recommend skipping and reading the blog post if you can.

I found the xmessage command, which is sort of good enough.

I've just put together what you may be looking for: http://www.graphdracula.net

It's JavaScript with directed graph layouting, SVG and you can even drag the nodes around. Still needs some tweaking, but is totally usable. You create nodes and edges easily with JavaScript code like this:

var g = new Graph();
g.addEdge("strawberry", "cherry");
g.addEdge("cherry", "apple");
g.addEdge("id34", "cherry");

I used the previously mentioned Raphael JS library (the graffle example) plus some code for a force based graph layout algorithm I found on the net (everything open source, MIT license). If you have any remarks or need a certain feature, I may implement it, just ask!

You may want to have a look at other projects, too! Below are two meta-comparisons:

• SocialCompare has an extensive list of libraries, and the "Node / edge graph" line will filter for graph visualization ones.

• DataVisualization.ch has evaluated many libraries, including node/graph ones. Unfortunately there's no direct link so you'll have to filter for "graph":

Here's a list of similar projects (some have been already mentioned here):

Pure JavaScript Libraries

• vis.js supports many types of network/edge graphs, plus timelines and 2D/3D charts. Auto-layout, auto-clustering, springy physics engine, mobile-friendly, keyboard navigation, hierarchical layout, animation etc. MIT licensed and developed by a Dutch firm specializing in research on self-organizing networks.

• Cytoscape.js - interactive graph analysis and visualization with mobile support, following jQuery conventions. Funded via NIH grants and developed by by @maxkfranz (see his answer below) with help from several universities and other organizations.

• The JavaScript InfoVis Toolkit - Jit, an interactive, multi-purpose graph drawing and layout framework. See for example the Hyperbolic Tree. Built by Twitter dataviz architect Nicolas Garcia Belmonte and bought by Sencha in 2010.

• D3.js Powerful multi-purpose JS visualization library, the successor of Protovis. See the force-directed graph example, and other graph examples in the gallery.

• Plotly's JS visualization library uses D3.js with JS, Python, R, and MATLAB bindings. See a nexworkx example in IPython here, human interaction example here, and JS Embed API.

• sigma.js Lightweight but powerful library for drawing graphs

• jsPlumb jQuery plug-in for creating interactive connected graphs

• Springy - a force-directed graph layout algorithm

• Processing.js Javascript port of the Processing library by John Resig

• JS Graph It - drag'n'drop boxes connected by straight lines. Minimal auto-layout of the lines.

• RaphaelJS's Graffle - interactive graph example of a generic multi-purpose vector drawing library. RaphaelJS can't layout nodes automatically; you'll need another library for that.

• JointJS Core - David Durman's MPL-licensed open source diagramming library. It can be used to create either static diagrams or fully interactive diagramming tools and application builders. Works in browsers supporting SVG. Layout algorithms not-included in the core package

• mxGraph Previously commercial HTML 5 diagramming library, now available under Apache v2.0. mxGraph is the base library used in draw.io.

Commercial libraries

• GoJS Interactive graph drawing and layout library

• yFiles for HTML Commercial graph drawing and layout library

• KeyLines Commercial JS network visualization toolkit

• ZoomCharts Commercial multi-purpose visualization library

• Syncfusion JavaScript Diagram Commercial diagram library for drawing and visualization.

Abandoned libraries

• Cytoscape Web Embeddable JS Network viewer (no new features planned; succeeded by Cytoscape.js)

• Canviz JS renderer for Graphviz graphs. Abandoned in Sep 2013.

• arbor.js Sophisticated graphing with nice physics and eye-candy. Abandoned in May 2012. Several semi-maintained forks exist.

• jssvggraph "The simplest possible force directed graph layout algorithm implemented as a Javascript library that uses SVG objects". Abandoned in 2012.

• jsdot Client side graph drawing application. Abandoned in 2011.

• Protovis Graphical Toolkit for Visualization (JavaScript). Replaced by d3.

• Moo Wheel Interactive JS representation for connections and relations (2008)

• JSViz 2007-era graph visualization script

• dagre Graph layout for JavaScript

Non-Javascript Libraries

• Graphviz Sophisticated graph visualization language

  • Graphviz has been compiled to Javascript using Emscripten here with an online interactive demo here

• Flare Beautiful and powerful Flash based graph drawing

• NodeBox Python Graph Visualization

I don't belive there's a way to do it within one query, but you can play tricks like this with a temporary variable:

declare @s varchar(max)
set @s = ''
select @s = @s + City + ',' from Locations

select @s

It's definitely less code than walking over a cursor, and probably more efficient.

public static String loadTextFile(File f) {
    try {
        BufferedReader r = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f));
        StringWriter w = new StringWriter();

        try {
            String line = reader.readLine();
            while (null != line) {
                w.append(line).append("\n");
                line = r.readLine();
            }

            return w.toString();
        } finally {
            r.close();
            w.close();
        }
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();

        return "";
    }
}

All have given a very good explanation. I am still posting my answer just to give an example if that can help.

// break statement
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    if (i == 3) {
        break; // It will force to come out from the loop
    }

    lblDisplay.Text = lblDisplay.Text + i + "[Printed] ";
}

Here is the output:

0[Printed] 1[Printed] 2[Printed]

So 3[Printed] & 4[Printed] will not be displayed as there is break when i == 3

//continue statement
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    if (i == 3) {
        continue; // It will take the control to start point of loop
    }

    lblDisplay.Text = lblDisplay.Text + i + "[Printed] ";
}

Here is the output:

0[Printed] 1[Printed] 2[Printed] 4[Printed]

So 3[Printed] will not be displayed as there is continue when i == 3

you can use log4net.Filter.LevelMatchFilter. other options can be found at log4net tutorial - filters

in ur appender section add

<filter type="log4net.Filter.LevelMatchFilter">
    <levelToMatch value="Info" />
    <acceptOnMatch value="true" />
</filter>

the accept on match default is true so u can leave it out but if u set it to false u can filter out log4net filters

Please try the below this is the easiest way and it works perfectly

var newSkill_Text = document.getElementById("newSkill")[document.getElementById("newSkill").selectedIndex];

Obviously @Lasse solution is right, but there's another way to solve your problem: T-SQL operator LIKE defines the optional ESCAPE clause, that lets you declare a character which will escape the next character into the pattern.

For your case, the following WHERE clauses are equivalent:

WHERE username LIKE '%[_]d';            -- @Lasse solution
WHERE username LIKE '%$_d' ESCAPE '$';
WHERE username LIKE '%^_d' ESCAPE '^';

I find that Patrick Steele answered this question best on his blog: Avoiding IsNothing()

I did not copy any of his answer here, to ensure Patrick Steele get's credit for his post. But I do think if you're trying to decide whether to use Is Nothing or IsNothing you should read his post. I think you'll agree that Is Nothing is the best choice.

Edit - VoteCoffe's comment here

Partial article contents: After reviewing more code I found out another reason you should avoid this: It accepts value types! Obviously, since IsNothing() is a function that accepts an 'object', you can pass anything you want to it. If it's a value type, .NET will box it up into an object and pass it to IsNothing -- which will always return false on a boxed value! The VB.NET compiler will check the "Is Nothing" style syntax and won't compile if you attempt to do an "Is Nothing" on a value type. But the IsNothing() function compiles without complaints. -PSteele – VoteCoffee

For someone who needs quick reference of C# Escape Sequences that can be used in string literals:

\t     Horizontal tab (ASCII code value: 9)

\n     Line feed (ASCII code value: 10)

\r     Carriage return (ASCII code value: 13)

\'     Single quotation mark

\"     Double quotation mark

\\     Backslash

\?     Literal question mark

\x12     ASCII character in hexadecimal notation (e.g. for 0x12)

\x1234     Unicode character in hexadecimal notation (e.g. for 0x1234)

It's worth mentioning that these (in most cases) are universal codes. So \t is 9 and \n is 10 char value on Windows and Linux. But newline sequence is not universal. On Windows it's \n\r and on Linux it's just \n. That's why it's best to use Environment.Newline which gets adjusted to current OS settings. With .Net Core it gets really important.

Exit [construct], and intelisense will tell you which one(s) are valid in a particular place.

This is a global solution, not dependent on particular package or bin.

In my case, I removed Packages folder from my root directory.

Maybe it happens because of your packages are there but compiler is not finding it's reference. so remove older packages first and add new packages.

Steps to Add new packages

• First remove, packages folder (it will be near by or one step up to your current project folder).
• Then restart the project or solution.
• Now, Rebuild solution file.
• Project will get new references from nuGet package manager. And your issue will be resolved.

This is not proper solution, but I posted it here because I face same issue.

In my case, I wasn't even able to open my solution in visual studio and didn't get any help with other SO answers.

Don't forget that unlike Windows, all Unix based system need to have the source before destination unlike Windows

On Windows its:

mov $source , %destination

but on the Mac its the other way around.

In most cases, yes.

Depending on the state your repository was in when you ran the command, the effects of git reset --hard can range from trivial to undo, to basically impossible.

Below I have listed a range of different possible scenarios, and how you might recover from them.

All my changes were committed, but now the commits are gone!

This situation usually occurs when you run git reset with an argument, as in git reset --hard HEAD~. Don't worry, this is easy to recover from!

If you just ran git reset and haven't done anything else since, you can get back to where you were with this one-liner:

git reset --hard @{1}

This resets your current branch whatever state it was in before the last time it was modified (in your case, the most recent modification to the branch would be the hard reset you are trying to undo).

If, however, you have made other modifications to your branch since the reset, the one-liner above won't work. Instead, you should run git reflog <branchname> to see a list of all recent changes made to your branch (including resets). That list will look something like this:

7c169bd master@{0}: reset: moving to HEAD~
3ae5027 master@{1}: commit: Changed file2
7c169bd master@{2}: commit: Some change
5eb37ca master@{3}: commit (initial): Initial commit

Find the operation in this list that you want to "undo". In the example above, it would be the first line, the one that says "reset: moving to HEAD~". Then copy the representation of the commit before (below) that operation. In our case, that would be master@{1} (or 3ae5027, they both represent the same commit), and run git reset --hard <commit> to reset your current branch back to that commit.

I staged my changes with git add, but never committed. Now my changes are gone!

This is a bit trickier to recover from. git does have copies of the files you added, but since these copies were never tied to any particular commit you can't restore the changes all at once. Instead, you have to locate the individual files in git's database and restore them manually. You can do this using git fsck.

For details on this, see Undo git reset --hard with uncommitted files in the staging area.

I had changes to files in my working directory that I never staged with git add, and never committed. Now my changes are gone!

Uh oh. I hate to tell you this, but you're probably out of luck. git doesn't store changes that you don't add or commit to it, and according to the documentation for git reset:

--hard

Resets the index and working tree. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree since <commit> are discarded.

It's possible that you might be able to recover your changes with some sort of disk recovery utility or a professional data recovery service, but at this point that's probably more trouble than it's worth.

Python 3.6 windows7: There is several way to launch a python you could use the python console (which has a python logo on it) or the windows console (it's written cmd.exe on it).

I could not print utf8 characters in the windows console. Printing utf-8 characters throw me this error:

OSError: [winError 87] The paraneter is incorrect 
Exception ignored in: (_io-TextIOwrapper name='(stdout)' mode='w' ' encoding='utf8') 
OSError: [WinError 87] The parameter is incorrect 

After trying and failing to understand the answer above I discovered it was only a setting problem. Right click on the top of the cmd console windows, on the tab font chose lucida console.

POST variables should be accessible via the request object: HttpRequest.getParameterMap(). The exception is if the form is sending multipart MIME data (the FORM has enctype="multipart/form-data"). In that case, you need to parse the byte stream with a MIME parser. You can write your own or use an existing one like the Apache Commons File Upload API.

vim + dbext :)

A 2 column layout is a little bit tough to get working in CSS (at least until CSS3 is practical.)

Floating left and right will work to a point, but it won't allow you to extend the background. To make backgrounds stay solid, you'll have to implement a technique known as "faux columns," which basically means your columns themselves won't have a background image. Your 2 columns will be contained inside of a parent tag. This parent tag is given a background image that contains the 2 column colors you want. Make this background only as big as you need it to (if it is a solid color, only make it 1 pixel high) and have it repeat-y. AListApart has a great walkthrough on what is needed to make it work.

http://www.alistapart.com/articles/fauxcolumns/

The accepted answer is wrong!!

It throws the following exception on accessing the AppSettings property:

Unable to cast object of type 'System.Configuration.DefaultSection' to type 'System.Configuration.AppSettingsSection'.

Here is the correct solution:

System.Configuration.ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
fileMap.ExeConfigFilename = "YourFilePath";
System.Configuration.Configuration configuration = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);

The most important part is the concepts. Once you understand how the building blocks work, differences in syntax amount to little more than mild dialects. A layer on top of your regular expression engine's syntax is the syntax of the programming language you're using. Languages such as Perl remove most of this complication, but you'll have to keep in mind other considerations if you're using regular expressions in a C program.

If you think of regular expressions as building blocks that you can mix and match as you please, it helps you learn how to write and debug your own patterns but also how to understand patterns written by others.

Start simple

Conceptually, the simplest regular expressions are literal characters. The pattern N matches the character 'N'.

Regular expressions next to each other match sequences. For example, the pattern Nick matches the sequence 'N' followed by 'i' followed by 'c' followed by 'k'.

If you've ever used grep on Unix—even if only to search for ordinary looking strings—you've already been using regular expressions! (The re in grep refers to regular expressions.)

Order from the menu

Adding just a little complexity, you can match either 'Nick' or 'nick' with the pattern [Nn]ick. The part in square brackets is a character class, which means it matches exactly one of the enclosed characters. You can also use ranges in character classes, so [a-c] matches either 'a' or 'b' or 'c'.

The pattern . is special: rather than matching a literal dot only, it matches any character^†. It's the same conceptually as the really big character class [-.?+%$A-Za-z0-9...].

Think of character classes as menus: pick just one.

Helpful shortcuts

Using . can save you lots of typing, and there are other shortcuts for common patterns. Say you want to match a digit: one way to write that is [0-9]. Digits are a frequent match target, so you could instead use the shortcut \d. Others are \s (whitespace) and \w (word characters: alphanumerics or underscore).

The uppercased variants are their complements, so \S matches any non-whitespace character, for example.

Once is not enough

From there, you can repeat parts of your pattern with quantifiers. For example, the pattern ab?c matches 'abc' or 'ac' because the ? quantifier makes the subpattern it modifies optional. Other quantifiers are

• * (zero or more times)
• + (one or more times)
• {n} (exactly n times)
• {n,} (at least n times)
• {n,m} (at least n times but no more than m times)

Putting some of these blocks together, the pattern [Nn]*ick matches all of

• ick
• Nick
• nick
• Nnick
• nNick
• nnick
• (and so on)

The first match demonstrates an important lesson: * always succeeds! Any pattern can match zero times.

A few other useful examples:

• [0-9]+ (and its equivalent \d+) matches any non-negative integer
• \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} matches dates formatted like 2019-01-01

Grouping

A quantifier modifies the pattern to its immediate left. You might expect 0abc+0 to match '0abc0', '0abcabc0', and so forth, but the pattern immediately to the left of the plus quantifier is c. This means 0abc+0 matches '0abc0', '0abcc0', '0abccc0', and so on.

To match one or more sequences of 'abc' with zeros on the ends, use 0(abc)+0. The parentheses denote a subpattern that can be quantified as a unit. It's also common for regular expression engines to save or "capture" the portion of the input text that matches a parenthesized group. Extracting bits this way is much more flexible and less error-prone than counting indices and substr.

Alternation

Earlier, we saw one way to match either 'Nick' or 'nick'. Another is with alternation as in Nick|nick. Remember that alternation includes everything to its left and everything to its right. Use grouping parentheses to limit the scope of |, e.g., (Nick|nick).

For another example, you could equivalently write [a-c] as a|b|c, but this is likely to be suboptimal because many implementations assume alternatives will have lengths greater than 1.

Escaping

Although some characters match themselves, others have special meanings. The pattern \d+ doesn't match backslash followed by lowercase D followed by a plus sign: to get that, we'd use \\d\+. A backslash removes the special meaning from the following character.

Greediness

Regular expression quantifiers are greedy. This means they match as much text as they possibly can while allowing the entire pattern to match successfully.

For example, say the input is

"Hello," she said, "How are you?"

You might expect ".+" to match only 'Hello,' and will then be surprised when you see that it matched from 'Hello' all the way through 'you?'.

To switch from greedy to what you might think of as cautious, add an extra ? to the quantifier. Now you understand how \((.+?)\), the example from your question works. It matches the sequence of a literal left-parenthesis, followed by one or more characters, and terminated by a right-parenthesis.

If your input is '(123) (456)', then the first capture will be '123'. Non-greedy quantifiers want to allow the rest of the pattern to start matching as soon as possible.

(As to your confusion, I don't know of any regular-expression dialect where ((.+?)) would do the same thing. I suspect something got lost in transmission somewhere along the way.)

Anchors

Use the special pattern ^ to match only at the beginning of your input and $ to match only at the end. Making "bookends" with your patterns where you say, "I know what's at the front and back, but give me everything between" is a useful technique.

Say you want to match comments of the form

-- This is a comment --

you'd write ^--\s+(.+)\s+--$.

Build your own

Regular expressions are recursive, so now that you understand these basic rules, you can combine them however you like.

Tools for writing and debugging regexes:

• RegExr (for JavaScript)
• Perl: YAPE: Regex Explain
• Regex Coach (engine backed by CL-PPCRE)
• RegexPal (for JavaScript)
• Regular Expressions Online Tester
• Regex Buddy
• Regex 101 (for PCRE, JavaScript, Python, Golang)
• Visual RegExp
• Expresso (for .NET)
• Rubular (for Ruby)
• Regular Expression Library (Predefined Regexes for common scenarios)
• Txt2RE
• Regex Tester (for JavaScript)
• Regex Storm (for .NET)
• Debuggex (visual regex tester and helper)

Books

• Mastering Regular Expressions, the 2nd Edition, and the 3rd edition.
• Regular Expressions Cheat Sheet
• Regex Cookbook
• Teach Yourself Regular Expressions

Free resources

• RegexOne - Learn with simple, interactive exercises.
• Regular Expressions - Everything you should know (PDF Series)
• Regex Syntax Summary
• How Regexes Work

Footnote

†: The statement above that . matches any character is a simplification for pedagogical purposes that is not strictly true. Dot matches any character except newline, "\n", but in practice you rarely expect a pattern such as .+ to cross a newline boundary. Perl regexes have a /s switch and Java Pattern.DOTALL, for example, to make . match any character at all. For languages that don't have such a feature, you can use something like [\s\S] to match "any whitespace or any non-whitespace", in other words anything.

Lucida Console or Lucida Sans Typewriter, as small as possible so I can maximize the amount of code on the screen. Occasionally Courier or Monaco (e.g. Monaco in TextMate).

Here are the CASE statement examples from the PostgreSQL docs (Postgres follows the SQL standard here):

SELECT a,
   CASE WHEN a=1 THEN 'one'
        WHEN a=2 THEN 'two'
        ELSE 'other'
   END
FROM test;

or

SELECT a,
   CASE a WHEN 1 THEN 'one'
          WHEN 2 THEN 'two'
          ELSE 'other'
   END
FROM test;

Obviously the second form is cleaner when you are just checking one field against a list of possible values. The first form allows more complicated expressions.

I've had great success with wsdl2php. It will automatically create wrapper classes for all objects and methods used in your web service.

For the Windows OS, I used Fiddler to work around the issue.

1. Install/Run Fiddler from www.fiddler2.com

2. Run gem:

   $ gem install --http-proxy http://localhost:8888 $gem_name
   

I saw this post when I was looking for mysql statement to drop all WordPress tables based on @Xenph Yan here is what I did eventually:

SELECT CONCAT(  'DROP TABLE `', TABLE_NAME,  '`;' ) AS query
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE  'wp_%'

this will give you the set of drop queries for all tables begins with wp_

An improvement to the most useful answer here:

1] No need to restart the mysql server
2] Security concern for a MySQL server connected to a network

There is no need to restart the MySQL server.

use FLUSH PRIVILEGES; after the update mysql.user statement for password change.

The FLUSH statement tells the server to reload the grant tables into memory so that it notices the password change.

The --skip-grant-options enables anyone to connect without a password and with all privileges. Because this is insecure, you might want to

use --skip-grant-tables in conjunction with --skip-networking to prevent remote clients from connecting.

from: reference: resetting-permissions-generic

have a look at http://au.php.net/reserved.variables

I think the variable you are looking for is: $_SERVER["DOCUMENT_ROOT"]

A dictionary may not be very intuitive for using index for reference but, you can have similar operations with an array of KeyValuePair:

ex. KeyValuePair<string, string>[] filters;

ANTS Profiler. I haven't used many, but I don't really have any complaints about ANTS. The visualization is really helpful.

I wanted to single out Null arguments from other illegal arguments, so I derived an exception from IAE named NullArgumentException. Without even needing to read the exception message, I know that a null argument was passed into a method and by reading the message, I find out which argument was null. I still catch the NullArgumentException with an IAE handler, but in my logs is where I can see the difference quickly.

I'm not sure how much of a "real world" example this is, but I currently have an application out there that stores details for a trading card game, including the images for the cards. Granted the record count for the database is only 2851 records to date, but given the fact that certain cards have are released multiple times and have alternate artwork, it was actually more efficient sizewise to scan the "primary square" of the artwork and then dynamically generate the border and miscellaneous effects for the card when requested.

The original creator of this image library created a data access class that renders the image based on the request, and it does it quite fast for viewing and individual card.

This also eases deployment/updates when new cards are released, instead of zipping up an entire folder of images and sending those down the pipe and ensuring the proper folder structure is created, I simply update the database and have the user download it again. This currently sizes up to 56MB, which isn't great, but I'm working on an incremental update feature for future releases. In addition, there is a "no images" version of the application that allows those over dial-up to get the application without the download delay.

This solution has worked great to date since the application itself is targeted as a single instance on the desktop. There is a web site where all of this data is archived for online access, but I would in no way use the same solution for this. I agree the file access would be preferable because it would scale better to the frequency and volume of requests being made for the images.

Hopefully this isn't too much babble, but I saw the topic and wanted to provide some my insights from a relatively successful small/medium scale application.

You might want to create a web service for your common methods.
Just add a WebMethodAttribute over the functions you want to call, and that's about it.
Having a web service with all your common stuff also makes the system easier to maintain.

If you are creating a new rails application you can set the database using the -d switch like this:

rails -d mysql myapp

Its always easy to switch your database later though, and using sqlite really is easier if you are developing on a Mac.

I like SQLGrinder.

It's built using Cocoa, so it looks a lot better and feels more like an Mac OS X application than all the Java-based application mentioned here.

It uses JDBC drivers to connect to Microsoft SQL Server 2005, FrontBase, MySQL, OpenBase, Oracle, PostgreSQL, and Sybase.

Free trial or $59.

Not sure why another useful option is not yet mentioned:

UPDATE my_table m
JOIN (
    SELECT 1 as id, 10 as _col1, 20 as _col2
    UNION ALL
    SELECT 2, 5, 10
    UNION ALL
    SELECT 3, 15, 30
) vals ON m.id = vals.id
SET col1 = _col1, col2 = _col2;

i was looking for the same problem and stumbled upon the following code.

How to get Client MAC address(Web):

To get the client MAC address only way we can rely on JavaScript and Active X control of Microsoft.It is only work in IE if Active X enable for IE. As the ActiveXObject is not available with the Firefox, its not working with the firefox and is working fine in IE.

This script is for IE only:

function showMacAddress() {_x000D_
    var obj = new ActiveXObject("WbemScripting.SWbemLocator");_x000D_
    var s = obj.ConnectServer(".");_x000D_
    var properties = s.ExecQuery("SELECT * FROM Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration");_x000D_
    var e = new Enumerator(properties);_x000D_
    var output;_x000D_
    output = '<table border="0" cellPadding="5px" cellSpacing="1px" bgColor="#CCCCCC">';_x000D_
    output = output + '<tr bgColor="#EAEAEA"><td>Caption</td><td>MACAddress</td></tr>';_x000D_
    while (!e.atEnd()) {_x000D_
        e.moveNext();_x000D_
        var p = e.item();_x000D_
        if (!p) continue;_x000D_
        output = output + '<tr bgColor="#FFFFFF">';_x000D_
        output = output + '<td>' + p.Caption; +'</td>';_x000D_
        output = output + '<td>' + p.MACAddress + '</td>';_x000D_
        output = output + '</tr>';_x000D_
    }_x000D_
    output = output + '</table>';_x000D_
    document.getElementById("box").innerHTML = output;_x000D_
}_x000D_
_x000D_
showMacAddress();

<div id='box'></div>

I'd rather tab indentation not work than breaking tabbing between form items.

If you want to indent to put in code in the Markdown box, use Ctrl+K (or ?K on a Mac).

In terms of actually stopping the action, jQuery (which Stack Overflow uses) will stop an event from bubbling when you return false from an event callback. This makes life easier for working with multiple browsers.

you can use

$('#elementID').css('background-color', '#C0C0C0');

Here is a situation where there is definitely a need for inheritance for static fields and methods:

abstract class Animal
{
  protected static string[] legs;

  static Animal() {
    legs=new string[0];
  }

  public static void printLegs()
  {
    foreach (string leg in legs) {
      print(leg);
    }
  }
}


class Human: Animal
{
  static Human() {
    legs=new string[] {"left leg", "right leg"};
  }
}


class Dog: Animal
{
  static Dog() {
    legs=new string[] {"left foreleg", "right foreleg", "left hindleg", "right hindleg"};
  }
}


public static void main() {
  Dog.printLegs();
  Human.printLegs();
}


//what is the output?
//does each subclass get its own copy of the array "legs"?

Big O notation is useful because it's easy to work with and hides unnecessary complications and details (for some definition of unnecessary). One nice way of working out the complexity of divide and conquer algorithms is the tree method. Let's say you have a version of quicksort with the median procedure, so you split the array into perfectly balanced subarrays every time.

Now build a tree corresponding to all the arrays you work with. At the root you have the original array, the root has two children which are the subarrays. Repeat this until you have single element arrays at the bottom.

Since we can find the median in O(n) time and split the array in two parts in O(n) time, the work done at each node is O(k) where k is the size of the array. Each level of the tree contains (at most) the entire array so the work per level is O(n) (the sizes of the subarrays add up to n, and since we have O(k) per level we can add this up). There are only log(n) levels in the tree since each time we halve the input.

Therefore we can upper bound the amount of work by O(n*log(n)).

However, Big O hides some details which we sometimes can't ignore. Consider computing the Fibonacci sequence with

a=0;
b=1;
for (i = 0; i <n; i++) {
    tmp = b;
    b = a + b;
    a = tmp;
}

and lets just assume the a and b are BigIntegers in Java or something that can handle arbitrarily large numbers. Most people would say this is an O(n) algorithm without flinching. The reasoning is that you have n iterations in the for loop and O(1) work in side the loop.

But Fibonacci numbers are large, the n-th Fibonacci number is exponential in n so just storing it will take on the order of n bytes. Performing addition with big integers will take O(n) amount of work. So the total amount of work done in this procedure is

1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = n(n-1)/2 = O(n^2)

So this algorithm runs in quadradic time!

Python Challenge

locals()["myfunction"]()

or

globals()["myfunction"]()

locals returns a dictionary with a current local symbol table. globals returns a dictionary with global symbol table.

A very simple written explanation can be found here

http://binstock.blogspot.in/2008/01/excellent-explanation-of-dependency.html

It says -

"Any nontrivial application is made up of two or more classes that collaborate with each other to perform some business logic. Traditionally, each object is responsible for obtaining its own references to the objects it collaborates with (its dependencies). When applying DI, the objects are given their dependencies at creation time by some external entity that coordinates each object in the system. In other words, dependencies are injected into objects."

Using the each syntax will prevent the entire set of keys from being generated at once. This can be important if you're using a tie-ed hash to a database with millions of rows. You don't want to generate the entire list of keys all at once and exhaust your physical memory. In this case each serves as an iterator whereas keys actually generates the entire array before the loop starts.

So, the only place "each" is of real use is when the hash is very large (compared to the memory available). That is only likely to happen when the hash itself doesn't live in memory itself unless you're programming a handheld data collection device or something with small memory.

If memory is not an issue, usually the map or keys paradigm is the more prevelant and easier to read paradigm.

Well, that's a pretty decent definition you have. And wikipedia has a good definition too. So I'll add another (probably worse) definition for you.

When people refer to "recursion", they're usually talking about a function they've written which calls itself repeatedly until it is done with its work. Recursion can be helpful when traversing hierarchies in data structures.

In addition to the 'prop' snippet and auto-properties, there is a refactor option to let you select an existing field and expose it via a property (right click on the field → Refactor → Encapsulate Field...).

Also, if you don't like the 'prop' implementation, you can create your own snippets. Additionally, a third-party refactoring tool like ReSharper will give you even more features and make it easier to create more advanced snippets. I'd recommend ReSharper if you can afford it.

• http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/f7d3wz0k(VS.80).aspx

• Video demonstrating the use of snippet 'prop' (among other things), at 3 min 23 secs.